CN105651671A - Shear-seepage coupling testing device for two-dimensional rock sample - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device. The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device includes: a bottom frame, the top of which is divided into a sampling area and a testing area, and there is a slide rail between the sampling area and the testing area; a sealing mechanism for sealing the two Two-dimensional rock samples, which are provided with water inlets and outlets on both sides of the through-crack; rock sample bases, which can slide freely on slide rails, are used to place horizontally placed two-dimensional rock samples from the sampling area Transport to the test area; the longitudinal loading mechanism is fixed above the test area of the chassis, and its whole is a liftable structure; the lateral loading mechanism is fixed above the test area of the chassis, and its whole is a liftable structure, and The longitudinal loading mechanism is staggered. The invention can reliably realize the loading of two-dimensional rock samples and the application of extrusion force and shear force, and fills the blank of the shear-seepage coupling test device for two-dimensional rock samples at home and abroad.

Description

Two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering measuring instruments, in particular to a two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device.

Background technique

In recent years, with the construction of a large number of large-scale projects such as energy mining, nuclear waste treatment, water conservancy projects, and underground space utilization, rock seepage issues have attracted increasing attention. , fissure seepage has an important influence on the stability of rock mass engineering. On the one hand, cracks in rock mass are one of the important causes of water damage in underground engineering. On the other hand, the existence of cracks also greatly reduces the strength of rock mass. It is well known that fluid pressure in water-bearing pores can change the stress state in rock mass because water has little compressibility and easily transmits pressure. However, the deformation properties of the rock mass are significantly different from those of the fluid, so the change of the stress field caused by the fluid pressure and the continuous change of the fluid stress caused by the dynamic properties of the flowing groundwater all affect the deformation characteristics of the geological body. have a non-negligible impact. Therefore, the study of the fracture mechanism and strength characteristics of fractured rock mass will have very important theoretical significance and practical engineering application value for the disciplines of hydropower engineering geology and rock mass engineering stability. For rock materials, shear failure is the main failure mode, so the research on the shear-seepage coupling failure mechanism of rock mass is of great significance to solve the above problems.

Reference 1 (Design and application of a new numerically controlled rock joint shear seepage test bench, Wang Gang, Rock and Soil Mechanics, 30(10), 2009) proposed a numerically controlled rock joint shear seepage test bench, whose main functions are: In the normal direction of the joint specimen, the test rig has three types of controllable boundary conditions: constant normal stress (CNL), constant normal displacement (CNV) and constant normal stiffness (CNS). Parallel to the joint shear direction, shear force or displacement, seepage pressure can be applied. Joint shear test, joint penetration test, closed stress-permeation coupling test, shear stress-permeation coupling test, shear seepage rheological test of rock joints and radiation flow test of rock joints can be carried out under 3 boundary and load conditions .

Please refer to Figure 1, the system as a whole consists of an axial loading frame, a lateral loading mechanism, an axial and lateral creep control system, a seepage subsystem, a shear box and a numerical control system. The main components and their working principles are introduced in detail as follows:

The axial loading frame includes a loading cylinder, a main frame, a force sensor, upper and lower pressure plates, etc. The main engine adopts a frame structure, the loading cylinder is fixed upside down on the upper beam, and the force sensor is installed on the piston.

The lateral loading mechanism includes a loading cylinder, a shear loading frame, a force sensor, a displacement sensor, and the like. The shear loading frame adopts a four-frame combination type, and the cylinder base, the pressure beam and the side plates on both sides are all made of high-grade ductile iron, which makes the frame rigid (5000kN/mm), and the work is stable and reliable; the shear loading frame is placed on the guide rail In the shear test, after the sample is installed, it is pushed into the frame of the main machine, and other boundary conditions are set, and the corresponding shear test can be carried out.

The lateral and axial control system adopts the original imported EDC full digital servo controller from German DOLI company. This controller is an international leading controller and has multiple measurement channels. control or joint control of several measurement channels, and can realize non-impact switching between multiple control modes. A stiffness control channel can be set in the EDC, and the normal stiffness value calculated according to the measured normal stress and normal deformation can be fed back to the EDC control output channel as a control parameter, so that constant normal stiffness control can be realized. This function cannot be realized in other controllers. EDC has high measurement and control precision, easy operation, complete protection functions, and can realize automatic calibration, automatic zero clearing and fault self-diagnosis.

The seepage subsystem includes osmotic pressurization system, Panasonic servo motor and controller imported from Japan, and EDC controller. The system can realize multi-stage controllable constant osmotic pressure and osmotic flow control. Set a set of hydraulic sensor, flow measuring device and pressure stabilizing device at the water outlet of the shearing box, and set a pressure difference control channel in the EDC control system software to measure the difference between the inlet pressure and the outlet pressure to realize the shearing box Closed-loop control of inlet and outlet osmotic pressure difference. Moreover, steady-state and transient osmotic pressure control can be achieved.

The internal size of the shear box is 200mm (water penetration direction)×100mm (penetration width)×100mm (height). The percolation shear box is composed of the upper and lower shear boxes, the upper shear box is composed of the upper shear body, the upper sealing ring, and the upper knife body pad; the lower shear box is composed of the lower shear body, the lower sealing ring, and the lower knife body pad block composition. The sealing ring is the characteristic and the key part of this scheme. It is made of liquid rubber from polyurethane with moderate elasticity and hardness, and is molded by casting. Polyurethane rubber has the characteristics of being both soft and hard, and has low friction. The sealing ring is hollow. When the sample is installed, a certain pressure of liquid plastic will be injected into the cavity. The upper sealing ring is tightly attached to the surroundings of the upper half of the sample under pressure, while the lower sealing ring is tightly pressed under pressure. It is tightly attached to the surrounding area of the lower half of the sample to realize sealing, and at the same time, the contact surface of the upper sealing ring and the lower sealing ring is also subjected to pressure and tightly contacted to realize sealing. When the upper and lower shear boxes move relative to each other, the contact surfaces of the upper sealing ring and the lower sealing ring remain compressed and sealed in a sliding state until the sealing rings are out of contact. There is a water inlet hole in the upper cutter body to infiltrate water into the shear surface of the rock sample, and the other hole is a vent hole; there is a water outlet hole in the lower cutter body to discharge the water infiltrated into the shear surface of the rock sample.

For the numerically controlled rock joint shear seepage test bench shown in Fig. 1, it is mainly designed for three-dimensional rock samples, so it carries out normal loading from bottom to top and shear loading from right to left. Due to the complexity and concealment of body fissures, its internal rupture mechanism cannot be truly revealed under the existing technology. Moreover, the three-dimensional crack proposed by the prior art is not really "three-dimensional", but just a regular plane, and its essence is still two-dimensional. Therefore, it is more practical to conduct experiments on two-dimensional rock samples. However, there is no shear-seepage coupling test device for two-dimensional rock samples in the prior art, and the numerically controlled rock joint shear-seepage test bench shown in Figure 1 cannot realize the loading of two-dimensional rock samples and the extrusion force and application of shear force.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a device for realizing the shear-seepage coupling test of a two-dimensional rock sample.

(2) Technical solution

The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device of the present invention comprises: a chassis 10, which is divided into a sample introduction area and a test area above it, and a slide rail is provided between the sample introduction area and the test area; a sealing mechanism 20, with For sealing the two-dimensional rock sample, it sets up the water inlet 23a and the water outlet 23b respectively on both sides along the penetrating crack; the rock sample base 30, which can slide freely on the slide rail, is used to place the horizontally placed two-dimensional rock The sample is transported from the sampling area to the test area; the longitudinal loading mechanism is fixed above the test area of the chassis 10, and its whole is a liftable structure; the lateral loading mechanism is fixed above the test area of the chassis 10, and its The whole is a liftable structure, which is staggered with the longitudinal loading mechanism; among them, the two-dimensional rock sample has a penetrating crack, and when the two-dimensional rock sample is transported, the longitudinal loading mechanism and the lateral loading mechanism are raised; After the sample is transported to the testing area, the longitudinal loading mechanism and the lateral loading mechanism are dropped to exert longitudinal and lateral forces on the two-dimensional rock sample transported to the testing area, respectively.

(3) Beneficial effects

It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling testing device of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) It is specially designed for two-dimensional rock samples, which can stably and reliably realize the loading of two-dimensional rock samples and the application of extrusion force and shear force, filling the shear-seepage of two-dimensional rock samples at home and abroad Blanks for coupling test fixtures;

Using two-dimensional rock samples, the shearing and seepage process is more intuitive, and the mechanism is more clear, which has changed the shortcomings of the traditional three-dimensional test process, which is not intuitive enough, the mechanism is not clear enough, and the results are difficult to measure accurately.

(2) The stability of the above-mentioned rock sample is guaranteed by placing it on a plane; the shearing along the crack under different normal pressures is realized through the joint use of the lateral loading mechanism and the lateral reaction frame; The infiltration and outflow pipelines are sealed on all six sides of the rock sample to realize the seepage after shearing, and the shear-seepage coupling test of a single fixed crack is realized.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of prior art numerical control rock joint shear seepage test bench;

2 is a schematic structural view of a two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal loading mechanism in the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the underframe and the lateral loading mechanism in the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the force on the two-dimensional rock sample in the shear-seepage coupling test device for the two-dimensional rock sample shown in Fig. 2 .

【Main components】

A-two-dimensional rock sample;

A1- through the crack;

10 - chassis;

11, 12- slide rail;

20 - sealing mechanism;

21, 22-longitudinal gasket; 23-lateral sealing ring;

23a - water inlet; 23b - water outlet;

30-rock sample base;

40 - longitudinal loading mechanism;

41-column; 42-motor mounting plate;

43-the first longitudinal lifting motor; 44-double-deck loading frame;

44a - upper loading plate; 44b - lower loading plate;

45 - tempered glass plate;

50 - side loading mechanism;

51-the second longitudinal lifting motor; 52-reaction force frame;

53-extrusion force application mechanism; 54-shear force application mechanism;

54a - first platen; 54b - second platen;

54c-water inlet channel; 54d-water outlet channel.

detailed description

In view of the lack of two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test equipment, the present invention develops and manufactures a test system that can simulate the mechanical characteristics of rock samples under the joint action of stress field and water flow field, and can be applied to rock cracks under stress Experimental study on the failure mechanism under the joint action of the water field and the water flow field.

In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device is provided. In this embodiment, the test object is a square bluestone slab A, and its dimensions are: length 500mm, width 500mm, thickness 10-20mm. There is a through crack A1 processed in the middle of the bluestone slab. The position of the through crack is fixed and carved by an engraving machine. The side surface is naturally rough and unpolished.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the force on the two-dimensional rock sample in the shear-seepage coupling test device for the two-dimensional rock sample shown in Fig. 2 . As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 5, the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device of this embodiment includes:

The bottom frame 10 is divided into a sampling area and a testing area above it, and slide rails (11, 12) are provided between the sampling area and the testing area;

The sealing mechanism 20 is used to seal the two-dimensional rock sample, and it has a water inlet 23a and a water outlet 23b respectively on both sides along the through crack;

A rock sample base 30, which can slide freely on the slide rail, is used to transport the horizontally placed two-dimensional rock sample from the sampling area to the testing area;

The longitudinal loading mechanism is fixed above the testing area of the chassis 10 and is a liftable structure as a whole. When the two-dimensional rock sample is transported, the longitudinal loading mechanism is raised. After the two-dimensional rock sample is transported to the testing area, The longitudinal loading mechanism falls to apply longitudinal pressure to the two-dimensional rock sample transported to the testing area;

The lateral loading mechanism is fixed above the test area of the chassis 10, and its whole is a liftable structure. When transporting the two-dimensional rock sample, the lateral loading mechanism is raised, and when the two-dimensional rock sample is transported to the testing area After the test area, the side loading mechanism is lowered to exert lateral pressure on the two-dimensional rock sample transported to the test area; and

The seepage system is used to apply a preset osmotic pressure to one end of the two-dimensional rock sample penetrating through the crack in the sealing mechanism through the water inlet; at the same time, collect the water seeped from the water outlet;

The data acquisition module is used to collect and process the seepage parameters of the two-dimensional rock sample under pressure.

Each component of the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling testing device of this embodiment will be described in detail below.

In this embodiment, there is a penetrating crack A1 in the center of the two-dimensional rock sample A, as shown in FIG. 5 . The position of the through crack is fixed, and it is carved out with an engraving machine before the test.

The position, depth and engraving process of the penetrating crack A1 can be reasonably selected by those skilled in the art, and are not limited to the form given in this embodiment.

Please refer to FIG. 2 , the underframe 10 is in a frame structure. In order to facilitate the operation of the staff, the chassis has a certain height, and various electric control mechanisms are installed on the side.

The top of the chassis 10 is provided with non-interfering slide rails (11, 12) in two vertical directions, so that the two-dimensional rock sample can be fed from two directions via the corresponding rock sample base 30. The area is transported to the test area, thereby realizing two tests with different forms and contents.

Since the water only moves along the cracks during the test, it is necessary to seal the six sides of the rock sample. The sealing mechanism 20 includes: longitudinal sealing pads 21 and 22, respectively located at the upper and lower parts of the two-dimensional rock sample, to realize the sealing of the upper and lower surfaces of the two-dimensional rock sample A; the lateral sealing ring 23, which is in the shape of "back", It surrounds the two-dimensional rock sample A from all sides to realize the sealing of the four sides of the two-dimensional rock sample. A water inlet 23a and a water outlet 23b are opened on both sides of the lateral sealing ring 23 along the through gap.

As for the longitudinal sealing pads 21 and 22, they are made of transparent PVC material, which is convenient for observing the state and water seepage of the two-dimensional rock sample during the testing process. As for the lateral sealing ring 23, it is made of polyurethane, which is made by injection molding process and can bear relatively high pressure. The combination of the longitudinal sealing pads 21, 22 and the lateral sealing ring 23 can realize 2MPa water sealing.

The longitudinal sealing pads (21, 22) and the lateral sealing ring 23 can be connected as a whole or separately. It only needs to be able to surround the two-dimensional rock sample A. Since the longitudinal loading mechanism will apply pressure in the longitudinal direction, and the lower chassis will provide a counter force, so even if there is no connection between the longitudinal sealing pads (21, 22) and the lateral sealing ring 23, under the action of pressure, the three will Tightly attached together, will not leak.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal loading mechanism in the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device shown in Fig. 2 . Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, this longitudinal loading mechanism 40 comprises: four columns 41 that are fixed on the top of the underframe test area; the motor mounting plate 42 that is fixed on the top of the four columns; Four first vertical lift motors 43 protruding from the output threaded rods; a double-layer loading frame 44, which includes an upper loading plate 44a and a lower loading plate 44b that are relatively fixed in position.

The four corners of the upper loading plate 44a are provided with sliding holes, and the four columns pass through the four sliding holes to provide a limit for the upper and lower sliding of the upper loading plate. The upper loading plate 44a is provided with corresponding threaded holes at corresponding positions of the output threaded rods of the four first vertical lift motors, and the output threaded rods of the four first vertical lift motors are screwed into the corresponding threaded holes. A tempered glass plate 45 is fixed to the lower surface of the lower loading plate 44b. When the four first vertical lifting motors are driven, the four output threaded rods push the double-layer loading frame to move downward, and the tempered glass plate presses the two-dimensional rock sample below.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a lateral chassis and a lateral loading mechanism in the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device shown in Fig. 2 . Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 , the lateral loading mechanism 50 includes: three second vertical lift motors 51 , a reaction force frame 52 , an extrusion force applying mechanism 53 and a shearing force applying mechanism 54 .

The bottoms of the three second vertical lift motors 51 are fixed on the underframe 10 . Wherein, two second vertical lifting motors 51 are located on the same side of the extrusion force applying mechanism 53 , one left and one right; the other second vertical lifting motor is located on the opposite side of the extrusion force applying mechanism 53 .

The reaction force frame 52 is fixed on the top of the output shafts of the three second vertical lifting motors, and is staggered with the four columns 41 of the vertical loading mechanism. The reaction force frame 52 has threaded holes at the positions of the output threaded rods of the three second vertical lift motors. The output threaded rods of three second vertical lift motors pass through the corresponding threaded holes on the reaction force frame 52 . When the three second vertical lift motors are driven, the output threaded rods of the three second vertical lift motors push the reaction force frame up or down. When the reaction force frame 52 is in the descending state, it fits the two-dimensional rock sample A in the test area into it.

It should be noted that this embodiment uses three second vertical lift motors 51 , but in other embodiments of the present invention, the number of second vertical lift motors can also be set according to needs. Generally, at least two second vertical lifting motors are required, which are respectively arranged on opposite sides of the reaction force frame.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the force on the two-dimensional rock sample in the shear-seepage coupling test device for the two-dimensional rock sample shown in Fig. 2 . Please refer to Fig. 2 and Fig. 5, the extrusion force applying mechanism 53 is installed on the reaction force frame 52 and is perpendicular to the side of the penetrating crack, which applies a horizontal extrusion force to the two-dimensional rock sample through the pressure plate at the head. The reaction force of the extrusion force is provided by the opposite side of the reaction force frame, thereby extruding the two-dimensional rock sample. The shearing force applying mechanism 54 is installed on the reaction frame parallel to the side of the through-crack, and it applies thrust to the part of the two-dimensional rock sample on one side of the through-crack through the first pressure plate 54a of the head, to The part of the two-dimensional rock sample passing through the other side of the fracture is provided by the second pressure plate 54b fixed on the opposite side of the reaction frame, so as to shear the two-dimensional rock sample.

Through the lateral loading mechanism, the lateral loading capacity of the test device in this embodiment is 100KN, and the shearing displacement capacity is 5mm.

Please refer to Fig. 5 emphatically, in the first pressing plate 54a of the head of the shear force applying mechanism, there is a water inlet channel 54c in the shape of "Z". On the outer side of the first pressing plate 54a, the inlet of the water inlet channel 54c is staggered from the shear force applying mechanism. On the inner side of the first pressing plate 54a, the outlet of the water inlet channel 54c is aligned with the water inlet 23a on the side of the sealing ring. There is a second pressing plate 54b between the reaction force frame on the opposite side of the shear force applying mechanism and the two-dimensional rock sample. A Z-shaped water outlet channel 54d is opened in the pressing plate. On the inner side of the second pressure plate 54b, the inlet of the water outlet channel 54d is aligned with the water outlet 23b on the side of the lateral sealing ring. On the outside of the second pressing plate 54b, the outlet of the water outlet channel 54d is staggered from the part having shear force between the reaction force frame and the two-dimensional rock sample.

Seepage system includes: water supply pressurization system and return water system. The water supply pressurization system includes: a water pressure controller driven by a stepping motor. The water pressure controller is connected to the inlet of the water inlet channel 54c on the outside of the first pressing plate through a pipeline. After the shearing of the two-dimensional rock sample is completed, the hydraulic pressure controller applies a preset osmotic pressure to one end of the two-dimensional rock sample passing through the fracture through the water inlet channel 54c. The return system includes the sump. The water outlet of the water outlet channel 54d on the outside of the second pressing plate is connected to the sump. The water seeped from the other end of the two-dimensional rock sample through the fracture is collected through the pipeline and introduced into the sump. The water body in the sump can be discharged; it can also be pumped into the water pressure controller through an external water pump for recycling.

The data acquisition module is used to collect seepage parameters (normal force, shear force, water pressure, and seepage water volume) of two-dimensional rock samples under pressurized conditions, which includes: two load cells, a water pressure sensor and flow meter. Among them, the capacity of the two load cells is 100kN. One is installed between the extrusion force applying mechanism 53 and the pressing plate in front of it, and is used to measure the normal force applied to the two-dimensional rock sample during the test. The second one is installed between the shear force applying mechanism 54 and the pressing plate 54a, and is used to measure the shear force applied to the two-dimensional rock sample during the test. The water pressure sensor has a range of 2 MPa and is installed outside the water inlet 23a to measure the infiltration water pressure at the infiltration end during the test. The flow meter has a range of 5ml/s and is installed outside the water outlet 23b to measure the flow rate of the seepage water flow along the shear crack during the test.

It should be noted that the first vertical lift motor, the second vertical lift motor, the extrusion force applying mechanism and the shearing force applying mechanism in this embodiment are all controlled by corresponding electronic control systems. And the electronic control system adopts the electronic control system commonly used in the field, and will not be described in detail here. The sensors in the data acquisition module are also common sensors in the field, and those skilled in the art should be familiar with them, and will not be described in detail here.

After the structure of the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device in this embodiment is described in detail, its working principle is explained below:

(1) Sample preparation: use an engraving machine to carve through cracks on the two-dimensional rock sample;

(2) Sampling: The two-dimensional rock sample A is arranged with longitudinal sealing pads 21, 22 up and down, placed on the rock sample base 30, and the lateral sealing ring 23 is connected around, and the inlets on both sides of the lateral sealing ring 23 The water port 23a and the water outlet 23b are aligned at the two ends of the through-crack; and then pushed into the test area through the lower slide rail 11 as a whole.

(3) Longitudinal positioning: drive four first vertical lift motors 43 to make the double-layer loading frame 44 press against the tempered glass plate 45 and then press the rock sample.

(4) Horizontal positioning: drive four second vertical lifting electrodes 51, the lowering reaction force frame 52 is fully fitted with the two-dimensional rock sample, and the water inlet channel inlet on the outside of the first pressure plate 54a is connected to the external water pressure by a pipeline. The controller is connected, and the outlet of the water outlet channel on the outside of the second pressure plate 54b is connected to the sump through a pipe;

(5) Pressing: apply extrusion force through the extrusion force applying mechanism 53 in the direction perpendicular to the penetrating crack, and the reaction force of this extrusion force is provided by the reaction force frame 52; at the same time, in the direction parallel to the penetrating crack, The thrust force is applied by the shear force applying mechanism 54 on one side penetrating the crack, and the reaction force is applied by the reaction frame on the other side penetrating the crack on the opposite side, so as to shear the two-dimensional rock sample.

(6) Water supply: the water pressure controller is connected to the inlet of the water inlet channel 54c in the first pressure plate through a pipeline. After the shearing of the rock sample is completed, the hydraulic controller applies a preset seepage pressure to one end of the crack of the two-dimensional rock sample through the water inlet channel in the first pressure plate; The water outlet channel 54d in the second platen and the pipeline connected to it collect the seepage water and lead it into the sump;

(7) Data collection: Two load cells are used to collect the normal force and shear force applied to the rock slab during the test, the water pressure sensor collects the water pressure at the infiltration end, and the flow meter is used to collect data along the cracks along the rock slab. The volume of the seeped water body.

Tests have proved that the shear-seepage coupling test device for two-dimensional rock samples of this embodiment can successfully load two-dimensional rock samples and conduct shear-seepage coupling tests, and has strong practicability.

So far, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. Based on the above description, those skilled in the art should have a clear understanding of the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling testing device of the present invention.

It should be noted that, in the accompanying drawings or in the text of the specification, implementations that are not shown or described are forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are not described in detail. In addition, the above definitions of each element and method are not limited to the various specific structures, shapes or methods mentioned in the embodiments, and those of ordinary skill in the art can easily modify or replace them, for example:

(1) The above-mentioned lateral loading mechanism can also adopt opposite loading to replace the lateral reaction force frame structure;

(2) The above-mentioned seepage outlet can also use a hydraulic pressure controller to replace the direct discharge of the pipeline;

(3) The position of the water inlet and water outlet of the sealing mechanism can also be adjusted according to the position of the penetrating crack on the two-dimensional rock sample. In addition, the position of the penetrating crack is not limited to the middle of the two-dimensional rock sample;

(4) Regarding the structure and connection of the seepage system and the data acquisition module, those skilled in the art can reasonably set them up according to the needs, and can adopt related products formed on the market;

(5) This document may provide demonstrations of parameters containing specific values, but these parameters need not be exactly equal to the corresponding values, but may approximate the corresponding values within acceptable error tolerances or design constraints;

(6) The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc., are only referring to the directions of the drawings, and are not used to limit protection scope of the present invention.

In summary, the present invention provides a shear-seepage coupling test device specially for two-dimensional rock samples, which can simulate the test of the mechanism characteristics of rock samples under the joint action of stress field and water flow field, and is suitable for The experimental research on the failure mechanism of rock cracks under the joint action of stress field and water flow field has strong practical value.

The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device, characterized in that, the two-dimensional rock sample has a through-crack; The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device includes: The bottom frame (10), above which is divided into a sampling area and a testing area, with slide rails between the sampling area and the testing area; The sealing mechanism (20) is used to seal the two-dimensional rock sample, and it is provided with a water inlet (23a) and a water outlet (23b) on both sides along the penetrating crack; A rock sample base (30), which can slide freely on the slide rail, is used to transport the horizontally placed two-dimensional rock sample from the sampling area to the testing area; The longitudinal loading mechanism is fixed above the test area of the chassis (10), and its whole is a liftable structure; The lateral loading mechanism is fixed above the test area of the chassis (10), and its whole is a liftable structure, which is staggered with the longitudinal loading mechanism; Wherein, when the two-dimensional rock sample is transported, the longitudinal loading mechanism and the lateral loading mechanism rise; after the two-dimensional rock sample is transported to the testing area, the longitudinal loading mechanism and the lateral loading mechanism fall, respectively Longitudinal and lateral forces are applied to a 2D rock sample transported to the test area. 2. two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling testing device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described two-dimensional rock sample is square, and described sealing mechanism (20) comprises: Two longitudinal sealing pads (21, 22) are located on the upper and lower parts of the two-dimensional rock sample respectively, to realize the sealing of the upper and lower surfaces of the two-dimensional rock sample; The lateral sealing ring (23) is in the shape of "back", which surrounds the two-dimensional rock sample from all sides to realize the sealing of the four sides of the two-dimensional rock sample; Wherein, a water inlet (23a) and a water outlet (23b) are opened on both sides of the lateral seal ring (23) along the through gap. 3. The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The longitudinal sealing pads (21, 22) are made of transparent PVC material; The lateral sealing ring (23) is made of polyurethane material through injection molding process. 4. The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the longitudinal loading mechanism (40) comprises Four uprights (41) fixed on the top of the chassis test area; be fixed on the motor mounting plate (42) at the top of the four columns; At least one first longitudinal lifting motor (43) that is fixed above the motor mounting plate and protrudes downward from the output threaded rod; and A double-layer loading frame (44) comprising an upper loading plate (44a) and a lower loading plate (44b) in fixed relative positions, the lower surface of the lower loading plate (44b) is fixed with a tempered glass plate (45); Wherein, the four corners of the upper loading plate (44a) are provided with sliding holes, and four columns pass through the four sliding holes to provide a limit for the upper and lower sliding of the upper loading plate (44a), and the upper loading plate (44a) A threaded hole is provided at the corresponding position of the output threaded rod of the at least one first vertical lifting motor, and the output threaded rod of the at least one first vertical lifting motor is screwed into the corresponding threaded hole. When the first vertical lifting motor is driven, four output threaded rods push the double-layer loading frame to slide downward, and the tempered glass plate (45) presses the two-dimensional rock sample below. 5. the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the lateral loading mechanism (50) comprises: At least two second vertical lifting motors (51), the bottoms of which are fixed on the chassis (10); The reaction force frame (13) is fixed on the upper part of the output shafts of the at least two second lifting motors (51); Wherein, the reaction force frame (52) has threaded holes at the positions of the output threaded rods of the at least two second vertical lifting motors, and the output threaded rods of the at least two second vertical lifting motors pass through corresponding threaded holes, when the at least two second vertical lifting motors are driven, their output threaded rods push the reaction force frame (13) up or down, and in the descending state, the reaction force frame (13) will A two-dimensional rock sample located in the test area is embedded in it. 6. the two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the lateral loading mechanism (50) also comprises: Extrusion force applying mechanism (53), installed on the reaction force frame (52) perpendicular to the side of the penetrating crack, it applies a horizontal extrusion force to the two-dimensional rock sample, the reaction force of the extrusion force provided by the opposite side of the reaction frame to compress the two-dimensional rock sample; and The shear force applying mechanism (54) is installed on the reaction force frame parallel to the side of the through-crack, and it applies thrust to the part of the two-dimensional rock sample on one side of the through-crack through the first pressure plate (54a) on the head, The other part of the two-dimensional rock sample penetrating the fracture is provided by the second pressure plate (54b) fixed on the opposite side of the reaction frame, so as to shear the two-dimensional rock sample. 7. The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the first pressing plate (54a) of the head of the shearing force applying mechanism, there is a water inlet channel (54c) of "Z" shape, and on the outside of the first pressing plate (54a), the water inlet channel (54c) The inlet is staggered from the shear force applying mechanism, and on the inner side of the first pressing plate (54a), the outlet of the water inlet channel (54c) is aligned with the water inlet (23a) on the side of the lateral sealing ring; In the second pressure plate (54b) fixed on the opposite side of the reaction force frame, a water outlet channel (54d) in the shape of a "Z" is opened. On the inner side of the second pressure plate (54b), the inlet of the water outlet channel (54d) is The water outlet (23b) on the side of the quasi-lateral sealing ring, and on the outside of the second pressure plate (54b), the outlet of the water outlet channel (54d) is staggered and has a shear force between the reaction force frame and the two-dimensional rock sample part. 8. The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device according to claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprises: a seepage system for applying a preset seepage pressure to one end of the two-dimensional rock sample sealed in the sealing mechanism through the fracture through the water inlet; and The data collection module is used to collect the seepage parameters of the two-dimensional rock sample under pressure. 9. The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupled testing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The seepage system includes: The water supply pressurization system includes: a water pressure controller, which is connected to the inlet of the water inlet channel (54c) outside the first pressure plate through a pipeline; Among them, after the shearing of the two-dimensional rock sample is completed, the hydraulic controller applies a preset seepage pressure to one end of the two-dimensional rock sample through the crack through the water inlet channel (54c), and the penetrating fracture of the two-dimensional rock sample The water seeping from the other end of the fissure is discharged from the water outlet channel in the second pressure plate; The data acquisition module includes: Two load cells, one of which is installed between the extrusion force applying mechanism (53) and the pressing plate in front thereof; the other is installed between the shearing force applying mechanism (54) and the first pressing plate (54a) in front thereof The two are used to measure the extrusion force and shear force applied to the two-dimensional rock sample during the test, respectively; The water pressure sensor is installed on the outside of the water inlet (23a) of the lateral sealing ring of the sealing mechanism, and is used to measure the infiltration water pressure at the infiltration end during the test; The flow meter is installed on the outside of the water outlet (23b) of the lateral sealing ring of the sealing mechanism, and is used to measure the flow rate of the seeping water flow along the shear crack during the test. 10. The two-dimensional rock sample shear-seepage coupling test device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein there are two sampling regions above the underframe; Two slide rails (11, 12) that do not interfere with each other are installed on the top of the underframe (10) in two vertical directions, and the starting points of the two slide rails (11, 12) are respectively the two entrances. sample area, and the end point is the test area.