CN108519293B - True triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus - Google Patents
True triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN108519293B CN108519293B CN201810223211.XA CN201810223211A CN108519293B CN 108519293 B CN108519293 B CN 108519293B CN 201810223211 A CN201810223211 A CN 201810223211A CN 108519293 B CN108519293 B CN 108519293B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
Abstract
The utility model provides a true triaxial rock shear seepage flow experimental apparatus, relates to rock mechanics experimental facilities, solves the shear experimental apparatus under the current two to stress state, can't carry out the technical problem that simulates to the destruction process of real stratum. Three groups of loading oil cylinders and three groups of loading plates are respectively connected to a hollow square frame from the direction of three axes X, Y, Z, a shearing oil cylinder and an auxiliary shearing oil cylinder are connected to the hollow square frame in the direction of Z axis, and the three groups of loading plates, the shearing plates, the auxiliary shearing plates and a rock test piece are assembled, then placed into a rubber sleeve frame, sealed and placed in a loading chamber; one side of the hollow square frame is provided with a ring pressure injection hole, one side of the hollow square frame in the Y-axis direction is provided with a seepage inlet, the other side of the hollow square frame is provided with a seepage outlet, and the Y-axis loading plate is a porous plate. The invention is used for rock mechanics experiments, realizes the real-time test of rock shearing damage and seepage under the triaxial stress state, and has the advantages of reasonable structural design of the device, convenient experiment operation and scientific test data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to rock mechanics experimental equipment, and particularly relates to a true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental device.
Background
Rock mechanics experiments are important means for researching various mechanical properties of rocks and are the basis for supporting rock mechanics development. Shear seepage in a rock three-dimensional stress state is the basis of major geological disaster research, such as earthquake and landslide generation mechanisms, hydraulic fracturing induced fault activation mechanisms in energy resource development and the like. However, the current shearing experimental devices shear in a two-way stress state, cannot simulate the damage process of a real stratum, and cannot test the permeability change of a shearing seam in the shearing process. Therefore, the shear test under the triaxial stress state is realized, the real-time test of rock shear failure and seepage under the triaxial stress state is solved, and the technical problem in the field is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a true triaxial rock shear seepage experiment device, and solves the technical problems that the existing shear experiment device in a two-way stress state cannot simulate the damage process of a real stratum and cannot test the permeability change in the rock shear process in real time.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus comprises: a frame, characterized in that: the frame is a hollow square frame composed of six surfaces, an X-axis loading oil cylinder, a Y-axis loading oil cylinder and a Z-axis loading oil cylinder are respectively connected to the hollow square frame from the direction of three X, Y, Z axes, two X-axis loading oil cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the direction of the X axis of the hollow square frame, two Y-axis loading oil cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the direction of the Y axis of the hollow square frame, and the Z-axis loading oil cylinders are arranged in the direction of the Z axis of the hollow square frame; the two X-axis loading oil cylinders are respectively contacted with two X-axis loading plates, the two Y-axis loading oil cylinders are respectively contacted with two Y-axis loading plates, the two Z-axis loading oil cylinders are contacted with two Z-axis loading plates, and the other two Z-axis loading plates are symmetrically arranged between the hollow square frame and the rock test piece; a shearing oil cylinder is arranged on the Z-axis loading oil cylinder, an auxiliary shearing oil cylinder is arranged on the hollow square frame at a position symmetrical to the shearing oil cylinder, the shearing oil cylinder is in contact with a shearing plate, and the auxiliary shearing oil cylinder is in contact with the auxiliary shearing plate; the six planes of the X-axis loading plate, the Y-axis loading plate, the Z-axis loading plate, the shear plate, the auxiliary shear plate and the rock test piece are jointed and assembled, then are placed in a rubber sleeve frame formed by connecting twelve edges and are placed in a loading chamber at the center of the hollow square frame; one side of the hollow square frame is provided with a ring pressure injection hole, so that ring pressure fluid can enter the loading chamber and tightly press the rubber sleeve frame; and a seepage inlet is arranged on one side of the hollow square frame in the Y-axis direction, a seepage outlet is arranged on the other side of the hollow square frame, and a Y-axis loading plate which is positioned on the same plane with the shearing direction is a porous plate.
Further, the Z-axis loading plate is arranged in parallel with the shear plate or the auxiliary shear plate.
Further, the X-axis loading oil cylinder, the Y-axis loading oil cylinder and the Z-axis loading oil cylinder are driven by a servo pump, are independently loaded, and maintain constant pressure through PID.
Further, the Z-axis loading oil cylinder is linked with the shearing oil cylinder.
Compared with the prior art, the shear failure test method can realize the shear failure test of the rock test piece in a triaxial stress state. Because the rubber sleeve frame sealing mode is adopted, the loading plate and the shearing plate are wrapped by annular pressure, the series flow between the surfaces is prevented, and the rigid force is transmitted to the rubber sleeve without damaging the rubber sleeve, so that the test of the seepage flow in the shearing direction in the rock shearing process can be ensured, the damage process of a real stratum can be simulated, and a scientific basis is provided for major geological disaster research.
The invention is used for rock mechanics experiments, realizes the real-time test of rock shearing damage and seepage under the triaxial stress state, and has the advantages of reasonable structural design of the device, convenient experiment operation and scientific test data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram (side view) of a true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the rubber sleeve frame.
Wherein: 1-1 is an X-axis loading oil cylinder, 1-2 is a Y-axis loading oil cylinder, 1-3 is a Z-axis loading oil cylinder, 2-1 is a shearing oil cylinder, 2-2 is an auxiliary shearing oil cylinder, 3 is a rubber sleeve frame, 4-1 is an X-axis loading plate, 4-2 is a Y-axis loading plate, 4-3 is a Z-axis loading plate, 4-4 is a shearing plate, 4-5 is an auxiliary shearing plate, 5 is a hollow square frame, 6 is a rock test piece, 7 is a loading chamber, 8 is a ring pressure injection hole, 9 is a seepage inlet, and 10 is a seepage outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described in the following with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus includes: the frame is a hollow square frame 5 composed of six surfaces, the hollow square frame 5 is respectively connected with an X-axis loading oil cylinder 1-1, a Y-axis loading oil cylinder 1-2 and a Z-axis loading oil cylinder 1-3 from the direction of three axes X, Y, Z, the number of the X-axis loading oil cylinders 1-1 is two, the X-axis loading oil cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the direction of the X axis of the hollow square frame 5, the number of the Y-axis loading oil cylinders 1-2 is two, the Y-axis loading oil cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the direction of the Y axis of the hollow square frame 5, and the Z-axis loading oil cylinders 1-3 are arranged in the direction of the Z axis of the hollow square frame 5;
the two X-axis loading oil cylinders 1-1 are respectively contacted with two X-axis loading plates 4-1, the two Y-axis loading oil cylinders 1-2 are respectively contacted with two Y-axis loading plates 4-2, the Z-axis loading oil cylinders 1-3 are contacted with the Z-axis loading plates 4-3, two Z-axis loading plates 4-3 are arranged, and the other one of the two Z-axis loading plates is symmetrically arranged between the hollow square frame 5 and the rock test piece 6;
a shearing oil cylinder 2-1 is arranged on the Z-axis loading oil cylinder 1-3, an auxiliary shearing oil cylinder 2-2 is arranged at a position symmetrical to the shearing oil cylinder 2-1 on the hollow square frame 5, the shearing oil cylinder 2-1 is in contact with a shearing plate 4-4, and the auxiliary shearing oil cylinder 2-2 is in contact with an auxiliary shearing plate 4-5;
after six planes of the X-axis loading plate 4-1, the Y-axis loading plate 4-2, the Z-axis loading plate 4-3, the shear plate 4-4, the auxiliary shear plate 4-5 and the rock test piece 6 are jointed and assembled, the six planes are placed into a rubber sleeve frame 3 (refer to figure 3) formed by connecting twelve edges and are placed in a loading chamber 7 in the center of the hollow square frame 5;
one side of the hollow square frame 5 is provided with a ring pressure injection hole 8, so that ring pressure fluid can enter a loading chamber 7 to tightly press the rubber sleeve frame 3;
and a seepage inlet 9 is arranged on one side of the hollow square frame 5 in the Y-axis direction, a seepage outlet 10 is arranged on the other side of the hollow square frame 5, and the Y-axis loading plate 4-2 which is positioned on the same plane with the shearing direction is a porous plate.
The Z-axis loading plate 4-3 is arranged in parallel with the shear plate 4-4 or the auxiliary shear plate 4-5.
The X-axis loading oil cylinder 1-1, the Y-axis loading oil cylinder 1-2 and the Z-axis loading oil cylinder 1-3 are driven by a servo pump, are independently loaded, and maintain constant pressure through PID.
And the Z-axis loading oil cylinder 1-3 is linked with the shearing oil cylinder 2-1.
The use method of the invention comprises the following steps:
pressurizing an auxiliary shearing oil cylinder 2-2 to enable the end surface of the oil cylinder and the inner side surface of a loading chamber 7 to be in the same plane;
enclosing six planes of a rock test piece 6 by using an X-axis loading plate 4-1, a Y-axis loading plate 4-2, a Z-axis loading plate 4-3, a shear plate 4-4 and an auxiliary shear plate 4-5, attaching and assembling the surfaces, then loading the surfaces into a rubber sleeve frame 3, placing the rubber sleeve frame into a loading chamber 7 at the center of a hollow square frame 5, and checking the sealing condition of the rubber sleeve frame 3 of the loading chamber;
respectively loading the X-axis loading oil cylinder 1-1, the Y-axis loading oil cylinder 1-2 and the Z-axis loading oil cylinder 1-3 to enable the rock test piece 6 to be in a three-dimensional stress state;
fourthly, injecting ring pressure fluid from the ring pressure injection hole 8, and pressing the rubber sleeve frame 3 tightly;
increasing the pressure of the shearing oil cylinder 2-1 to a set value, keeping the pressure of the shearing oil cylinder unchanged, gradually reducing the pressure of the auxiliary shearing oil cylinder 2-2, and carrying out a shearing test on the rock test piece 6;
sixthly, measuring the pressure difference and the displacement of the shearing oil cylinder 2-1 and the auxiliary shearing oil cylinder 2-2 to obtain a rock shearing failure curve;
and injecting fluid with constant pressure into the seepage inlet 3-1, collecting and metering the fluid at the seepage outlet 3-2, and testing the seepage in the shearing direction in the rock shearing process.
The invention consists of a triaxial stress loading system, a shearing system and a seepage testing system.
The triaxial stress loading system comprises three groups of loading oil cylinders and three groups of loading plates which are orthogonally arranged, and stress loading is finished from the X direction, the Y direction and the Z direction respectively to simulate the formation pressure. The loading oil cylinders are driven by the servo pump, the measured stroke of the oil cylinder is the deformation of the rock test piece, the pressure is kept constant through PID, and the three groups of loading oil cylinders are loaded independently.
The shearing system comprises a shearing oil cylinder and an auxiliary shearing oil cylinder, the shearing oil cylinder transmits force to the shearing plate, and the auxiliary shearing plate tracks pressure through the auxiliary shearing oil cylinder. The loading oil cylinder and the shearing oil cylinder which are positioned on the same side of the shearing oil cylinder have a linkage effect, and when the loading oil cylinder moves towards the loading direction, the loading oil cylinder drives the shearing oil cylinder to move together, so that the shearing plate and the loading plate move forward simultaneously. When the pressure of the shearing oil cylinder is greater than that of the loading oil cylinder, the shearing plate moves independently, and when the pressure of the auxiliary shearing oil cylinder is reduced, the auxiliary shearing plate moves backwards to complete shearing of the rock test piece. And maintaining the shearing oil cylinder at a constant pressure, gradually reducing the pressure of the auxiliary loading oil cylinder to form a stress difference between the shearing oil cylinder and the auxiliary shearing oil cylinder, and shearing and damaging the test piece when the stress difference is greater than the shear strength of the test piece under the three-dimensional stress condition.
The seepage test system comprises a seepage inlet and a seepage outlet, wherein the loading plate which is positioned on the same plane with the shearing direction is a porous plate, so that the seepage test in the shearing direction in the rock shearing process can be realized. And in the shearing process, injecting fluid into the test piece from the seepage inlet, and measuring the seepage flow of the fluid through the seepage outlet to obtain the permeability change in the shearing process.
Under the condition of prefabricating cracks in advance, fluid is injected into the test piece through the seepage inlet, and the rock shear deformation characteristic under the action of the fluid can be researched.
The sealing mode of the device is rubber sleeve frame sealing, and the rubber sleeve frame is a frame structure formed by connecting twelve edges, so that six planes of the rock test piece can be surrounded by the peripheries surrounded by the X-axis loading plate, the Y-axis loading plate, the Z-axis loading plate, the shearing plate and the auxiliary shearing plate, fluid can be prevented from streaming between the surfaces through ring pressure, and the rigid force is transmitted to the rubber sleeve without damaging the rubber sleeve. The hollow square frame is provided with a liquid injection hole, fluid with certain pressure is injected to the periphery of the rubber sleeve, and the rubber sleeve is sealed with the loading plate and the shearing plate under the action of the fluid pressure to prevent seepage of the fluid.
According to the invention, triaxial loading and shear loading are combined together, so that a rock test piece can be subjected to a shear failure test under triaxial pressure, and meanwhile, a test of seepage in a shear direction in a rock shearing process can be realized.
As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus comprises: a frame, characterized in that: the frame is a hollow square frame (5) composed of six surfaces, the hollow square frame (5) is respectively connected with an X-axis loading oil cylinder (1-1), a Y-axis loading oil cylinder (1-2) and a Z-axis loading oil cylinder (1-3) from the direction of three axes X, Y, Z, the number of the X-axis loading oil cylinders (1-1) is two, the X-axis loading oil cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the direction of the X axis of the hollow square frame (5), the number of the Y-axis loading oil cylinders (1-2) is two, the Y-axis loading oil cylinders are symmetrically arranged in the direction of the Y axis of the hollow square frame (5), and the Z-axis loading oil cylinders (1-3) are arranged in the direction of the Z axis of the hollow square frame (5);
the two X-axis loading oil cylinders (1-1) are respectively contacted with two X-axis loading plates (4-1), the two Y-axis loading oil cylinders (1-2) are respectively contacted with the two Y-axis loading plates (4-2), the Z-axis loading oil cylinders (1-3) are contacted with the Z-axis loading plates (4-3), and the two Z-axis loading plates (4-3) are symmetrically arranged between the hollow square frame (5) and the rock test piece (6);
a shearing oil cylinder (2-1) is arranged on the Z-axis loading oil cylinder (1-3), an auxiliary shearing oil cylinder (2-2) is arranged on the hollow square frame (5) at a position symmetrical to the shearing oil cylinder (2-1), the shearing oil cylinder (2-1) is in contact with a shearing plate (4-4), and the auxiliary shearing oil cylinder (2-2) is in contact with the auxiliary shearing plate (4-5);
six planes of the X-axis loading plate (4-1), the Y-axis loading plate (4-2), the Z-axis loading plate (4-3), the shear plate (4-4), the auxiliary shear plate (4-5) and the rock test piece (6) are attached and assembled, then are placed into a rubber sleeve frame (3) formed by connecting twelve edges and are placed in a loading chamber (7) in the center of the hollow square frame (5), and a ring pressure injection hole (8) is formed in one side of the hollow square frame (5) and can enable ring pressure fluid to enter the loading chamber (7) to press the rubber sleeve frame (3) tightly;
and a seepage inlet (9) is arranged on one side of the hollow square frame (5) in the Y-axis direction, a seepage outlet (10) is arranged on the other side of the hollow square frame, and a Y-axis loading plate (4-2) which is positioned on the same plane with the shearing direction is a porous plate.
2. The true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the Z-axis loading plate (4-3) and the shear plate (4-4) or the auxiliary shear plate (4-5) are arranged in parallel.
3. The true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the X-axis loading oil cylinder (1-1), the Y-axis loading oil cylinder (1-2) and the Z-axis loading oil cylinder (1-3) are driven by a servo pump, are independently loaded, and maintain constant pressure through PID.
4. The true triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the Z-axis loading oil cylinder (1-3) is linked with the shearing oil cylinder (2-1).
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| CN201810223211.XA CN108519293B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | True triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus |
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| CN201810223211.XA CN108519293B (en) | 2018-03-19 | 2018-03-19 | True triaxial rock shear seepage experimental apparatus |
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| CN111965091A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-11-20 | 中南大学 | Rock seepage characteristic testing device and method under thermal shock and dynamic shock coupling |
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| CN113686695A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Rock friction test device |
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