CN110361314B - Sealing method and device suitable for large three-way loading permeameter - Google Patents
Sealing method and device suitable for large three-way loading permeameter Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 176
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 on the other hand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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Abstract
The sealing method and the device thereof suitable for the large three-way loading permeameter are as follows: restoring all push plates of the instrument to the initial position; a ring-shaped rubber plate is adhered around the water inlet hole of the water inlet push plate and around the water outlet hole of the water outlet plate, and a rubber plate is placed in the test cavity to cover the front surface, the lower surface and the rear surface of the instrument; placing a customized water bag, sequentially placing geotextile and a clip-shaped rubber plate on the water inlet side in the bag body, and placing the clip-shaped rubber plate on the water outlet side; filling the water bag from the top; covering a layer of rubber plate; adding a whole sealing strip in a sealing groove reserved at the top; adding an upper cover of the instrument; applying a certain pressure to each push plate; and (5) introducing water into the instrument, and performing a corresponding permeation test after saturation. The invention solves the problems of seepage and side wall effect in a large three-way loading permeameter model test, ensures that the seepage water flows out after entering the whole soil body from the water inlet hole, and ensures the reasonability of the test path. And the sealing performance of the whole instrument cavity is also ensured under the high water pressure state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a seepage model test sealing system under the action of high stress, and belongs to the technical field of experimental theories. The high-pressure high-water-head seepage flow model is particularly suitable for the integral sealing of a large true triaxial permeameter for the instrument when carrying out high-stress high-water-head seepage model test research, the rationality of a seepage path is ensured, and the side wall effect is reduced.
Background
With the migration of the center of gravity of the national resource construction and development, a large amount of water resources in the middle and western parts are gradually promoted to a development and utilization schedule, a series of 200-level and even 300-level ultra-high earth-rock dams are researched and built by project or start-up, the requirements of research on seepage mechanisms and seepage prevention measures of the ultra-high earth-rock dams cannot be met by the conventional triaxial seepage machine and water tank seepage machine, and a large three-way loading seepage machine needs to be developed to simulate the seepage characteristics of real soil body units under the action of high stress and high water head.
For a large three-way loading permeameter, stress is applied by directly acting on a soil body through a push plate, and a certain cavity is formed at the rear side of the push plate and the side wall of the device along with the movement of the push plate. Because the push plate can slide freely, if no specific water-stopping sealing treatment is carried out in the large three-way loading permeameter, water can flow into the cavity through the gap between the push plate and the side wall so as to influence the permeation test result; in addition, the soil body sample is directly contacted with the side wall, and a piping channel is easily formed at the side wall due to the side wall effect, so that the test result is greatly discounted, and the test reliability is influenced. Meanwhile, in the case of performing a high-water-pressure permeability test, since the water pressure inside the test instrument is high, if the instrument is of a separate type, water is easily ejected from the instrument connection portion, such as a gap between the upper cover and the lower instrument body, thereby causing a danger.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the consideration of the aspects, in order to ensure that the seepage path is consistent with the seepage field of the dam unit to be actually researched, avoid the seepage phenomenon of the unit seepage test and reduce the influence of the side wall effect, the invention provides a novel sealing method and a sealing system, so that the sealing performance and the test safety of the sample around under the high stress state and the high water head action are ensured, and meanwhile, the rationality of the seepage path of the sample can also be ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a sealing method suitable for a large three-way loading permeameter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: restoring all push plates of the instrument to the initial position;
step two: a ring-shaped rubber plate is adhered around the water inlet hole of the water inlet push plate and around the water outlet hole of the water outlet plate, a rubber plate is arranged in the test cavity, the rubber plate covers the front surface, the lower surface and the rear surface (except the water inlet surface, the water outlet surface and the top) of the instrument, and the specific size and model of the rubber plate are determined by the calculated peak shear strength and the thickness of the rubber plate allowed by the instrument;
step three: placing a customized water bag, sequentially placing geotextile and a clip-shaped rubber plate on one side of a water inlet surface in the bag body in sequence, and placing the clip-shaped rubber plate on one side of a water outlet surface;
step four: filling the proportioned test soil sample into the water bag from the top of the water bag, and compacting each layer of rock soil material layer by layer;
step five: covering a layer of rubber plate on the top of the filled water bag;
step six: adding a whole sealing strip in a sealing groove reserved at the top of the instrument, connecting interfaces at two ends of the sealing strip, and fixing the sealing strip by using glue;
step seven: the top of the instrument is covered with an upper cover of the instrument, the instrument is fixed by a hydraulic nut and applies certain pressure, the pressure depends on the test working condition and the target stress level, the hydraulic nut can meet the strength requirement of the joint of the upper cover and the instrument by adding 10-20 Mpa oil pressure under the general condition, and meanwhile, the sealing strip deforms and flattens under the action of high pressure and blocks a middle gap to meet the test sealing requirement;
step eight: giving a certain initial thrust to the push plate in each direction to ensure that the soil sample, the water bag, the rubber plate and the push plate/side wall in the test cavity are in close contact;
step nine: and (5) introducing water into the instrument, and performing a corresponding permeation test after saturation. The customization water pocket, the shape size is according to the experimental cavity size of concrete instrument for wrap up the soil sample, and the water pocket adopts TPU polyurethane soft body, can be used to water storage oil storage, and the material thickening has certain intensity and elasticity, and tensile strength is better. The top opening is used for filling soil samples, and corresponding openings are reserved for water inlet and outlet according to the distribution and shape of the water inlet and the water outlet.
The technical scheme for completing the task of the second invention is that the sealing device used by the method is suitable for a large three-way loading permeameter, and an upper cover is arranged on the main body of the large three-way loading permeameter; the large three-way loading permeameter is provided with a push plate directly acting on a soil body and is characterized in that a water bag used for wrapping a soil sample is arranged, and the inner side (excluding the water inlet surface and the water outlet surface) of a cavity outside the water bag is adhered with a layer of rubber plate with a certain thickness; a layer of square-shaped rubber plate with certain thickness is adhered outside the water inlet of the water inlet surface of the water bag according to the distribution shape of the water inlet holes, and the thickness of the square-shaped rubber plate suitable for the sealing device is 6 mm; a layer of square-shaped rubber plate with certain thickness is adhered to the water outlet surface of the water bag according to the distribution shape of the water outlet holes, and the thickness of the square-shaped rubber plate suitable for the sealing device is 6 mm; the water bag business turn over surface of water inboard all presss from both sides certain thickness trompil rubber slab, and a trompil rubber slab thickness scope suitable for this sealing device is 10~20mm open on the top work platform of large-scale three-way loading permeameter main part has the round recess, and the centre of this recess adds there is the sealing strip.
In other words, the sealing device of the large three-way loading permeameter has the following structure: the customization water pocket, the shape size is according to the experimental cavity size of concrete instrument for wrap up the soil sample, and the water pocket adopts TPU polyurethane soft body, can be used to water storage oil storage, and the material thickening has certain intensity and elasticity, and tensile strength is better. The top opening is used for filling soil samples, and corresponding openings are reserved for water inlet and outlet according to the distribution and shape of the water inlet and the water outlet.
The inner sides (except the water inlet surface and the water outlet surface) of the cavity outside the water bag are all stuck with a layer of rubber plate with a certain thickness, so that water can be prevented from entering the cavity behind the push plate outside the water bag. In addition, in the pressurizing process, the soil sample, the water bag and the rubber plate are in close contact, soil particles at the edge are embedded into the rubber plate through the water bag, and the rubber plate plays a certain buffering role, so that the water bag is prevented from being punctured by the soil particles, on the other hand, pore channels on the side wall can be reduced, and the side wall effect is reduced.
The water inlet surface is used for water inlet, a layer of square-shaped rubber plate with certain thickness is adhered outside the water inlet according to the distribution shape of water inlet holes, and corresponding holes are also formed in the water bag for water inlet. The water bag is internally provided with a layer of geotextile to prevent soil body particles from blocking a water inlet in the pressurizing process, and the inner side of the geotextile is clamped with a perforated rubber plate, so that the water bag and the geotextile can be fixed between the two rubber plates after axial pressurizing, and the water bag is prevented from moving and deforming greatly to form an additional pore channel in the compressing process.
The water outlet plate is adhered with a layer of clip-shaped rubber plate with certain thickness according to the distribution shape of the water outlet holes, corresponding holes are also formed in the water bag for water outlet, the inner side of the water bag is also clamped with a perforated rubber plate, thus the function of fixing the water bag can be realized after pressurization, and the rubber plate at the position of the water outlet plate can also prevent the water outside the water bag from flowing out of the water outlet holes after being tightly pressed with the water bag. Therefore, the water flowing out of the water outlet is ensured to pass through the whole soil body sample, the reasonability of the test seepage path is ensured, and the test seepage path is used for simulating the seepage path of the actual dam body unit.
A circle of sealing strip needs to be additionally arranged between the upper cover of the instrument and the main body of the lower instrument to ensure the tightness of the interior of the cavity of the instrument during high-water-pressure test. The round groove is formed in the top working platform of the lower instrument main body, the sealing strip is added in the middle, the sealing strip is made of circular rubber sealing strips, the diameter of each sealing strip is matched with the width of the corresponding groove and is larger than the depth of the corresponding groove, the sealing strip has good elasticity, and can be waterproof, flame-retardant, acid-base-resistant, oil-resistant, temperature-insulating and ageing-resistant, and the tensile property is good. At the interface, both ends are left with a certain length, and are cut into halves by taking the transverse axis as a boundary, one side is left with an upper half, and the other end is left with a lower half, which are fixed together by glue. After the sealing strips are installed, an upper cover of the instrument is added, and the instrument is fixed by a hydraulic nut in a pressurizing mode. At the moment, the rubber strip is deformed under pressure, so that a gap between the groove and the upper cover is completely blocked, and a good waterproof sealing effect is achieved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention designs an instrument sealing method and device suitable for high stress and high water pressure aiming at a large three-way loading permeameter, aims to solve the problems of seepage and side wall effect in a large three-way loading permeameter model test, ensures that seepage water flows out after entering a whole soil body from a water inlet hole, and ensures the reasonability of a test path. On the other hand, the sealing performance of the whole instrument cavity under a high water pressure state is also ensured, and the seepage research requirement under the high pressure condition is effectively met.
A comparison test of whether the set of permeation sealing method is added or not is carried out in a large-scale three-way loading permeameter which is independently researched and developed, the test material adopts a gravel material, two groups of tests adopt the same gravel material and the same initial dry density, horizontal direction permeation tests are respectively carried out under three-way isobaric stress states of 1.55Mpa, 3.1Mpa, 4.65Mpa and 6.2Mpa, and the test result is shown in figure 5. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the permeability coefficient does not substantially change with increasing stress level without using the present permeation sealing method, and the permeability coefficient is maintained at 1X 10-4About cm/s. In other words, the reduction in the compaction of the sample porosity during the test had a modest effect on the permeability coefficient, a conclusion which is contrary to the results of the respective studies and to the practical situation. After the pore pressure meter is embedded at the rear side of the push plate, the discovery that water basically consists ofThe rear side of the push plate is penetrated and not penetrated along the inside of the soil sample. Therefore, the permeation experiment which is not carried out by using the permeation sealing method does not meet the test requirement, and the test result has a larger problem; after the sealing method is adopted, the seeping water can only pass through the internal pore channels of the soil body in the capsule. Also, observing fig. 5, it can be seen that the permeability coefficient decreases with increasing stress level. A large number of researches indicate that the larger the stress borne by the sample in the test process is, the smaller the pore space is, the smaller the permeability coefficient is, and the test result is consistent with the rule; and as the stress increases, the permeability coefficient is from 10-4Reduced to 10-5cm/s, and the penetration test result obtained by using the penetration sealing method is credible.
Drawings
The invention is further described by the following patent application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
2-1, 2-2 are schematic views of the water inlet surface structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the water outlet structure of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the interface at the joint of the upper rubber strip of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the results of permeation tests whether this sealing method was used.
Detailed Description
the method comprises the following steps: restoring all push plates of the instrument to the initial position;
step two: a ring-shaped rubber plate is adhered around the water inlet hole of the water inlet push plate and around the water outlet hole of the water outlet plate, a rubber plate is arranged in the test cavity, the rubber plate covers the front surface, the lower surface and the rear surface (except the water inlet surface, the water outlet surface and the top) of the instrument, and the specific size and model of the rubber plate are determined by the calculated peak shear strength and the thickness of the rubber plate allowed by the instrument;
step three: placing a customized water bag, sequentially placing geotextile and a clip-shaped rubber plate on one side of a water inlet surface in the bag body in sequence, and placing the clip-shaped rubber plate on one side of a water outlet surface;
step four: filling the proportioned test soil sample into the water bag from the top of the water bag, and compacting each layer of rock soil material layer by layer;
step five: covering a layer of rubber plate on the top of the filled water bag;
step six: adding a whole sealing strip in a sealing groove reserved at the top of the instrument, connecting interfaces at two ends of the sealing strip, and fixing the sealing strip by using glue;
step seven: the top of the instrument is covered with an upper cover of the instrument, the instrument is fixed by a hydraulic nut and applies certain pressure, the pressure depends on the test working condition and the target stress level, the hydraulic nut can meet the strength requirement of the joint of the upper cover and the instrument by adding 10-20 Mpa oil pressure under the general condition, and meanwhile, the sealing strip deforms and flattens under the action of high pressure and blocks a middle gap to meet the test sealing requirement;
step eight: giving a certain initial thrust to the push plate in each direction to ensure that the soil sample, the water bag, the rubber plate and the push plate/side wall in the test cavity are in close contact;
step nine: and (5) introducing water into the instrument, and performing a corresponding permeation test after saturation.
The sealing device used by the method is suitable for a large three-way loading permeameter, and an upper cover is arranged on the main body of the large three-way loading permeameter; the large three-way loading permeameter is provided with a push plate directly acting on a soil body and is characterized in that a water bag 2 used for wrapping a soil sample is arranged, and a layer of rubber plate 1 with a certain thickness is adhered to the inner side (excluding the water inlet surface and the water outlet surface) of a cavity outside the water bag 2; water can be prevented from entering the rear cavity of the water inlet push plate 6 outside the water bag. In addition, in the pressurizing process, the soil sample, the water bag and the rubber plate are in close contact, soil particles at the edge are embedded into the rubber plate through the water bag, and the rubber plate plays a certain buffering role, so that the water bag is prevented from being punctured by the soil particles, on the other hand, pore channels on the side wall can be reduced, and the side wall effect is reduced.
The water inlet surface 3 is a surface water inlet, a water inlet push plate 6 outside the water inlet is provided with a water inlet hole 5, and a layer of square-shaped rubber plate 7 with certain thickness is adhered according to the distribution shape of the water inlet hole 5. Corresponding holes are also arranged on the water bag 2 for water inlet. A layer of geotextile 8 is attached to the water bag 2 to prevent soil particles from blocking a water inlet in the pressurizing process, and a perforated rubber plate is clamped on the inner side of the geotextile 8, so that the water bag and the geotextile can be fixed between the two rubber plates after axial pressurizing, and the water bag is prevented from moving and deforming greatly to form an additional pore channel in the compressing process. A whole sealing strip 11 is added in a sealing groove reserved at the top of the instrument, and connectors at two ends of the sealing strip are connected and fixed by glue. The water outlet plate 10 on the water outlet surface 4 is provided with a water outlet hole 9.
Claims (5)
1. A sealing method suitable for a large three-way loading permeameter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: restoring all push plates of the instrument to the initial position;
step two: a ring-shaped rubber plate is adhered around the water inlet hole of the water inlet push plate and around the water outlet hole of the water outlet plate, a rubber plate is arranged in the test cavity and covers the front surface, the lower surface and the rear surface of the instrument, and the specific size and model of the rubber plate are determined by the calculated peak shear strength and the thickness of the rubber plate allowed by the instrument;
step three: placing a customized water bag, sequentially placing geotextile and a clip-shaped rubber plate on one side of a water inlet surface in the bag body in sequence, and placing the clip-shaped rubber plate on one side of a water outlet surface;
step four: filling the proportioned test soil sample into the water bag from the top of the water bag, and compacting each layer of rock soil material layer by layer;
step five: covering a layer of rubber plate on the top of the filled water bag;
step six: adding a whole sealing strip in a sealing groove reserved at the top of the instrument, connecting interfaces at two ends of the sealing strip, and fixing the sealing strip by using glue;
step seven: the top of the instrument is covered with an upper cover of the instrument, the upper cover is fixed by a hydraulic nut, certain pressure is applied, the pressure depends on the test working condition and the target stress level, the hydraulic nut meets the strength requirement of the joint of the upper cover and the instrument by adding 10-20 Mpa of oil pressure, and meanwhile, the sealing strip deforms and flattens under the action of high pressure and blocks a middle gap to meet the test sealing requirement;
step eight: giving a certain initial thrust to the push plate in each direction to ensure that the soil sample, the water bag, the rubber plate and the push plate/side wall in the test cavity are in close contact;
step nine: introducing water into the instrument, and performing a corresponding penetration test after saturation;
the main body of the large three-way loading permeameter is provided with an upper cover; the large three-way loading permeameter is provided with a push plate directly acting on a soil body and a water bag used for wrapping a soil sample, the inner side of a cavity outside the water bag is adhered with a layer of rectangular rubber plate with a certain thickness, and the thickness of the rectangular rubber plate suitable for the sealing device is 6 mm; a layer of square-shaped rubber plate with certain thickness is adhered outside the water inlet of the water inlet surface of the water bag according to the distribution shape of the water inlet holes, and the thickness of the square-shaped rubber plate suitable for the sealing device is 6 mm; a layer of clip-shaped rubber plate with certain thickness is adhered on the water outlet surface of the water bag according to the distribution shape of the water outlet holes; the inner sides of the water bag, which pass in and out of the water surface, are clamped with perforated rubber plates with certain thickness, and the thickness range of the perforated rubber plates suitable for the sealing device is 10-20 mm; a circle of groove is formed in a top working platform of the large three-way loading permeameter main body, and a sealing strip is added in the middle of the groove.
2. The sealing method for the large three-way loading permeameter according to claim 1, wherein the water bag is shaped and sized according to the size of a test cavity of a specific instrument and used for wrapping a soil sample, the water bag is made of TPU polyurethane soft body and used for storing water and oil, and the material is thickened and has certain strength and elasticity; the top opening of the water bag is used for filling soil samples, and corresponding openings are reserved for water inlet and outlet according to the distribution and shape of the water inlet and the water outlet.
3. The sealing method for the large three-way loading permeameter according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet surface is a surface water inlet, a layer of rectangular rubber plate with a certain thickness is adhered outside the water inlet according to the distribution shape of the water inlet holes, and corresponding holes are opened on the water bag for water inlet; the water bag is internally provided with a layer of geotextile to prevent soil body particles from blocking a water inlet in the pressurizing process, and the inner side of the geotextile is clamped with a perforated rubber plate, so that the water bag and the geotextile can be fixed between the two rubber plates after axial pressurizing, and the water bag is prevented from moving and deforming greatly to form an additional pore channel in the compressing process.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outlet surface is formed by attaching a rubber sheet having a certain thickness to the outlet plate according to the distribution of the outlet holes, and the water bladder is provided with corresponding holes for discharging water and is provided with an opening rubber sheet on the inner side.
5. The sealing method for the large three-way loading permeameter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the sealing strip between the upper cover and the lower instrument body is arranged in a manner that: a circle of groove is formed in a top working platform of the lower instrument main body, a sealing strip is added in the middle of the groove, the sealing strip is made of circular rubber sealing strips, the diameter of each sealing strip is matched with the width of the groove and is larger than the depth of the groove, and the sealing strips have good elasticity; at the interface, the two ends of the sealing strip are both provided with a certain length, the sealing strip is half-cut by taking the transverse axis as a boundary, an upper half is arranged at one side of the sealing strip, and a lower half is arranged at one end of the sealing strip, and the sealing strip is fixed together by using glue.
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| CN201910665843.6A CN110361314B (en) | 2019-07-23 | 2019-07-23 | Sealing method and device suitable for large three-way loading permeameter |
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| CN114112846B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-09-19 | 西安石油大学 | Rock permeability measuring device for geology |
| CN115629089B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-05-30 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method and equipment for accurately positioning and targeted repairing leakage of dam abutment of earth-rock dam |
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