CN109507085B - True triaxial experiment device and method for simulating multidirectional seepage of soil and stone materials - Google Patents
True triaxial experiment device and method for simulating multidirectional seepage of soil and stone materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN109507085B CN109507085B CN201811632577.9A CN201811632577A CN109507085B CN 109507085 B CN109507085 B CN 109507085B CN 201811632577 A CN201811632577 A CN 201811632577A CN 109507085 B CN109507085 B CN 109507085B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
Abstract
A true triaxial experimental device for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil and stone material and a method thereof comprise a water supply tank, a model box, a pressure device and a particle collecting device, wherein the model box is divided into an external box body and an internal cavity; the top steel plate operating platform is provided with a top cover plate; the other five surfaces of the external box body are made of steel plates, and one part of the left, rear and bottom steel plates is a movable steel plate; the fixed steel plate and the movable steel plate form an external box body in an original state; the cavity in the model box is positioned in the front of the left lower corner of the external box body, and when the movable steel plate is pushed to the maximum pushing position in the box body, a cavity is generated in the model box; a top particle collecting cavity is arranged on the top cover plate; each group of hydraulic oil cylinders in the pressure device corresponds to a set of counter-force support, and the counter-force support is connected with the oil cylinder through a counter-force rib plate and a connecting rod. The invention can effectively simulate the seepage condition in the soil material under the complex stress condition, realize the stable loading and the accurate control of different stresses in three directions, and implement and develop the seepage experiment of various seepage paths.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a true triaxial experimental device and a true triaxial experimental method for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil material, and belongs to the technical field of experimental theories. The experimental device is particularly suitable for experimental research on seepage mechanism and seepage-proofing measures of the soil and stone materials, and can be applied to experimental research on seepage deformation and damage mechanism of large hydraulic engineering, geotechnical buildings and complex structures under the conditions of large burial depth, high confining pressure and multidirectional seepage, so that the small-scale indoor seepage model test can meet the research and application of seepage-proofing and seepage-proofing of large engineering.
Background
The first national water conservancy general survey data shows that nearly 10 thousands of reservoir dams are built in China, and the number of 100m high earth-rock dams reaches hundreds. With the shift of the center of gravity of national resource construction and development, a large amount of water resources in the middle and western parts are gradually promoted to develop and utilize a schedule, and a series of 200 m-grade and even 300 m-grade ultra-high earth-rock dams are already researched and built or started. Seepage is one of three problems of earth-rock dams in the field of geotechnical engineering, the safety problem of the dam exceeding 2/3 including dam break in the world is closely related to seepage, high dam reservoirs built by the water conservancy development in the middle and western parts are often remote and have large reservoir capacity, once the safety problem caused by seepage has no problem, the consequence is not supposed, and therefore, the research on reinforcing seepage mechanism and seepage prevention measures of the ultra-high earth-rock dam is urgent.
At present, the experimental device for seepage at home and abroad mainly comprises a triaxial seepage instrument and a water tank seepage instrument, the scale and the size of a model are small, the real gradation of the filling dam material of the earth-rock dam is difficult to restore, and the authenticity and the reliability of seepage research are directly influenced; meanwhile, as mentioned above, most of the existing seepage experimental devices are limited to one-way seepage, and the seepage path in the high dam of the reservoir is extremely complex, so that the research developed only aiming at single horizontal or vertical seepage obviously cannot meet the research requirements of actual engineering and theory; in the aspect of large-scale seepage experiments, although partial instruments can meet the similarity criteria and adopt real grading to carry out the seepage experiments, the stress loading mode and the stress level still have larger difference from the actual high dam, and the experimental conditions are not provided for carrying out deep and effective research on the seepage characteristics of the ultra-high earth-rock dam.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the consideration, in order to comprehensively and reliably carry out research on the seepage characteristics under high confining pressure and analyze related seepage-proofing and seepage-proofing measures, and make up for the defects of the existing experimental equipment and device, the invention provides a true triaxial experimental device and a method for simulating the multidirectional seepage of a soil material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a true triaxial experimental device and method for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil and stone material comprises a water supply tank, a model box, a pressure device and a particle collecting device, and is characterized in that the model box is divided into an external box body and an internal cavity, the external box body and the internal cavity are both of cuboid structures, a steel plate on the top surface of the box body extends outwards to form a top steel plate operating platform, and a top cover plate is arranged above the top steel plate operating platform; the front (front), the back (back), the left (left), the right (right) and the bottom (bottom) of the external box body are all made of steel plates, and one part of the steel plates on the left (left), the back (back) and the bottom (bottom) is a movable steel plate (respectively called as a lateral movable steel plate, a bottom movable steel plate and a back movable steel plate), and the movable steel plate can slide back and forth along the vertical direction of the plate surface; the rest steel plates are fixed steel plates; the fixed steel plate and the movable steel plate are positioned on the same plane in the original state to form an external box body; the whole left (left) and front (right-front) steel plates are fixed steel plates; the inner cavity of the model box is positioned in the front of the left lower corner of the external box body, and when the movable steel plate is pushed to the position where the inner part of the box body reaches the maximum pushing position, a hollow chamber is formed in the model box by the movable steel plate, the fixed steel plate and the side wall of the inner cavity; a top particle collecting cavity is arranged on the top cover plate; the pressure device comprises a hydraulic oil cylinder and a reaction frame, the hydraulic oil cylinder consists of a left hydraulic oil cylinder, a right-back hydraulic oil cylinder and a bottom hydraulic oil cylinder, the left hydraulic oil cylinder is in one group, the oil cylinder is in contact with a first steel plate of a left movable steel plate, the right-front hydraulic oil cylinder is in two groups, the oil cylinders are in contact with the right-front movable steel plate, the bottom hydraulic oil cylinder is in two groups, and the oil cylinders are in contact with a bottom movable steel plate; each group of hydraulic oil cylinders corresponds to a set of counter-force support, the counter-force supports are positioned on the outer sides of the oil cylinders, and the counter-force supports are connected with the oil cylinders through counter-force rib plates and connecting rods.
The top steel plate operation platform is a platform formed by steel plates at the outer edges of the top of the model box, and is convenient for tamping a soil sample before experiment development and observing the soil sample from the upper part after opening a top cover plate after the experiment is finished.
This 3 key effects of steel sheet operation platform lie in providing the rigidity stationary plane for top apron 4, and top steel sheet operation platform 3 is a rectangle plane, and four apex angle departments have seted up and have been used hydraulic nut 16 matched with nut hole with top apron 4 is fixed. If there is not top steel sheet operation platform 3, there are only 4 limit walls at model case top and 4 contact sites on top apron, are fixed with the degree of difficulty, and are difficult to provide effective rigid support when the experimentation especially three-dimensional loading.
More specifically, the water supply tank of the present invention has a single chamber structure, and includes a water level regulating container and a pressure pump, the water tank is directly connected to an external water source through a water supply pipeline via the pressure pump, the water level regulating container is located on the inner wall of the water tank to control the water level of the tank, a hole groove is formed in the center of the bottom of the chamber, one end of a PVC water pipe is connected to the hole groove, the other end of the PVC water pipe is connected to a mold box, and an inflow flow valve and an inflow flow meter are installed on the PVC.
The model case divide into outside box and inside cavity, and outside box all is the cuboid structure with inside cavity, and outside box all makes by the steel sheet except that all the other five faces in top, and box top surface steel sheet outwards extends and constitutes a top steel sheet operation platform, and four apex angle positions of top steel sheet operation platform have been seted up hydraulic nut and have been corresponded the screw. One part of the left steel plate, the right steel plate and the bottom steel plate is a movable steel plate, the movable steel plate can slide back and forth along the vertical direction of the plate surface, the other part of the steel plate is a fixed steel plate, and the fixed steel plate and the movable steel plate are positioned on the same plane in the original state to form an external box body; right side, just forward the steel sheet monoblock be fixed steel sheet, and the top is an apron, and the apron size is the same with top steel sheet operation platform, can laminate completely on top steel sheet operation platform and correspond screw department at four apex angle positions of platform and open there is the slotted hole for the apron can be fixed on top steel sheet operation platform through hydraulic nut. The inner cavity of the model box is positioned in the front part of the left lower corner of the external box body, and when the movable steel plate is pushed to the position where the inner part of the box body reaches the maximum pushing position, the movable steel plate, the fixed steel plate and the side wall of the inner cavity form an experimental inner cavity in the model box; the fixed steel plate on the right side and the top cover plate are of a double-layer structure and comprise a first steel plate and a second steel plate, the first steel plate is arranged on the outer side of the second steel plate, the first steel plate and the second steel plate are completely attached and overlapped, the first steel plate can be replaced, and the second steel plate cannot be replaced.
The particle collecting device is composed of a top particle collecting cavity and a particle collecting cavity corresponding to the outflow position on the right side, the top particle collecting cavity is of a stainless steel cuboid structure, a plurality of groups of separating rigid plates are transversely and longitudinally distributed in the cavity, the top particle collecting cavity is fixed on a first steel plate of a top cover plate, a slotted hole is formed in the bottom of the top particle collecting cavity, namely the contact surface of the top particle collecting cavity and the first steel plate of the top cover plate, a large water outlet hole is formed in the top surface of the top particle collecting cavity, and a water outlet hose is sleeved at the water outlet hole; the right side granule is collected the cavity and is a stainless steel cuboid structure, and horizontal, longitudinal distribution has the multiunit to separate the rigid board in the cavity, and the right side granule is collected the cavity and is fixed in the first steel sheet outside of side direction infiltration mouth, and the cavity is collected to the side direction granule inboard, and the first steel sheet contact surface department of fixed steel sheet on the right side opens slotted hole promptly, and the cavity lateral surface is collected to the right side granule has seted up great apopore, and the apopore department cover has a water hose.
And rubber water stop strips are arranged between the left side, the right back and the bottom movable steel plates and the side wall of the inner cavity.
And a water inlet is formed in the left movable steel plate and is connected with an external water supply device through a PVC water pipe.
The bottom movable steel plate is provided with a water inlet, and the water inlet is connected with an external water supply device through a PVC water pipe.
And an inflow flow control valve and an inflow flow meter are arranged on the PVC water pipe at the water inlet of the left movable steel plate.
And an inflow flow control valve and an inflow flow meter are arranged on the PVC water pipe at the water inlet of the movable steel plate of the bottom plate.
A plurality of sight windows are formed in the forward fixing steel plate and are sealed by organic glass.
A plurality of pore grooves are reserved on the forward fixed steel plate, and sensor wires can be connected out of the pore grooves after the sensors are arranged in the model box.
The first steel plate is provided with a plurality of fine holes, the second steel plate is provided with a plurality of coarse holes, and the circle center of each coarse hole corresponds to one fine hole.
The bottom slotted hole distribution and the diameter of the top particle collecting cavity are completely consistent with those of the second steel plate of the top cover plate.
The bottom slotted hole distribution and the diameter of the right particle collecting cavity are completely consistent with those of the second steel plate of the lateral fixed steel plate.
And an outflow flow valve and an outflow flow meter are arranged on the water outlet hose at the top particle collecting cavity.
And an outflow flow valve and an outflow flowmeter are arranged on the water outlet hose at the right particle collecting cavity.
The technical scheme for completing the second invention task of the application is that the application method of the true triaxial experimental device for simulating the multidirectional seepage of the soil and stone materials is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the type of the experimental earth stone material, and selecting and inserting a first steel plate corresponding to the pore diameter of the fine pore;
step two: reducing the strokes of all three groups of hydraulic oil cylinders to make all the movable steel plates return to the initial state, namely the movable steel plates and the fixed steel plates are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
step three: opening a top cover plate, and filling experimental rock and soil materials into the outer box body of the model box in a layered mode;
step four: burying the filled soil and stone materials into a sensor required by research after a certain thickness is achieved, performing layered compaction operation on the soil and stone materials on a top steel plate operation platform, and recording the quality and the final filling height of each layer of soil and stone materials;
step five: and after the soil and stone material is filled, closing the top cover plate, and fixing the top cover plate on the upper surface of the top steel plate operation platform through a hydraulic nut.
Step six: a water inlet at the left movable steel plate or the bottom movable steel plate is connected to an external water source through a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) water pipe, an inflow flow valve at the water inlet is opened and kept at a certain opening degree, the stable flow and the small reading on the inflow flow meter are ensured, and the outflow flow valve is opened;
step seven: observing and recording the reading of the outflow flow meter, closing the inflow flow valve after the outflow reading is gradually stable and approaches to the inflow reading, and keeping the outflow flow valve in an open state;
step eight: starting a hydraulic oil cylinder, applying thrust to the contact movable steel plate according to set power, and controlling a certain speed in the process of pushing the movable steel plate by the hydraulic oil cylinder to ensure stable pushing to the maximum stroke value of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
step nine: opening the inflow flow valve again, applying set pressure to inflow water by changing the water head of an external water supply device and keeping the inflow water stable, and then recording the outflow flow value at intervals of fixed time;
step ten: if the outflow flow is stable and unchanged, closing the inflow flow valve after recording a certain outflow group; if the outflow flow changes slowly, continuously recording the change condition in the organic glass observation window by adopting an image recording device, continuously recording the outflow flow until the outflow flow exceeds a preset control value, and closing the inflow flow valve;
step eleven: calculating the permeability coefficient of the experimental rock-soil material by applying Darcy formula k to delta Q/Is delta t; in the formula, k is the permeability coefficient of the soil and stone material to be solved, delta t is the seepage duration, delta Q is delta t, the flow is recorded at the moment, s is the cross section area of the overflowing section, and I is the seepage hydraulic gradient.
The device can effectively reduce the seepage condition in the soil and stone materials under various complex stresses, can realize stable loading and accurate control of different stresses in three directions, and can implement seepage experiments of various seepage paths such as horizontal and vertical seepage paths. The defects that the actual grading condition of earth and rockfill dam filling materials cannot be restored due to small patent scale and small size, the authenticity and reliability of seepage research are influenced due to low stress level and the like in the prior art are overcome; meanwhile, the defect that most of the existing seepage experimental devices are limited to unidirectional seepage is overcome.
Drawings
The invention is further described by the following patent application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view (rear view) of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a loading system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the middle panel of the present invention patent;
FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the patent base of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a top plan view of the patent top plate of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the face A of the panel according to the present invention (rear view);
FIG. 7 is a schematic view (front view) of the panel of the present invention shown on side B;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the face C of the panel according to the present invention (left side view);
fig. 9 is a schematic view of the panel of the present invention shown on D-side (right side view).
The reference numerals have the meanings: 1-base hydraulic cylinder reaction frame, 2-side plate support, 3-top steel plate operation platform, 4-top cover plate, 5-bottom movable steel plate, 6-bottom fixed steel plate, 7-rear hydraulic cylinder reaction frame, 8-rear movable steel plate, 9-lateral movable steel plate, 10-top particle collection cavity, 11-lateral hydraulic cylinder, 12-bottom hydraulic cylinder, 13-rear hydraulic cylinder, 14-bottom water inlet and outlet, 15-top panel water seepage port, 16-hydraulic nut, 17-view window, 18-sensor wire hole groove, 19-lateral water inlet, and 20-lateral panel water seepage port.
Detailed Description
The method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the type of the experimental earth stone material, and selecting and inserting a first steel plate corresponding to the pore diameter of the fine pore;
step two: reducing the strokes of all three groups of hydraulic oil cylinders to make all the movable steel plates return to the initial state, namely the movable steel plates and the fixed steel plates are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
step three: opening a top cover plate, and filling experimental rock and soil materials into the outer box body of the model box in a layered mode;
step four: burying the filled soil and stone materials into a sensor required by research after a certain thickness is achieved, performing layered compaction operation on the soil and stone materials on a top steel plate operation platform, and recording the quality and the final filling height of each layer of soil and stone materials;
step five: and after the soil and stone material is filled, closing the top cover plate, and fixing the top cover plate on the upper surface of the top steel plate operation platform through a hydraulic nut.
Step six: a water inlet at the left movable steel plate or the bottom movable steel plate is connected to an external water source through a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) water pipe, an inflow flow valve at the water inlet is opened and kept at a certain opening degree, the stable flow and the small reading on the inflow flow meter are ensured, and the outflow flow valve is opened;
step seven: observing and recording the reading of the outflow flow meter, closing the inflow flow valve after the outflow reading is gradually stable and approaches to the inflow reading, and keeping the outflow flow valve in an open state;
step eight: starting a hydraulic oil cylinder, applying thrust to the contact movable steel plate according to set power, and controlling a certain speed in the process of pushing the movable steel plate by the hydraulic oil cylinder to ensure stable pushing to the maximum stroke value of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
step nine: opening the inflow flow valve again, applying set pressure to inflow water by changing the water head of an external water supply device and keeping the inflow water stable, and then recording the outflow flow value at intervals of fixed time;
step ten: if the outflow flow is stable and unchanged, closing the inflow flow valve after recording a certain outflow group; if the outflow flow changes slowly, continuously recording the change condition in the organic glass observation window by adopting an image recording device, continuously recording the outflow flow until the outflow flow exceeds a preset control value, and closing the inflow flow valve;
step eleven: calculating the permeability coefficient of the experimental rock-soil material by applying Darcy formula k to delta Q/Is delta t; in the formula, k is the permeability coefficient of the soil and stone material to be solved, delta t is the seepage duration, delta Q is delta t, the flow is recorded at the moment, s is the cross section area of the overflowing section, and I is the seepage hydraulic gradient.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention designs a brand-new true triaxial experimental device and method for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil material for the first time, which can effectively reduce seepage conditions in the soil material under various complex stresses, realize stable loading and accurate control of different stresses in three directions, and can develop seepage experiments for realizing various seepage paths such as horizontal and vertical seepage. The experimental study of the seepage mechanism and the seepage-proofing and seepage-proofing measures of the soil and stone materials can be effectively met, and the experimental study can be applied to the experimental study of the seepage deformation and damage mechanism of large hydraulic engineering, geotechnical buildings and complex structures under the conditions of large burial depth, high confining pressure and various seepage directions.
Claims (10)
1. A true triaxial experimental device for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil and stone material comprises a water supply tank, a model box, a pressure device and a particle collecting device, and is characterized in that the model box is divided into an external box body and an internal cavity, the external box body and the internal cavity are both of cuboid structures, a steel plate on the top surface of the box body extends outwards to form a top steel plate operating platform, and a top cover plate is arranged above the top steel plate operating platform; the front, the back, the left, the right and the bottom of the external box body are all made of steel plates, one part of the steel plates on the left, the back and the bottom is a movable steel plate which is respectively called as a lateral movable steel plate, a bottom movable steel plate and a positive back movable steel plate, and the movable steel plate can slide back and forth along the vertical direction of the plate surface; the rest steel plates are fixed steel plates; the fixed steel plate and the movable steel plate are positioned on the same plane in the original state to form an external box body; the whole left and front steel plates are fixed steel plates; the inner cavity of the model box is positioned in the front of the left lower corner of the external box body, and when the movable steel plate is pushed to the position where the inner part of the box body reaches the maximum pushing position, a hollow chamber is formed in the model box by the movable steel plate, the fixed steel plate and the side wall of the inner cavity; a top particle collecting cavity is arranged on the top cover plate; the pressure device comprises hydraulic cylinders and a reaction frame, the hydraulic cylinders consist of a left hydraulic cylinder, a right-back hydraulic cylinder and a bottom hydraulic cylinder, the left hydraulic cylinders are in one group, the hydraulic cylinders are in contact with the lateral movable steel plate, the right-back hydraulic cylinders are in two groups, the hydraulic cylinders are in contact with the right-back movable steel plate, the bottom hydraulic cylinders are in two groups, and the hydraulic cylinders are in contact with the bottom movable steel plate; each group of hydraulic oil cylinders corresponds to a set of counter-force support, the counter-force supports are positioned on the outer sides of the oil cylinders, and the counter-force supports are connected with the oil cylinders through counter-force rib plates and connecting rods.
2. The true triaxial experimental apparatus for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil and stone material as set forth in claim 1, wherein the top steel plate operation platform is a platform formed by steel plates at the outer edges of the top of the model box; the steel plate operating platform provides a rigid fixing surface for the top cover plate, the top steel plate operating platform is a rectangular plane, and nut holes matched with the hydraulic nuts for fixing the top cover plate are formed in four vertex angles.
3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water tank is a single chamber structure, and contains a water level adjusting container and a pressure pump, the water tank is directly connected to an external water source through a water supply pipeline via the pressure pump, the water level adjusting container is located on the inner wall of the water tank to control the water level of the tank, the bottom of the chamber is centrally provided with a hole, one end of the PVC water pipe is connected to the hole, the other end of the PVC water pipe is connected to the mold box, and the PVC water pipe is provided with an inflow flow valve and an inflow flow meter near the hole of the water tank.
4. The true triaxial experimental apparatus for simulating multidirectional seepage of soil and stone materials according to claim 1, wherein the right side fixed steel plate and the top cover plate of the model box are of a double-layer structure and comprise a first steel plate and a second steel plate, wherein the first steel plate is arranged outside the second steel plate, the first steel plate and the second steel plate are completely attached and overlapped, the first steel plate can be replaced, and the second steel plate cannot be replaced.
5. The true triaxial experimental apparatus for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil material according to claim 4, wherein the particle collection apparatus is composed of a top particle collection cavity and a particle collection cavity corresponding to a right outflow, the top particle collection cavity is a stainless steel cuboid structure, a plurality of groups of separation steel plates are transversely and longitudinally distributed in the cavity, the top particle collection cavity is fixed on the first steel plate of the top cover plate, a slot hole is formed in the bottom of the top particle collection cavity, namely the contact surface with the first steel plate of the top cover plate, a larger water outlet hole is formed in the top surface of the top particle collection cavity, and a water outlet hose is sleeved at the water outlet hole; the cavity is collected to right side granule is a stainless steel cuboid structure, and horizontal, longitudinal distribution has the multiunit to separate the steel sheet in the cavity, and the cavity is collected to right side granule is fixed in the first steel sheet outside of side direction infiltration mouth, and the cavity is collected to side direction granule inboard, and the first steel sheet contact surface department of the fixed steel sheet in the right side promptly opens slotted hole, and the cavity lateral surface is collected to right side granule has seted up great apopore, and the apopore department cover has a water hose.
6. The true triaxial experimental apparatus for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil and stone material according to claim 1, wherein rubber water stop strips are arranged between the lateral, rear and bottom movable steel plates and the side wall of the inner cavity;
the lateral movable steel plate is provided with a water inlet which is connected with an external water supply device through a PVC water pipe; the bottom movable steel plate is provided with a water inlet which is connected with an external water supply device through a PVC water pipe; an inflow flow control valve and an inflow flow meter are arranged on the PVC water pipe at the water inlet of the lateral movable steel plate; and an inflow flow control valve and an inflow flow meter are arranged on the PVC water pipe at the water inlet of the bottom movable steel plate.
7. The true triaxial experimental apparatus for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of viewing windows are formed in the forward fixed steel plate, and the viewing windows are sealed by organic glass.
8. The true triaxial experimental apparatus for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil and stone material as claimed in claim 5, wherein a plurality of fine hole slots are reserved on the forward fixed steel plate, and sensor wires are led out from the fine hole slots after a sensor is arranged in the model box; the first steel plate is provided with a plurality of fine holes, the second steel plate is provided with a plurality of coarse holes, and the circle center of each coarse hole corresponds to one fine hole; the bottom slotted hole of the top particle collecting cavity is distributed, and the diameter of the bottom slotted hole is completely consistent with that of the second steel plate of the top cover plate; the bottom slotted hole distribution and the diameter of the right particle collecting cavity are completely consistent with those of the second steel plate of the lateral fixed steel plate.
9. The true triaxial experimental apparatus for simulating multidirectional seepage of a soil material as claimed in claim 8, wherein an outflow flow valve and an outflow flow meter are mounted on the water outlet hose at the top particle collection cavity; and an outflow flow valve and an outflow flowmeter are arranged on the water outlet hose at the right particle collecting cavity.
10. The use method of the true triaxial experimental apparatus for simulating the multidirectional seepage of the earthen materials, which is described in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining the type of the experimental earth stone material, and selecting and inserting a first steel plate corresponding to the pore diameter of the fine pore;
step two: reducing the strokes of all three groups of hydraulic oil cylinders to make all the movable steel plates return to the initial state, namely the movable steel plates and the fixed steel plates are positioned on the same horizontal plane;
step three: opening a top cover plate, and filling experimental soil materials into the outer box body of the model box in layers;
step four: burying the filled soil and stone materials into a sensor required by research after a certain thickness is achieved, performing layered compaction operation on the soil and stone materials on a top steel plate operation platform, and recording the quality and the final filling height of each layer of soil and stone materials;
step five: after the soil and stone materials are filled, closing the top cover plate, and fixing the top cover plate on the upper surface of the top steel plate operation platform through a hydraulic nut;
step six: a water inlet at the lateral movable steel plate or the bottom movable steel plate is connected to an external water source through a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) water pipe, an inflow flow control valve at the water inlet is opened and keeps a certain opening degree, the stable flow and the small reading on an inflow flowmeter are ensured, and an outflow flow valve is opened;
step seven: observing and recording the reading of the outflow flow meter, closing the inflow flow valve after the outflow reading is gradually stable and approaches to the inflow reading, and keeping the outflow flow valve in an open state;
step eight: starting a hydraulic oil cylinder, applying thrust to the contact movable steel plate according to set power, and controlling a certain speed in the process of pushing the movable steel plate by the hydraulic oil cylinder to ensure stable pushing to the maximum stroke value of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
step nine: opening the inflow flow valve again, applying set pressure to inflow water by changing the water head of an external water supply device and keeping the inflow water stable, and then recording the outflow flow value at intervals of fixed time;
step ten: if the outflow flow is stable and unchanged, closing the inflow flow valve after recording a certain outflow group; if the outflow flow changes slowly, continuously recording the change condition in the organic glass observation window by adopting an image recording device, continuously recording the outflow flow until the outflow flow exceeds a preset control value, and closing the inflow flow valve;
step eleven: applications of
Formula (II)
Calculating the permeability coefficient of the experimental rock soil material; in the formula, the first step is that,
in order to obtain the permeability coefficient of the earth-rock material,
in order to be able to determine the duration of the percolation,
is composed of
The flow rate is recorded at any moment,
is the cross-sectional area of the flow cross section,
is a seepage hydraulic gradient.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811632577.9A CN109507085B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | True triaxial experiment device and method for simulating multidirectional seepage of soil and stone materials |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811632577.9A CN109507085B (en) | 2018-12-29 | 2018-12-29 | True triaxial experiment device and method for simulating multidirectional seepage of soil and stone materials |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109507085A CN109507085A (en) | 2019-03-22 |
| CN109507085B true CN109507085B (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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