CN102094641A - Fracturing filling sand prevention model - Google Patents
Fracturing filling sand prevention model Download PDFInfo
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- CN102094641A CN102094641A CN2010106101205A CN201010610120A CN102094641A CN 102094641 A CN102094641 A CN 102094641A CN 2010106101205 A CN2010106101205 A CN 2010106101205A CN 201010610120 A CN201010610120 A CN 201010610120A CN 102094641 A CN102094641 A CN 102094641A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fracturing filling sand prevention model. The model comprises a groove chamber and a top cover, wherein the top cover is hermetically covered on the groove chamber; the top cover and the bottom and front side wall of the groove chamber are provided with liquid inlets, the rear side wall of the groove chamber is provided with a liquid outlet, and the left side or right side wall of the groove chamber is provided with two pressure measuring holes; a lower rock plate, a front rock plate, a support agent and an upper rock plate are arranged in a simulated formation in the model in turn to fill the cavity of the whole model; the model, a hydraulic machine, a high-flow constant-flow plunger pump, a differential pressure sensor, an air sac water tank device, a laser particle analyzer, a centrifugal machine and the like form a whole set of system; fluid seepage and formation sand intrusion conditions at the front end and on the two side walls of a crack in the formation are simulated for different closing pressure and different fluid, sand production and support agent reflow conditions under different perforating aperture and hole density conditions can be simulated, the change of sand production quantity, sand production particle size, crack flow conductivity and crack slit width is tested, and the particle size of a fracturing filling sand prevention support agent is optimized; meanwhile, an embed-free flow conductivity test and a fracturing fluid dynamic filtration experiment can be carried out.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to frac-pack sand control technique field, it is a kind of experimental facilities, be specifically related to a kind of simulation under different clossing pressures, formation fracture form after the frac-pack, at different fluid and reservoir sand carry out different-grain diameter proppant and combination thereof the sand control experiment, embed the frac-pack sand control model of experiment and flow conductivity test experiments.
Background technology
Along with the land most of main force of China oil field enters middle high water-cut stage, quickening exploration, exploitation offshore oil and gas resource become one of strategic objective of China's future petroleum industrial development gradually.But because marine oil reservoir generally has the distinguishing feature of good penetrability, cementing properties difference, sand production is one of engineering problem that often runs in recovery process.Sand production has very big harmfulness, can make oil well reduce or stop production, corrosion ground and underground equipment and decrease the ring tubing and casing, even oil well is scrapped.Therefore, in the saturating reservoir development process of middle and high infiltration, must take sand control measure.Wherein the most frequently used anti-sand method is the interior down-hole gravel pack of the pipe in the mechanical sand control.Though this method has good sand controlling result,, therefore reduced oil well productivity because it has increased the filtrational resistance of reservoir fluid preforation tunnel and screen jacket annular space when well stream is moving.In order to overcome the deficiency of down-hole gravel pack completion in the pipe, for improving the production capacity level of whole oil reservoir, down-hole gravel pack and fracturing combined in people just will manage simultaneously, and development has formed the frac-pack technology.Abroad the frac-pack technology is applied in the production reality, and has obtained success.In order to grasp the novel completion technique of this kind, promote the development of completion technique, be necessary to further investigate frac-pack.The development of this technology will improve the success rate of sand control completion and the period of validity that prolongs sand control, produces good economic and social benefit.
The high flow conductivity crack that pressure break produces is embodied on three the key links the control action of formation sand production trend: 1, prevent or reduce damage of rock structure; 2, reduce fluid washing away and carrying capacity to formation fines; 3, sand packed fracture is to the bridge blinding effect of formation fines.Three kinds of effects are in conjunction with the comprehensive sand control principle that forms fracturing fracture, and this sand control mechanism is different from gravel filling sand prevention fully.For the gravel pack technology, adopt fill out sand tube research usually.But for frac-pack technology, do not have at present a kind of plant and instrument can be more complete true to nature carry out analog study.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of model of studying the frac-pack sand-preventing process, the fracture pattern of simulation after the frac-pack, promptly under formation condition, the sand contamination situation of the seepage flow state of fluid, end, crack and wall, the embedding of proppant in soft formation.By research, determine the standard of the particle diameter or the mechanical fraction of filling proppant in the crack, influence the various factors of proppant embedment, the migration state of reservoir sand in filling bed, the flow conductivity of filling bed etc.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of frac-pack sand control model, comprise groove chamber and top cover, and be embedded in top, described groove chamber described top seal; Described groove chamber comprises framework, four sidewalls in bottom and front, rear, left and right, on described top cover, bottom, front side wall, all offer some inlet openings, on described rear wall, offer some fluid holes, on described left side wall or right side wall, divide forward and backward two pressure taps that are provided with; In described model inside, simulation stratum condition, rock beam under the placement of bottom, the described shop above the rock beam down put proppant, rock beam before the proppant front end is placed is placed above the described proppant and is gone up rock beam, and described upper and lower, preceding rock beam and proppant are full of whole model cavity.
Described top cover, bottom, front side wall are cavity structure, all offer described inlet opening on a side of model inside, are furnished with the grid passage in each cavity structure, and described inlet opening is pooled on the corresponding feed tube with external communications by the grid passage.
Feed tube on described top cover, bottom, the front side wall is arranged on the same side.
Described rear wall is a cavity structure, offers described fluid hole on a side of model inside, and described fluid hole is pooled on the drain pipe with external communications by cavity structure.
Described drain pipe is positioned at the upper/lower positions that leans on of rear wall.
Described fluid hole is a single row of holes, and described fluid hole has different Kong Mi and aperture specification.
Described framework and bottom are connected as a single entity, and four sidewalls in described front, rear, left and right are detachable, on four sidewalls wedge structure arranged all, are embedded with framework and cooperate, and there is the sealing ring sealing cooperation place.
Four sidewalls in described front, rear, left and right can be connected by bolt on periphery with framework.
Be connected with liquid flowing valve on each described feed tube; On the described drain pipe flow control valve is installed.
The present invention takes above technical scheme, and the technique effect that is obtained is: 1, complete simulation the formation fracture form, comprise end, crack wall and the sealing in crack; The sand contamination that comes endokinetic fissure end and crack two side walls and the embedding of proppant have been simulated; The clossing pressure of simulated formation is from the seepage flow state of the liquid of end and two side walls.2, the nothing that can test proppant embeds, embeds, embeds the flow conductivity that adds under the sand contamination condition.3, apparatus structure is reasonable in design, and assembly and disassembly is convenient, is convenient to after the experiment observe, clean, and each parts of system have good pressure-resistant stopping property.4, dispose high-level necessary instrument equipment, guaranteed the degree of accuracy of experiment test.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic appearance of model;
Fig. 2 is dismantle a schematic diagram behind the wall of model groove chamber, and bottom and framework are connected as a single entity, and the bottom is furnished with inlet opening;
Fig. 3 is a groove chamber front side wall schematic diagram, is furnished with inlet opening;
Fig. 4 is a groove chamber right side wall schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is a groove chamber left side wall schematic diagram, has former and later two pressure taps;
Fig. 6 is a groove chamber rear wall schematic diagram, is furnished with liquid outlet.
Fig. 7 is a model top cover schematic diagram, is furnished with inlet opening.
The specific embodiment
Following example is used for more specific description the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiment.
As can be seen from Figure 1, model is divided into groove chamber 1 and top cover 2 two parts, is stainless steel material and makes, and groove chamber 1 is of a size of 460mm * 260mm * 110mm, and top cover 2 is of a size of 390mm * 190mm * 20mm, is embedded fit structure.Model forms the complete experimental system of a cover with middle pressure constant flow pump, hydraulic pump, the differential pressure pick-up of big flow, air bag water pot device, displacement transducer, laser particle analyzer and standard screen that steady liquid stream is provided, centrifuge, day equality.
From Fig. 2～6 as can be known, groove chamber 1 is the detachable structure, comprise framework 11, four sidewalls in bottom 12 and front, rear, left and right 13,14,15,16, wherein bottom 12 can be connected as a single entity with framework 11, front, rear, left and right four sidewalls 13,14,15,16 are detachable, are convenient to test the back and observe, and clean, on four sidewalls wedge structure is arranged all, be embedded installation with framework 11.The sealing ring sealing is all arranged between each sidewall and top cover 2 and the groove chamber framework 11.On top cover 2, bottom 12, front side wall 13, all offer inlet opening; On rear wall 14, offer fluid hole; On left side wall 15 or right side wall 16, offer pressure tap.
Particularly, as shown in Figure 2, bottom 12 is connected as a single entity with framework 11.The periphery of framework 11 is provided with the bolt hole 17 that is used to install each sidewall.Bottom 12 is the cavity type structure, evenly is covered with inlet opening 18 thereon on the base plate, and each inlet opening is pooled on the total feed tube 19 in bottom by the grid passage in the cavity.As shown in Figure 3, except that the bolt hole 17 corresponding with framework 11 arranged, also voussoir was provided with some inlet openings 20 on the front side wall 13, and voussoir also is the cavity type structure, be provided with the grid passage in cavity, each inlet opening 20 is pooled on the total feed tube 21 of antetheca on the front panel by the grid passage.Shown in Fig. 4,5, left and right sidewall 15,16 structures are similar, just offer former and later two pressure taps 22 on one of them of left side wall 15 or right side wall 16, do not have pressure tap on another.Inside and outside two pressure taps 22 connected, the purpose of forward and backward setting was a pressure reduction forward and backward when flowing through model for the mensuration fluid.As shown in Figure 6, rear wall 14 is similar with the structure of front side wall, is the analogue perforation structure, so fluid hole 23 is set to single row of holes.Fluid hole 23 also is arranged on the voussoir of rear wall 14, and voussoir inside is cavity structure, and each fluid hole 23 is pooled on the rear wall main drain pipe 24 by cavity.Rear wall main drain pipe 24 is positioned at the upper/lower positions that leans on of rear wall.
As shown in Figure 7, same, top cover 2 also is a cavity type structure, in the side towards groove chamber 1 several inlet openings 25 is arranged, and each inlet opening 25 is pooled on the total feed tube 26 of top cover by the grid passage in the cavity.
Above-mentioned each feed tube, drain pipe all link to each other with external equipment accordingly.Preferably, the total feed tube 19 in bottom, the total feed tube 21 of antetheca and the total feed tube 26 of top cover are arranged on the same side, make things convenient for pipeline to connect.
Further, according to the requirement of design for aesthetic, the total feed tube 19 in above-mentioned bottom passes outside by front side wall 13.
Further, the fluid hole 23 on the rear wall 14 has different Kong Mi and aperture specification, in order to the backflow etc. of research proppant.During the test flow conductivity, need on rear wall main drain pipe 24, flow control valve be installed; When effect is shaked out in test,, flexible pipe is installed is got final product its dismounting.
In model inside, simulation stratum condition is formed according to the reservoir sand granularity of actual formation, and preparation simulated formation sand is used the Mold Making rock beam.Rock beam under frac-pack sand control model shop inner bottom part is placed at first, rock beam before front end is placed, certain sanding concentration is put in the shop then, the proppant of certain order number, with flat sand device leveling, to place at last and go up rock beam, upper and lower, preceding rock beam forms a semi-surrounding structure, surround proppant, upper and lower, preceding rock beam and proppant are full of whole model cavity.Then the frac-pack model is placed on the hydraulic press, applies required clossing pressure, outside pump and the differential pressure pick-up of connecting opened liquid flowing valve, experimentizes under certain flow; Collect effluent in outlet simultaneously, precipitation, centrifuge separates solid-liquid, and oven dry claims the quality of its sand, utilizes laser particle analyzer or standard screen, obtains sand grains footpath size.The front side liquid flowing valve is linked to each other with the nitrogen flooding air bag water pot device that steady liquid stream is provided, after flow control valve is installed at the back outlet place, can test the flow conductivity of filling bed.By the experiment of series, can analyze definite proppant particle diameter that sand controlling result is good, flow conductivity is high etc.
We select flow usually for use is the big flow constant current plunger displacement pump of 0～1L/min, and pressure limit is 0～5.0MPa, can carry out experiment test under the different flow at formation condition.
In order to accurately measure the less pressure reduction in rear and front end, mould chamber, disposed the differential pressure pick-up of high accuracy Rosemount 3051S1 and two kinds of models of 3051CD especially, range is respectively 0～200Pa, 0～6KPa; Precision is respectively 0.025% and 0.075%.
When testing the flow conductivity of filling bed, adopt the air bag water pot feed flow of nitrogen flooding, guarantee to provide steady liquid stream, the differential pressure test accurately.
Be simulated formation pressure, the frac-pack model shop be put on the hydraulic press that maximum can provide the clossing pressure about 11MPa.
For testing sand production rate, the wide variation of seam and analyzing the sand grains footpath, centrifuge, high accuracy balance, displacement transducer and plant and instrument such as laser particle analyzer, standard screen also have been equipped with.
Utilize above-mentioned model system to experimentize, can realize at different types of liquid, the research that experimentizes under enough range of flows and constant current conditions to the even feed flow of rock beam of its upper and lower both sides and front end, has the function of the test sand production rate and the particle diameter that shakes out.The nothing that can test proppant embeds, embeds, embeds the flow conductivity that adds under the sand contamination condition.Liquid outlet is installed flow control valve, can control the flow size.In order to make liquid be full of the groove chamber, make differential pressure measurement accurate, need can provide certain back pressure in the exit, be by flow control valve, reduce flow and increase that pressure provides.For guaranteeing that differential pressure measurement is accurate, it is enough high that the precision of differential pressure pick-up is wanted, and performance is enough good.This model structure is reasonable in design, and size is suitable, and assembly and disassembly is convenient, be convenient to after the experiment observe, clean, can apply required clossing pressure to it, each assembly of model all has higher bearing capacity, model has better seal, and no liquid is oozed out under the condition of high voltage.
The various embodiments described above only are used to illustrate the present invention, and wherein the structure of each parts, connected mode etc. all can change to some extent, and every equivalents of carrying out on the basis of technical solution of the present invention and improvement all should not got rid of outside protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a frac-pack sand control model is characterized in that: comprise groove chamber and top cover, be embedded in top, described groove chamber described top seal; Described groove chamber comprises framework, four sidewalls in bottom and front, rear, left and right, on described top cover, bottom, front side wall, all offer some inlet openings, on described rear wall, offer some fluid holes, on described left side wall or right side wall, divide forward and backward two pressure taps that are provided with; In described model inside, simulation stratum condition, rock beam under the placement of bottom, the described shop above the rock beam down put one deck proppant, rock beam before described proppant front end is placed is placed above the described proppant and is gone up rock beam, and upper and lower, preceding rock beam and proppant are full of whole model cavity.
2. a kind of frac-pack sand control model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described top cover, bottom, front side wall are cavity structure, each cavity structure all offers described inlet opening on a side of model inside, be furnished with the grid passage in each cavity structure, described inlet opening is pooled on the feed tube with external communications by the grid passage.
3. a kind of frac-pack sand control model as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the feed tube on described top cover, bottom, the front side wall is arranged on the same side.
4. a kind of frac-pack sand control model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described rear wall is a cavity structure, offer described fluid hole on a side of model inside, described fluid hole is pooled on the drain pipe with external communications by cavity structure.
5. a kind of frac-pack sand control model as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: described drain pipe is positioned at the upper/lower positions that leans on of rear wall.
6. a kind of frac-pack sand control model as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fluid hole is a single row of holes, described fluid hole has different Kong Mi and aperture specification.
7. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 described a kind of frac-pack sand control models, it is characterized in that: described framework and bottom are connected as a single entity, four sidewalls in described front, rear, left and right are detachable, on four sidewalls wedge structure is arranged all, be embedded with framework and cooperate, there is the sealing ring sealing cooperation place.
8. a kind of frac-pack sand control model as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: four sidewalls in described front, rear, left and right can be connected by bolt on periphery with framework.
9. as claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 described a kind of frac-pack sand control models, it is characterized in that: be connected with liquid flowing valve on each described feed tube; On the described drain pipe flow control valve is installed.
10. a kind of frac-pack sand control model as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: be connected with liquid flowing valve on each described feed tube; On the described drain pipe flow control valve is installed.
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| CN 201010610120 CN102094641B (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2010-12-28 | Fracturing filling sand prevention model |
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| CN 201010610120 CN102094641B (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2010-12-28 | Fracturing filling sand prevention model |
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| CN102094641A true CN102094641A (en) | 2011-06-15 |
| CN102094641B CN102094641B (en) | 2013-08-21 |
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| CN102587894A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2012-07-18 | 西南石油大学 | Horizontal well seepage experimental device |
| CN102889077A (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-01-23 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Testing device for detecting pressure distribution in hole by simulating hydra-jet fracturing under actual working conditions |
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