CN111398024A - True triaxial rock seepage test loading device and test system - Google Patents
True triaxial rock seepage test loading device and test system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial rock seepage test loading device and a system, wherein a bottom plate, a base plate, a transverse loading plate capable of transversely moving under the driving of a transverse power device, a longitudinal loading plate capable of longitudinally and transversely moving under the driving of a longitudinal power device and the transverse loading plate respectively, and a following plate capable of longitudinally moving under the driving of the longitudinal loading plate jointly enclose a cavity with an opening at the top, the cavity is sealed by a vertical loading plate through an elastic sealing part to form a sealing space suitable for a rock sample, and at least two of the bottom plate, the base plate, the longitudinal loading plate, the transverse loading plate, the following plate and the vertical loading plate are provided with water gaps which are respectively communicated with a water inlet end and a water outlet end of a variable frequency seepage loading device. The method can accurately simulate the mechanical characteristics such as stress-strain relationship and the like of the rock under the seepage in the real environment, and provide accurate experimental data, so that the problem of variable-frequency seepage induced fault slip can be more accurately tested and verified later.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mechanical tests of geothermal exploitation, in particular to a true triaxial rock seepage test loading device test system based on geothermal exploitation.
Background
The energy structure constructed based on fossil fuel has more and more adverse effects on the environment in which human beings rely on living, and the dependence on the energy structure constructed based on fossil fuel is reduced. The development of renewable geothermal resources stored inside the earth is becoming hot. At present, geothermal resources exploited and utilized in the world are mainly hydrothermal geothermal resources, and Dry Hot Rock (HDR for short) is regarded as a novel energy source with the most potential in the 21 st century because of the characteristics of environmental friendliness, cleanness, renewability, wide spatial distribution and the like as an extension of traditional hydrothermal geothermal resources.
Currently, water injection into deep dry hot rock heat source formations for heat exchange has become a key technology in geothermal exploitation. However, in recent years, the cases of earthquake induced by geothermal exploitation are frequent, and seismology research shows that under the combined action of a specific form of load and groundwater seepage, fault instability can be caused, fault slippage can be induced, even earthquake or engineering disasters can be caused, and the core essence of the scientific problems is the problem of variable frequency seepage induced fault slippage. Therefore, the mechanism research of the frequency conversion seepage induced fault slip is clear, and the method has important guiding significance for the actual geothermal exploitation.
In the research process of the above scientific problems, tests are required to be carried out to verify a theoretical model, the tests are generally carried out by a true triaxial test system, but three axial directions of the existing part of true triaxial test systems (for example, a dynamic and static true triaxial test system (GDSTTA for short) produced by GDS company in england) all adopt rigid flat plate loading, the rigidity of each flat plate applying positive stress in the axial direction is large, after a sample is greatly deformed, rigid plates in contact with the sample inevitably generate mutual rigid conflict to restrict further movement of the rigid plates, so that the loading and deformation in the three axial directions are influenced, and the loading boundary conditions cannot be successfully simulated. Also, some true triaxial test systems are loaded using a mechanical loading device in two directions X, Y, with the third axial direction being pressurized by the fluid in a confining pressure. Although the loading boundary condition problem is solved, the rock sample cannot be further subjected to seepage due to the direct contact of the confining pressure providing liquid with the sample (because seepage tests require the sample to be in a single seepage environment). Therefore, the existing true triaxial test system cannot accurately simulate mechanical properties such as stress-strain relationship of rock under the action of seepage in a real environment, and further test verification of the variable frequency seepage induced fault slip problem is difficult to carry out.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a test system of a true triaxial rock seepage test loading device, aiming at accurately simulating the mechanical characteristics of a rock body under the action of triaxial directional load and variable frequency seepage in the process of geothermal exploitation and providing accurate test data.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a loading device for true triaxial rock seepage test, comprising:
a horizontally disposed floor;
the device comprises a longitudinal loading plate and a base plate, wherein the longitudinal loading plate and the base plate are longitudinally distributed in parallel at intervals, the bottom of the base plate is fixed on a bottom plate, the joint of the base plate and the bottom plate is sealed, the longitudinal loading plate is movably arranged on the top surface of the bottom plate and can longitudinally move relative to the base plate under the driving of a longitudinal power device, and the joint of the longitudinal loading plate and the bottom plate is sealed by a first sealing element;
the transverse loading plate and the follow-up plate are transversely distributed on the top surface of the bottom plate at intervals in parallel, the transverse loading plate is movably connected with the top surface of the bottom plate and the inner wall of the base plate and can transversely move along the top surface of the bottom plate and the inner wall of the base plate under the drive of a transverse power device, the joint of the transverse loading plate, the bottom plate and the base plate is sealed by a second sealing element and a third sealing element, one end, adjacent to the transverse loading plate, of the longitudinal loading plate can be longitudinally movably connected with the inner wall of the transverse loading plate, the joint is sealed by a fourth sealing element, the longitudinal loading plate can be driven to transversely move when the transverse loading plate transversely moves, the inner wall of the longitudinal loading plate and one side, away from the base plate, of the follow-up plate can be transversely movably connected with one side, away from the transverse loading plate, of the; the longitudinal loading plate can be driven to move longitudinally when moving longitudinally, the joints of the follow-up plate, the bottom plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the base plate are respectively sealed by a fifth sealing element, a sixth sealing element and a seventh sealing element, and the bottom plate, the base plate, the longitudinal loading plate, the transverse loading plate and the follow-up plate enclose a cavity with an opening at the top; and
the vertical loading plate is arranged at the opening of the chamber, an elastic sealing part which is elastically and hermetically abutted against the inner wall of the chamber extends out of the edge of the vertical loading plate so as to seal the top of the chamber to form a sealing space which is suitable for a rock sample, and the vertical loading plate can vertically move along the chamber under the driving of a vertical power device; at least two of the bottom plate, the base plate, the longitudinal loading plate, the transverse loading plate, the follow-up plate and the vertical loading plate are provided with water gaps which are respectively used for communicating the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the variable-frequency seepage loading device.
The invention also provides a true triaxial rock seepage test system, which comprises:
the loading device is the loading device;
the power device comprises a transverse power device for driving the transverse loading plate to move transversely, a longitudinal power device for driving the longitudinal loading plate to move longitudinally and a vertical power device for driving the vertical loading plate to move vertically;
the variable-frequency seepage loading device injects water into the sealed space from a water gap communicated with the water inlet end through the water inlet end, flows through the rock sample and then flows out of the sealed space through a water gap communicated with the water discharge end;
the displacement sensor is used for monitoring the corresponding displacement of the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the vertical loading plate;
the pressure sensors are used for monitoring the corresponding pressure of the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the vertical loading plate loaded on the rock sample;
a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the rock sample
The system comprises a water pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a flow velocity sensor, wherein the water pressure sensor, the flow sensor and the flow velocity sensor are respectively used for monitoring the water pressure, the flow velocity and the flow of the variable-frequency seepage; and
and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring and recording corresponding data monitored by the displacement sensor, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the water pressure sensor, the flow sensor and the flow velocity sensor, and adjusting the water injection frequency and amplitude of the variable-frequency seepage loading device.
The invention discloses a rock sample sealing device, which is characterized in that a cavity with an open top is defined by a bottom plate, a base plate, a transverse loading plate capable of transversely moving under the drive of a transverse power device, a longitudinal loading plate capable of longitudinally and transversely moving under the drive of a longitudinal power device and the transverse loading plate respectively, and a follow-up plate capable of longitudinally moving under the drive of the longitudinal loading plate, and the cavity is sealed by a vertical loading plate arranged at the open top of the cavity through an elastic sealing part to form a sealing space suitable for a rock sample. And at least two of the bottom plate, the base plate, the longitudinal loading plate, the transverse loading plate, the follow-up plate and the vertical loading plate are provided with water gaps which are respectively used for communicating a water inlet end and a water outlet end of the variable-frequency seepage loading device. In the test process, the transverse power device, the longitudinal power device and the vertical power device synchronously or step-by-step drive the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the vertical loading plate to move correspondingly according to test requirements so as to synchronously or step-by-step load transverse, longitudinal and vertical loads on the rock sample, and in the loading process, because the elastic sealing part extending from the edge of the vertical loading plate has better elastic flexibility, after the rock sample is greatly deformed, the elastic sealing part extending from the edge of the vertical loading plate is pressed, synchronously and elastically contracted, and the movement of the longitudinal loading plate, the transverse loading plate and the follow-up plate cannot be restricted in the test process, so that the problem that the longitudinal loading plate, the transverse loading plate and the follow-up plate are restricted from further movement due to rigid interference can be avoided, and the closed space is always kept in a sealing state. Meanwhile, the variable-frequency seepage loading device injects water into the sealed space from a water gap communicated with the water inlet end through the water inlet end, and flows out of the sealed space through a water gap communicated with the water discharge end after flowing through the rock sample so as to perform variable-frequency seepage on the rock sample; finally, the test can accurately simulate the stress-strain relationship and other mechanical characteristics of the rock under the seepage effect in the real environment, and accurate test data is provided, so that the frequency conversion seepage induced fault slip problem can be more accurately tested and verified later.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic perspective view of a loading device for a true triaxial rock seepage test according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a true triaxial rock seepage test loading device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a true triaxial rock seepage test system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that if directional indications (such as … …, which is up, down, left, right, front, back, top, bottom, inner, outer, vertical, transverse, longitudinal, counterclockwise, clockwise, circumferential, radial, axial) are provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the directional indications are only used for explaining the relative position relationship, motion condition, etc. of the components at a specific posture (as shown in the attached drawings), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are changed accordingly.
In addition, if there is a description relating to "first" or "second", etc. in the embodiments of the present invention, the description of "first" or "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a loading device for a true triaxial rock seepage test.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the true triaxial rock seepage test loading device comprises a horizontally arranged bottom plate 1, a longitudinal loading plate 3, a base plate 2, a transverse loading plate 4, a follow-up plate 5 and a vertical loading plate 6.
Wherein, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the substrate 2 are longitudinally (i.e. in the X-axis direction) distributed in parallel at intervals, the bottom of the substrate 2 is fixed on the bottom plate 1, and the joint of the substrate 2 and the bottom plate 1 is sealed; the longitudinal loading plate 3 is movably arranged on the top surface of the bottom plate 1 and can move longitudinally relative to the substrate 2 under the drive of a longitudinal power device (not shown), and the joint of the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the bottom plate 1 is sealed by a first sealing member (not shown). The transverse loading plates 4 and the follower plates 5 are transversely (i.e., in the Y-axis direction) distributed on the top surface of the base plate 1 at intervals, the transverse loading plates 4 are movably connected with the top surface of the base plate 1 and the inner wall of the base plate 2 and can transversely move along the top surface of the base plate 1 and the inner wall of the base plate 2 under the driving of a transverse power device 101, and the joints of the transverse loading plates 4 with the base plate 1 and the base plate 2 are sealed by a second sealing member (not shown) and a third sealing member (not shown). One end of longitudinal loading plate 3 adjacent to transverse loading plate 4 is longitudinally movably connected to the inner wall of transverse loading plate 4 and the joint is sealed by a fourth sealing member (not shown), and longitudinal loading plate 3 can be driven to move transversely when transverse loading plate 4 moves transversely. The inner wall of the longitudinal loading plate 3 is transversely movably connected with one side of the follow-up plate 5 far away from the base plate 2, the inner wall of the follow-up plate 5 is longitudinally movably connected with one side of the base plate 2 far away from the transverse loading plate 4, and the follow-up plate 5 can be driven to longitudinally move when the longitudinal loading plate 3 longitudinally moves. The joints of the follower plate 5 with the base plate 1, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the base plate 2 are sealed by a fifth seal (not shown), a sixth seal (not shown) and a seventh seal (not shown), respectively. The bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the longitudinal loading plate 3, the transverse loading plate 4 and the follow-up plate 5 enclose a cavity with an open top. The vertical loading plate 6 is arranged at an opening of the chamber, an elastic sealing part 7 which is elastically sealed and abutted against the inner wall of the chamber extends out of the edge (or the periphery) of the vertical loading plate 6 so as to seal the top of the chamber to form a sealing space which is suitable for the rock sample 10, and the vertical loading plate 6 can move vertically (namely in the Z-axis direction) along the chamber under the driving of the vertical power device 102. At least two of the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the longitudinal loading plate 3, the transverse loading plate 4, the follow-up plate 5 and the vertical loading plate 6 are provided with water gaps 11, 21, 31, 41, 51 and 61 respectively used for communicating with a water inlet end and a water outlet end of the variable-frequency seepage loading device 200. In the test process, the transverse power device 101, the longitudinal power device and the vertical power device 102 synchronously or step-by-step drive the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the vertical loading plate 6 to make corresponding movements according to the test requirements, so as to synchronously or step-by-step load the rock sample with transverse, longitudinal and vertical loads, since the elastic sealing part 7 extended from the edge of the vertical loading plate 6 has a good elastic flexibility, therefore, when the rock sample 10 is greatly deformed, the elastic sealing part 7 extending from the edge of the vertical loading plate 6 is pressed to synchronously and elastically contract without restricting the movement of the longitudinal loading plate 3, the transverse loading plate 4 and the follow-up plate 5 in the test process, so that the problem that the mutual further movement is restricted due to rigid interference does not occur, and the sealed space is always kept in a sealed state. Meanwhile, the variable-frequency seepage loading device 200 injects water into the sealed space from a water gap communicated with the water inlet end through the water inlet end, and flows out of the sealed space through a water gap communicated with the water discharge end after flowing through the rock sample, so as to perform variable-frequency seepage on the rock sample; finally, the test can accurately simulate the stress-strain relationship and other mechanical characteristics of the rock under the seepage effect in the real environment, and accurate test data is provided, so that the frequency conversion seepage induced fault slip problem can be more accurately tested and verified later. It should be noted that, during the test, the data acquisition system 600 acquires and records the corresponding data monitored by the displacement sensor 103, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor 8, the water pressure sensors 301 and 302, the flow sensors 401 and 402, and the flow rate sensors 501 and 502, and adjusts the water injection frequency and amplitude of the variable-frequency seepage loading device 200 according to the setting. As to how to analyze the data obtained after the test, for prior art, it is not repeated here, and this experiment mainly simulates out the mechanical properties of rock mass under triaxial direction (namely horizontal, vertical and vertical) load and frequency conversion seepage effect and provides accurate experimental data accurately in the geothermal exploitation process.
It will be appreciated that the base plate 1, base plate 2, transverse load plate 4, longitudinal load plate 3, follower plate 5 and vertical load plate 6 are preferably made of rigid flat plates. In the embodiment of the present invention, the transverse loading plate 4 is mounted on the bottom plate 1 and/or the base plate 2 in a transversely movable manner through the cooperation of the guide rail and the sliding groove, and how to mount the transverse loading plate is the prior art, which is not described herein again. A second sealing member (not shown) and a third sealing member (not shown) are preferably fixedly installed at transverse loading plate 4 and are longitudinally movable with transverse loading plate 4 to ensure that transverse loading plate 4 maintains a seal with base plate 1 and base plate 2 during the transverse movement. The adjacent sides of the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the transverse loading plate 4 are also longitudinally slidably mounted on the inner wall of the transverse loading plate 4 through the matching of a guide rail and a sliding groove, and the first sealing element and the fourth sealing element are preferably fixedly arranged on the longitudinal loading plate 3 and can longitudinally move along with the longitudinal loading plate 3 so as to ensure that the longitudinal loading plate 3 keeps sealing with the transverse loading plate 4 and the bottom plate 1 in the longitudinal moving process; meanwhile, the inner wall surface of the longitudinal loading plate 3 is mounted on the side of the follower plate 5 adjacent thereto so as to be movable laterally by the cooperation of the guide rail and the slide groove, so that the longitudinal loading plate 3 can be moved in the lateral and longitudinal directions. The inner wall of the following plate 5 is longitudinally movably mounted on the side of the base plate 2 adjacent to the inner wall through the cooperation of a guide rail (not shown) and a sliding groove (not shown) so that the following plate 5 can longitudinally move along with the longitudinal loading plate 3, the fifth sealing member and the sixth sealing member are preferably fixedly mounted on the following plate 5, and the seventh sealing member is preferably fixedly mounted on the base plate 2 so as to ensure that the following plate 5 keeps a seal with the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the base plate 2 during the movement of the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the following plate 5. It should be noted that the inner walls of the base plate 2, the follower plate 5, the transverse loading plate 4 and the longitudinal loading plate 3 refer to the wall surfaces of the base plate 2, the follower plate 5, the transverse loading plate 4 and the longitudinal loading plate 3 facing the center of the sealed space, respectively, and the bottom plate 1 is fixed during the test.
Specifically, the elastic sealing portion 7 is preferably made of a material having good elasticity and sealing performance, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon). The elastic sealing part 7 can be fixed on the edge of the vertical loading plate 6 by means of bonding, embedding, buckling structure connection or screw structure connection. The length of the elastic sealing part 7 extending out of the edge of the vertical loading plate 6 can be determined according to the test requirements, and attention should be paid to the sealing degree and the elastic flexibility.
In the embodiment of the invention, two, three, four, five or six of the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the longitudinal loading plate 3, the transverse loading plate 4, the follower plate 5 and the vertical loading plate 6 are provided with water gaps. The specific structure of the loading device comprises a plurality of water gaps which can be determined according to test requirements, and preferably, the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the longitudinal loading plate 3, the transverse loading plate 4, the follower plate 5 and the vertical loading plate 6 are all provided with the water gaps (namely, the bottom plate 1 is provided with the water gap 11, the base plate 2 is provided with the water gap 21, the longitudinal loading plate 3 is provided with the water gap 31, the transverse loading plate 4 is provided with the water gap 41, the follower plate 5 is provided with the water gap 51, and the vertical loading plate 6 is provided with. Among the plurality of water gaps, the water gap communicated with the water inlet end of the variable frequency seepage loading device 200 is a water injection gap, the water gap communicated with the water discharge end of the variable frequency seepage loading device 200 is a water discharge gap, and as to which water gap or gaps are specifically communicated with the water inlet end of the variable frequency seepage loading device 200, which water gap or gaps are communicated with the water discharge end of the variable frequency seepage loading device 200 can be determined according to test requirements. Specifically, the nozzle is preferably provided at a position where the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the longitudinal loading plate 3, the lateral loading plate 4, the follower plate 5, and the vertical loading plate 6 correspond to the middle region of the sealed space.
Further, a temperature regulating device is included for regulating the temperature of the rock sample 10 to simulate the temperature of the rock during geothermal mining. It will be appreciated that the temperature adjustment means may be electrically connected to a controller (not shown) which is additionally provided to set the temperature adjustment target of the temperature adjustment means on the rock sample by the controller before or during the test according to the test requirements. The temperature adjustment device may also be electrically connected to the data acquisition system 600 of the true triaxial rock seepage testing system to set a temperature adjustment target for the rock sample by the temperature adjustment device through the data acquisition system 600 before or during the test.
The temperature adjusting device comprises heating resistors (not shown) and cooling pipelines (not shown) which are arranged in the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the follow-up plate 5, the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the vertical loading plate 6, and when the temperature of the rock sample needs to be raised, the heating resistors are electrified to heat the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the follow-up plate 5, the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the vertical loading plate 6, so that heat is transferred to the rock sample through the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the follow-up plate 5, the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the vertical loading plate 6; when the rock sample needs to be cooled, a refrigerant (such as liquid nitrogen) can flow in through an inlet (not shown) of the cooling pipeline and flow out through an outlet, so as to cool the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the follow-up plate 5, the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the vertical loading plate 6, and the cold energy is transferred to the rock sample 10 through the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the follow-up plate 5, the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the vertical loading plate 6.
The invention also provides a true triaxial rock seepage test system.
In the embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the true triaxial rock seepage test system comprises a loading device, a power device 100, a variable frequency seepage loading device 200, a displacement sensor 103, a pressure sensor (not shown), a temperature sensor 8, water pressure sensors 301 and 302, flow sensors 401 and 402, flow rate sensors 501 and 502 and a data acquisition system 600.
The loading device is the above-mentioned loading device, and the specific structure refers to the above-mentioned embodiment, which is not described herein again.
The power device 100 comprises a transverse power device 101 for driving the transverse loading plate 4 to move transversely, a longitudinal power device (not shown) for driving the longitudinal loading plate 3 to move longitudinally, and a vertical power device 102 for driving the vertical loading plate 6 to move vertically. Specifically, the power device 100 is a conventional power device, for example, the transverse power device 101, the longitudinal power device, and the vertical power device 102 may all adopt a conventional servo pressure device, a hydraulic machine, a device cylinder, or a hydraulic cylinder, etc., wherein the servo pressure device drives a speed reducer to drive a ball screw by a servo motor thereof, and is used for loading, unloading, and load protection of pressure. Or a power device in a dynamic and static true triaxial test system produced by the british GDS company is adopted, and specific structures and working principles of the power device are not described again.
The variable frequency seepage loading device 200 injects water into a sealed space from a water gap communicated with a water inlet end through the water inlet end, and flows out of the sealed space through a water gap communicated with a water outlet end after flowing through a rock sample, so as to perform a variable frequency seepage effect on the rock sample, the variable frequency seepage loading device 200 is a prior art, for example, a variable frequency seepage loading device in a dynamic and static true triaxial test system produced by GDS company in england is adopted, and generally injects water into the sealed space or discharges the water out of the sealed space through pulse jet generators 201 and 202 in the variable frequency seepage loading device 200, and specific structures and working principles of the variable frequency seepage loading device 200 are not described in detail herein.
The displacement sensor 103 is configured to monitor corresponding displacements of the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3, and the vertical loading plate 6 (specifically, during a monitoring test, the transverse displacement of the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal displacement of the longitudinal loading plate 3, and the vertical displacement of the vertical loading plate 6). The displacement sensor 103 is a conventional sensor, and has various specific structures and installation manners, such as extensometer-type displacement sensors respectively installed on the transverse power device 101, the longitudinal power device, and the vertical power device 102 (wherein, the displacement sensor installed on the longitudinal power device is not shown in the drawings), which are not described herein again.
The pressure sensors (not shown) are used for monitoring the corresponding pressures of the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the vertical loading plate 6 loaded on the rock sample (specifically, in the process of monitoring the test, the transverse pressure of the transverse loading plate 4 loaded on the rock sample, the longitudinal pressure of the longitudinal loading plate 3 loaded on the rock sample and the vertical pressure of the vertical loading plate 6 loaded on the rock sample), the pressure sensors can be respectively arranged on the inner walls of the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3 and the vertical loading plate 6, the pressure sensors are the prior art, and detailed structures and working principles thereof are not described herein.
The temperature sensor 8 is used for monitoring the temperature of the rock sample, specifically, the temperature sensor 8 may be installed in a sealed space, for example, on the bottom plate 1, the base plate 2, the transverse loading plate 4, the longitudinal loading plate 3, the vertical loading plate 6 and the follower plate 5, or in the rock sample, and since the temperature sensor 8 is the prior art, detailed description of the specific structure and the working principle thereof is omitted here);
the water pressure sensors 301 and 302, the flow sensors 401 and 402 and the flow rate sensors 501 and 502 are respectively used for monitoring the water pressure, the flow rate and the flow rate of the variable-frequency seepage. Specifically, the water pressure sensors 301 and 302, the flow sensors 401 and 402, and the flow rate sensors 501 and 502 are typically installed at the water inlet end and/or the water outlet end of the variable frequency seepage loading device 200, and are electrically connected to the data acquisition system 600. The water pressure sensors 301 and 302, the flow sensors 401 and 402, and the flow rate sensors 501 and 502 are prior art, and detailed description on specific structures, installation manners, and working principles thereof is omitted, for example, the water pressure sensors, the flow sensors, and the flow rate sensors in a dynamic and static true triaxial test system manufactured by GDS corporation in england can be adopted.
The data acquisition system 600 is electrically connected with the displacement sensor 103, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor 8, the water pressure sensors 301 and 302, the flow sensors 401 and 402 and the flow rate sensors 501 and 502, and is used for acquiring and recording corresponding data monitored by the displacement sensor 103, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor 8, the water pressure sensors 301 and 302, the flow sensors 401 and 402 and the flow rate sensors 501 and 502, and adjusting the water injection frequency and amplitude of the variable-frequency seepage loading device 200. As to how to analyze the data obtained after the test, for prior art, it is not repeated here, and this test is mainly aimed at simulating accurately the mechanical characteristics of the rock mass under the action of triaxial direction (i.e. horizontal, longitudinal and vertical) load and frequency conversion seepage in the process of geothermal exploitation and providing accurate experimental data.
It should be noted that the composition of the rock sample can be set according to the test requirements, and the detailed description of the specific composition and the test principle is omitted here for the sake of the prior art.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a true triaxial rock seepage test loading device which characterized in that includes:
a horizontally disposed floor;
the device comprises a longitudinal loading plate and a base plate, wherein the longitudinal loading plate and the base plate are longitudinally distributed in parallel at intervals, the bottom of the base plate is fixed on a bottom plate, the joint of the base plate and the bottom plate is sealed, the longitudinal loading plate is movably arranged on the top surface of the bottom plate and can longitudinally move relative to the base plate under the driving of a longitudinal power device, and the joint of the longitudinal loading plate and the bottom plate is sealed by a first sealing element;
the transverse loading plate and the follow-up plate are transversely distributed on the top surface of the bottom plate at intervals in parallel, the transverse loading plate is movably connected with the top surface of the bottom plate and the inner wall of the base plate and can transversely move along the top surface of the bottom plate and the inner wall of the base plate under the drive of a transverse power device, the joint of the transverse loading plate, the bottom plate and the base plate is sealed by a second sealing element and a third sealing element, one end, adjacent to the transverse loading plate, of the longitudinal loading plate can be longitudinally movably connected with the inner wall of the transverse loading plate, the joint is sealed by a fourth sealing element, the longitudinal loading plate can be driven to transversely move when the transverse loading plate transversely moves, the inner wall of the longitudinal loading plate and one side, away from the base plate, of the follow-up plate can be transversely movably connected with one side, away from the transverse loading plate, of the; the longitudinal loading plate can be driven to move longitudinally when moving longitudinally, the joints of the follow-up plate, the bottom plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the base plate are respectively sealed by a fifth sealing element, a sixth sealing element and a seventh sealing element, and the bottom plate, the base plate, the longitudinal loading plate, the transverse loading plate and the follow-up plate enclose a cavity with an opening at the top; and
the vertical loading plate is arranged at the opening of the chamber, an elastic sealing part which is elastically and hermetically abutted against the inner wall of the chamber extends out of the edge of the vertical loading plate so as to seal the top of the chamber to form a sealing space which is suitable for a rock sample, and the vertical loading plate can vertically move along the chamber under the driving of a vertical power device; at least two of the bottom plate, the base plate, the longitudinal loading plate, the transverse loading plate, the follow-up plate and the vertical loading plate are provided with water gaps which are respectively used for communicating the water inlet end and the water outlet end of the variable-frequency seepage loading device.
2. The true triaxial rock seepage test loading apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the transverse loading plate can be transversely movably arranged on the bottom plate and/or the base plate through the matching of the guide rail and the sliding groove; one side of the longitudinal loading plate adjacent to one side of the transverse loading plate can be longitudinally slidably arranged on the inner wall of the transverse loading plate through the matching of the guide rail and the sliding groove; the inner wall surface of the longitudinal loading plate can be transversely movably arranged on one side of the follow-up plate adjacent to the follow-up plate through the matching of the guide rail and the sliding groove; the inner wall of the follow-up plate can be longitudinally movably arranged on one side of the base plate adjacent to the base plate through the matching of the guide rail and the sliding groove.
3. The true triaxial rock seepage test loading apparatus of claim 2, wherein: the second sealing element and the third sealing element are fixedly arranged on the transverse loading plate and can move longitudinally along with the transverse loading plate; the first sealing element and the fourth sealing element are fixedly arranged on the longitudinal loading plate and can move longitudinally along with the longitudinal loading plate; the fifth sealing element and the sixth sealing element are fixedly arranged on the follow-up plate, and the seventh sealing element is fixedly arranged on the substrate.
4. The true triaxial rock seepage test loading apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the elastic sealing part is fixed on the edge of the vertical loading plate in a bonding, embedding, buckling structure connection or screw structure connection mode.
5. The true triaxial rock seepage test loading apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the device further comprises a temperature adjusting device, and the temperature adjusting device is used for adjusting the temperature of the rock sample.
6. The true triaxial rock seepage test loading apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the temperature adjusting device comprises heating resistors and cooling pipelines which are arranged in a bottom plate, a base plate, a follow-up plate, a transverse loading plate, a longitudinal loading plate and a vertical loading plate, when the temperature of the rock sample needs to be raised, the heating resistors are electrified to heat the bottom plate, the base plate, the follow-up plate, the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the vertical loading plate, and heat is transferred to the rock sample; when the rock sample is required to be cooled, a refrigerant can flow in through the inlet of the cooling pipeline and flow out through the outlet, so that the bottom plate, the base plate, the follow-up plate, the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the vertical loading plate are cooled, and the cold quantity is transmitted to the rock sample.
7. A test system having a true triaxial rock seepage test loading apparatus as defined in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
the loading device of any one of claims 1 to 6;
the power device comprises a transverse power device for driving the transverse loading plate to move transversely, a longitudinal power device for driving the longitudinal loading plate to move longitudinally and a vertical power device for driving the vertical loading plate to move vertically;
the variable-frequency seepage loading device injects water into the sealed space from a water gap communicated with the water inlet end through the water inlet end, flows through the rock sample and then flows out of the sealed space through a water gap communicated with the water discharge end;
the displacement sensor is used for monitoring the corresponding displacement of the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the vertical loading plate;
the pressure sensors are used for monitoring the corresponding pressure of the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the vertical loading plate loaded on the rock sample;
a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of the rock sample
The system comprises a water pressure sensor, a flow sensor and a flow velocity sensor, wherein the water pressure sensor, the flow sensor and the flow velocity sensor are respectively used for monitoring the water pressure, the flow velocity and the flow of the variable-frequency seepage; and
and the data acquisition system is used for acquiring and recording corresponding data monitored by the displacement sensor, the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the water pressure sensor, the flow sensor and the flow velocity sensor, and adjusting the water injection frequency and amplitude of the variable-frequency seepage loading device.
8. The true triaxial rock seepage test system of claim 7, wherein: the temperature sensor is arranged on the bottom plate, the base plate, the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate, the vertical loading plate and the follow-up plate; or alternatively, in a rock sample.
9. The true triaxial rock seepage test system of claim 7, wherein: the pressure sensors are arranged on the inner walls of the transverse loading plate, the longitudinal loading plate and the vertical loading plate.
10. The true triaxial rock seepage test system of claim 7, wherein: the displacement sensors are extensometer type displacement sensors which are respectively arranged on the transverse power device, the longitudinal power device and the vertical power device.
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