CN110687274A - Rock shearing-seepage testing machine and testing method thereof - Google Patents
Rock shearing-seepage testing machine and testing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110687274A CN110687274A CN201911125714.4A CN201911125714A CN110687274A CN 110687274 A CN110687274 A CN 110687274A CN 201911125714 A CN201911125714 A CN 201911125714A CN 110687274 A CN110687274 A CN 110687274A
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Abstract
The invention provides a rock shearing-seepage testing machine and a testing method thereof, wherein the testing machine comprises a sealing test box, the sealing test box comprises a hollow frame, a rock sample is arranged in the hollow frame, a Z-axis loading plate is arranged at the upper end of the rock sample, an upper X-axis loading plate and a lower X-axis loading plate are arranged on two sides of the X-axis direction, an upper Y-axis loading plate and a lower Y-axis loading plate are arranged on two sides of the Y-axis direction, a first sealing assembly is arranged between the upper X-axis loading plate and the lower X-axis loading plate and comprises an arc-shaped elastic metal sleeve, a first polyurethane water sealing bag is arranged in the elastic metal sleeve, and a second polyurethane water sealing bag connected with the end part of the first polyurethane water sealing bag is arranged between the upper Y-axis loading plate and the lower Y-axis loading plate. The invention realizes the real-time test of rock shearing damage and seepage under the condition of simulating the triaxial stress of the rock, and a seamless sealing ring is formed around the crack of the rock sample to realize effective sealing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of rock mechanics, in particular to a rock shearing-seepage testing machine and a testing method thereof.
Background
Water has a great influence on the stability of rock engineering, and the existing rock shearing-seepage test devices and methods are more, for example, CN102944665B discloses a shearing box and a test method suitable for a rock joint shearing seepage coupling test, which relate to a single normal force and a direct shearing force and cannot simulate the stress condition process of a real stratum; for example, CN207215662U discloses a servo-controlled sealing device for rock fracture shear seepage test, which only relates to a single normal force and a direct shear force, and can automatically correct the sealing pressure along with the fracture deformation, but along with the shear displacement and deformation of the rock sample, the joint between the ends of the two sides of the rock sample fracture and the end of the water cavity is prone to leakage.
CN108519293A discloses a true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus, which performs real-time test on rock shear failure and seepage in a X, Y, Z triaxial stress state, but two sides of a crack of a rock sample are not sealed, and water flow may flow out from two sides of the crack of the rock sample instead of flowing along the shear plane of the crack. The existing rock shearing-seepage test device mainly has the following problems: the sealing test box has limited sealing measures, and the rock can be deformed such as shear shrinkage, shear expansion and the like in the shearing and infiltration process, so that a good water sealing effect cannot be realized; the large shear displacement can not be realized, and the shear penetration test of the rock sample under the action of complex load is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rock shearing-seepage testing machine and a testing method thereof, which realize the real-time test of rock shearing damage and seepage under the state of simulating the triaxial stress of a rock, wherein two second polyurethane water-sealing bags and two first polyurethane water-sealing bags are sequentially connected end to form a square shape, namely, a seamless sealing ring is formed around a rock sample crack, and the rock sample can be effectively sealed no matter the rock sample is in shearing shrinkage, shearing expansion or dislocation relative movement.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the rock shearing-seepage testing machine comprises a sealing test box, wherein the sealing test box comprises a hollow frame formed by six outer plates in a detachable mode, a rock sample is arranged in the hollow frame, a Z-axis loading plate is arranged at the upper end of the rock sample, an upper X-axis loading plate and a lower X-axis loading plate are arranged on two sides of the X-axis direction of the rock sample, an upper Y-axis loading plate and a lower Y-axis loading plate are arranged on two sides of the Y-axis direction of the rock sample, a first sealing assembly is arranged between the upper X-axis loading plate and the lower X-axis loading plate, a water seepage cavity is formed between the first sealing assembly and the rock, the first sealing assembly comprises an arc-shaped elastic metal sleeve, an opening of the elastic metal sleeve faces outwards and is connected with the corresponding outer plates through supporting plates, a first polyurethane water sealing bag is arranged in the elastic metal sleeve, and a second polyurethane water sealing bag is arranged between the upper Y-axis, the end part of the second polyurethane water sealing bag is connected with the end part of the first polyurethane water sealing bag.
Furthermore, the second polyurethane water sealing bag is of a trapezoidal structure, the wider end of the second polyurethane water sealing bag faces the rock sample, and the lower end of the upper Y-axis loading plate and the upper end of the lower Y-axis loading plate are both inclined surfaces matched with the second polyurethane water sealing bag.
Further, the first polyurethane water sealing bag and the second polyurethane water sealing bag are respectively connected with a hydraulic system.
Furthermore, a movable cavity is formed between the upper X-axis loading plate and the outer plate on the same side as the lower X-axis loading plate, and a rubber sleeve is arranged between the upper Y-axis loading plate and the outer plate on the same side as the lower Y-axis loading plate.
Furthermore, the lower end of the upper X-axis loading plate is provided with an upper sealing sheet, the upper end of the lower X-axis loading plate is provided with a lower sealing sheet, the upper end of the elastic metal sleeve abuts against the upper sealing sheet, and the lower end of the elastic metal sleeve abuts against the lower sealing sheet.
Furthermore, water conveying pipelines communicated with the water seepage cavity are arranged in the upper X-axis loading plate and the lower X-axis loading plate.
Furthermore, sealing gaskets are arranged at the corners where the six outer plates are connected and the included angles of the corresponding adjacent loading plates.
The test method of the rock shear-seepage tester comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a rock sample in a hollow frame, respectively filling hydraulic oil into a first polyurethane water sealing bag and a second polyurethane water sealing bag through a hydraulic system to enable the rock sample to reach a set pressure, wherein the first polyurethane water sealing bag is used for supporting an elastic metal sleeve, so that the upper end and the lower end of the first polyurethane water sealing bag are respectively in sealing abutment with an upper sealing sheet and a lower sealing sheet to seal a water seepage cavity, and the second polyurethane water sealing bag is used for sealing the water seepage cavity and two sides of a rock sample crack;
(2) respectively loading set pressures on a Z-axis loading plate, a lower X-axis loading plate, an upper Y-axis loading plate and a lower Y-axis loading plate through a stress loading mechanism to enable a rock mass sample to be in a three-dimensional stress state;
(3) respectively loading set pressure on the two upper X-axis loading plates through a stress loading mechanism, keeping the pressure of the upper X-axis loading plate on the left unchanged, gradually reducing the pressure of the upper X-axis loading plate on the right, performing a shear test on the rock sample, and recording the pressure difference and the displacement of the two upper X-axis loading plates;
(4) the water with set water pressure is introduced into the water seepage cavity on the left side through the water conveying pipeline on the left side through the penetration testing system, the pressure intensity in the first polyurethane water sealing bag and the second polyurethane water sealing bag is larger than the water pressure, the water enters the water seepage cavity on the right side through the crack of the rock sample, the water discharged by the water conveying pipeline on the right side is collected, the water pressure is measured and monitored, and the test of seepage in the shearing direction in the shearing process of the rock sample is realized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the rock shearing-seepage testing machine realizes the real-time test of rock shearing damage and seepage under the condition of simulating the triaxial stress of the rock, and the rock sample is convenient to install and operate; the elastic metal sleeve is matched with the upper sealing sheet and the lower sealing sheet to seal the water seepage cavity, the surface of the elastic metal sleeve is smooth and has certain elasticity, friction can be reduced when a rock sample is sheared and moved, the sealing state is guaranteed in real time, and the first polyurethane water sealing bag is arranged in the elastic metal sleeve and used for supporting the elastic metal sleeve, so that the elastic metal sleeve bears high water pressure, and a high-water-pressure shearing-seepage test is facilitated; two second polyurethane seal water bags and two first polyurethane seal water bags end to end in proper order and have constituted squarely, have formed a seamless sealing washer around the rock sample crack promptly, no matter the rock sample is for cutting contract, cut expand or dislocation relative movement, all can realize effectively sealed, can carry out the experiment of big shear displacement moreover as required.
The second polyurethane water-sealing capsule is of a trapezoidal structure, and the lower end of the upper Y-axis loading plate and the upper end of the lower Y-axis loading plate are inclined surfaces matched with the second polyurethane water-sealing capsule, so that the second polyurethane water-sealing capsule is convenient to position on one hand, and the second polyurethane water-sealing capsule is further attached to a crack of a rock sample when the rock sample is loaded by the upper Y-axis loading plate and the lower Y-axis loading plate on the other hand, and the sealing is further enhanced.
The rock shearing-seepage testing machine can apply different pressures to the upper and lower sides of the rock sample in the X-axis direction and the upper and lower sides of the rock sample in the Y-axis direction according to requirements, and is more convenient to simulate a shearing and seepage test under the action of complex loads.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a rock shear-seepage testing machine according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of B-B in fig. 1.
The device comprises an outer plate 1, a Z-axis loading plate 2, an upper X-axis loading plate 3, a lower X-axis loading plate 4, an upper Y-axis loading plate 5, a lower Y-axis loading plate 6, a stress loading mechanism 7, a movable cavity 8, a rubber sleeve 9, a sealing gasket 10, an upper sealing sheet 11, a lower sealing sheet 12, an elastic metal sleeve 13, a supporting plate 14, a first polyurethane water sealing bag 15, a water seepage cavity 16, a water conveying pipeline 17, a second polyurethane water sealing bag 18, an oil conveying pipe 19 and a rock sample 20.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The terms "upper, lower, left, right" and the like of the present invention are relative to the positional relationship shown in fig. 1.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1-3, the rock shearing-seepage testing machine comprises a sealed test box, the sealed test box comprises a hollow frame composed of six outer plates 1, the six outer plates 1 are respectively a bottom plate, 4 side plates and an upper plate, the 4 side plates enclose a square frame, the lower end is fixedly connected with the bottom plate through threads, the upper end is fixedly connected with the upper end through threads, a rock sample 20 is installed in the hollow frame, a base plate is placed between the lower end of the rock sample 20 and the bottom plate, the upper end of the rock sample 20 is provided with a Z-axis loading plate 2, both sides of the rock sample 20 in the X-axis direction are provided with an upper X-axis loading plate 3 and a lower X-axis loading plate 4, both sides of the rock sample 20 in the Y-axis direction are provided with an upper Y-axis loading plate 5 and a lower Y-axis loading plate 6, the Z-axis loading plate 2, the upper X-axis loading plate 3, the lower X-axis loading plate 4, the upper Y-axis loading plate 5, the stress loading mechanism 7 comprises a hydraulic telescopic cylinder, a pressure sensor and a linear displacement meter (LVDT).
A movable cavity 8 is formed between the upper X-axis loading plate 3 and the lower X-axis loading plate 4 and the outer plate 1 on the same side, and a rubber sleeve 9 is arranged between the upper Y-axis loading plate 5 and the outer plate 1 on the same side and between the lower Y-axis loading plate 6 and the outer plate 1 on the same side. The corners that six planks 1 meet and the contained angle department of the adjacent load plate that corresponds all fill sealed pad 10.
The lower end of an upper X-axis loading plate 3 is fixedly bonded with an upper sealing sheet 11, the upper end of a lower X-axis loading plate 4 is fixedly bonded with a lower sealing sheet 12, a first sealing assembly is arranged between the upper X-axis loading plate 3 and the lower X-axis loading plate 4 and comprises an arc-shaped elastic metal sleeve 13, the opening of the elastic metal sleeve 13 faces outwards and is connected with a corresponding outer plate 1 through a supporting plate 14, a first polyurethane water sealing bag 15 is arranged in the elastic metal sleeve 13, the upper end of the elastic metal sleeve 13 is abutted against the upper sealing sheet 11, the lower end of the elastic metal sleeve is abutted against the lower sealing sheet 12, and a water seepage cavity 16 is formed between the elastic metal sleeve 13 and rocks. The upper X-axis loading plate 3 and the lower X-axis loading plate 4 are internally provided with water conveying pipelines 17 communicated with the water seepage cavity 16, one end of each water conveying pipeline 17 far away from the water seepage cavity 16 is connected with a penetration test system, the penetration test system comprises a water inlet device connected with the water conveying pipeline 17 on the left side and a sensor connected with the water conveying pipeline 17 on the right side and used for monitoring water outlet flow and water pressure, and the water inlet device is a water inlet micro servo pump for controlling water pressure and flow.
A second polyurethane water sealing bag 18 is arranged between the upper Y-axis loading plate 5 and the lower Y-axis loading plate 6, the end part of the second polyurethane water sealing bag 18 is connected with the end part of the first polyurethane water sealing bag 15, and the two second polyurethane water sealing bags 18 and the two first polyurethane water sealing bags 15 are sequentially connected end to form a square. The second polyurethane water sealing capsule 18 is of a trapezoidal structure, the wider end of the second polyurethane water sealing capsule 18 faces the rock sample 20, and the lower end of the upper Y-axis loading plate 5 and the upper end of the lower Y-axis loading plate 6 are both inclined surfaces matched with the second polyurethane water sealing capsule 18. The first polyurethane water sealing bag 15 and the second polyurethane water sealing bag 18 are respectively connected with a servo hydraulic system through an oil pipeline 19, so that the pressure in the first polyurethane water sealing bag 15 and the pressure in the second polyurethane water sealing bag 18 can be conveniently regulated.
Example two
Example a method for testing a rock shear-seepage tester, comprising the steps of:
(1) placing a rock sample 20 in a hollow frame, respectively filling hydraulic oil into a first polyurethane water sealing bag 15 and a second polyurethane water sealing bag 18 through a hydraulic system to enable the rock sample to reach a set pressure, wherein the first polyurethane water sealing bag 15 is used for supporting an elastic metal sleeve 13, and the upper end and the lower end of the elastic metal sleeve are respectively in sealing abutment with an upper sealing sheet 11 and a lower sealing sheet 12 to seal a water seepage cavity 16, and the second polyurethane water sealing bag 18 is used for sealing the water seepage cavity 16 and two sides of a crack of the rock sample 20;
(2) respectively loading set pressures on the Z-axis loading plate 2, the lower X-axis loading plate 4, the upper Y-axis loading plate 5 and the lower Y-axis loading plate 6 through a stress loading mechanism 7 to enable a rock mass sample to be in a three-dimensional stress state, wherein the pressure of the second polyurethane water-sealing bag 18 on the rock is the sum of the pressure in the second polyurethane water-sealing bag 18 and the contact area of the second polyurethane water-sealing bag 18 and the rock sample 20, and the stress on the rock side face in the Y-axis direction of the rock sample 20 is the sum of the pressures of the upper Y-axis loading plate 5, the lower Y-axis loading plate 6 and the second polyurethane water-sealing bag 18 on the rock side face;
(3) respectively loading set pressure on the two upper X-axis loading plates 3 through a stress loading mechanism 7, keeping the pressure of the upper X-axis loading plate 3 on the left unchanged, gradually reducing the pressure of the upper X-axis loading plate 3 on the right, carrying out a shear test on the rock sample 20, and recording the pressure difference and the displacement of the two upper X-axis loading plates 3 to obtain a shear failure curve of the rock sample 20;
(4) water with set water pressure is introduced into the water seepage cavity 16 on the left side through the water conveying pipeline 17 on the left side through the penetration testing system, the pressure intensity in the first polyurethane water sealing bag 15 and the second polyurethane water sealing bag 18 is larger than the water pressure, the water enters the water seepage cavity 16 on the right side through a crack of the rock sample 20, the water discharged by the water conveying pipeline 17 on the right side is collected, the water pressure is measured and monitored, and the test of seepage in the shearing direction in the shearing process of the rock sample 20 is realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. Rock shearing-seepage flow testing machine, including sealed test box, its characterized in that: the sealing test box comprises a hollow frame formed by six outer plates (1) in a detachable mode, a rock sample (20) is arranged in the hollow frame, a Z-axis loading plate (2) is arranged at the upper end of the rock sample (20), an upper X-axis loading plate (3) and a lower X-axis loading plate (4) are arranged on two sides of the X-axis direction of the rock sample (20), an upper Y-axis loading plate (5) and a lower Y-axis loading plate (6) are arranged on two sides of the Y-axis direction of the rock sample (20), a first sealing assembly is arranged between the upper X-axis loading plate (3) and the lower X-axis loading plate (4), a water seepage cavity (16) is formed between the first sealing assembly and the rock, the first sealing assembly comprises an arc-shaped elastic metal sleeve (13), the opening of the elastic metal sleeve (13) faces outwards and is connected with the corresponding outer plate (1) through a supporting plate (14), a first polyurethane water sealing bag (15) is arranged in the elastic metal, a second polyurethane water sealing bag (18) is arranged between the upper Y-axis loading plate (5) and the lower Y-axis loading plate (6), and the end part of the second polyurethane water sealing bag (18) is connected with the end part of the first polyurethane water sealing bag (15).
2. The rock shear-seepage machine of claim 1, wherein: the second polyurethane water sealing bag (18) is of a trapezoidal structure, the wider end of the second polyurethane water sealing bag (18) faces the rock sample (20), and the lower end of the upper Y-axis loading plate (5) and the upper end of the lower Y-axis loading plate (6) are inclined surfaces matched with the second polyurethane water sealing bag (18).
3. The rock shear-seepage machine of claim 1, wherein: the first polyurethane water sealing bag (15) and the second polyurethane water sealing bag (18) are respectively connected with a servo hydraulic system.
4. The rock shear-seepage machine of claim 1, wherein: a movable cavity (8) is formed between the upper X-axis loading plate (3) and the lower X-axis loading plate (4) and the outer plate (1) on the same side, and a rubber sleeve (9) is arranged between the upper Y-axis loading plate (5) and the outer plate (1) on the same side and between the lower Y-axis loading plate (6) and the outer plate (1) on the same side.
5. A rock shear-seepage machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the lower end of the upper X-axis loading plate (3) is provided with an upper sealing sheet (11), the upper end of the lower X-axis loading plate (4) is provided with a lower sealing sheet (12), the upper end of the elastic metal sleeve (13) is abutted against the upper sealing sheet (11), and the lower end of the elastic metal sleeve is abutted against the lower sealing sheet (12).
6. The rock shear-seepage machine of claim 1, wherein: water conveying pipelines (17) communicated with the water seepage cavity (16) are arranged in the upper X-axis loading plate (3) and the lower X-axis loading plate (4).
7. The rock shear-seepage machine of claim 1, wherein: sealing gaskets (10) are arranged at the corners where the six outer plates (1) are connected and the included angles of the corresponding adjacent loading plates.
8. The method of testing a rock shear-seepage machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
(1) placing a rock sample (20) in a hollow frame, respectively filling hydraulic oil into a first polyurethane water sealing bag (15) and a second polyurethane water sealing bag (18) through a hydraulic system to enable the rock sample to reach a set pressure, wherein the first polyurethane water sealing bag (15) is used for supporting an elastic metal sleeve (13), and the upper end and the lower end of the elastic metal sleeve are respectively in sealing abutment with an upper sealing sheet (11) and a lower sealing sheet (12) to realize sealing of a water seepage cavity (16), and the second polyurethane water sealing bag (18) is used for sealing the water seepage cavity (16) and two sides of a crack of the rock sample (20);
(2) respectively loading set pressure on a Z-axis loading plate (2), a lower X-axis loading plate (4), an upper Y-axis loading plate (5) and a lower Y-axis loading plate (6) through a stress loading mechanism (7) to enable a rock mass sample to be in a three-dimensional stress state;
(3) respectively loading set pressure on the two upper X-axis loading plates (3) through a stress loading mechanism (7), keeping the pressure of the upper X-axis loading plate (3) on the left unchanged, gradually reducing the pressure of the upper X-axis loading plate (3) on the right, performing a shear test on the rock sample (20), and recording the pressure difference and the displacement of the two upper X-axis loading plates (3);
(4) water with set water pressure is introduced into the left water seepage cavity (16) through the left water conveying pipeline (17) through the penetration testing system, the pressure in the first polyurethane water sealing bag (15) and the second polyurethane water sealing bag (18) is greater than the water pressure, the water enters the right water seepage cavity (16) through a crack of the rock sample (20), the water discharged from the right water conveying pipeline (17) is collected, the water pressure is measured and monitored, and the test of seepage in the shearing direction in the shearing process of the rock sample (20) is realized.
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| CN111398024A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-10 | 中山大学 | True triaxial rock seepage test loading device and test system |
| CN111811995A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2020-10-23 | 中国地质大学（北京） | Visual test method and system for simulating coarse single-cross fracture multiphase seepage |
| CN112362485A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Multifunctional comprehensive test system and test method for hydrate sediments |
| CN114076726A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2022-02-22 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Compact rock crack seepage testing device under three-dimensional stress condition |
| CN114323910A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-12 | 东北大学 | Method for manufacturing clay-containing interlayer rock joint sample and creep shear test method thereof |
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