CN115855638B - True triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system and experimental method for rock - Google Patents
True triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system and experimental method for rock Download PDFInfo
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- CN115855638B CN115855638B CN202211462580.7A CN202211462580A CN115855638B CN 115855638 B CN115855638 B CN 115855638B CN 202211462580 A CN202211462580 A CN 202211462580A CN 115855638 B CN115855638 B CN 115855638B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system and an experimental method of rock, wherein the experimental system comprises a mounting frame, the center of the mounting frame is of an opening structure, a transverse loading assembly and a longitudinal loading assembly are mounted on the mounting frame, the transverse loading assembly comprises four groups of transverse driving assemblies mounted on the mounting frame, two opposite groups of transverse driving assemblies are in transmission connection with two transverse force loading columns, the center of each transverse force loading column is connected with a loading rod, and the four loading rods are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction; the longitudinal loading assembly is also symmetrically connected with two loading rods along the vertical direction; one ends of the six loading rods, which are close to the center of the installation frame, are connected with visual positioning assemblies; the loading rods are made of transparent materials, and each loading rod is embedded with a camera. The method and the device well solve the technical problem of real-time observation of the three-dimensional six-surface deformation field of the rock by adopting the digital image acquisition equipment under the condition of true triaxial.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock material mechanics experimental test instruments, in particular to a true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system and an experimental method for rock.
Background
In practical deep underground rock engineering, underground surrounding rock is in a complex three-dimensional stress field before excavation, and the damage of rock mass is usually caused by the change of stress state caused by the underground surrounding rock, so that the research on the mechanical properties of the rock mass in the three-dimensional stress state has become a problem to be solved in the rock mechanics and engineering industry. The traditional triaxial test is generally carried out under axisymmetric stress conditions, the intermediate main stress is equal to the maximum or minimum main stress, the geological environment where the rock mass is located is often very complex, the stress state is complex and changeable, and the mechanical index obtained by the traditional triaxial test cannot reflect the actual loading condition of the rock mass engineering. The true triaxial loading test of the rock can study the influence of the intermediate main stress on the strength and deformation of the rock body through the independent change of the three-dimensional stress, simulate the real geological environment of the rock, and become the necessary trend of research and development of the rock indoor mechanical test.
The digital image related technology belongs to a typical non-contact optical measurement technology, and has the advantages of full-field non-contact monitoring, high reliability of measurement results, dynamic real-time observation and the like, so that acquisition and recognition of a displacement field, a strain field, a dynamic image and the like in the whole rock deformation and destruction process under the action of load are greatly promoted. The basic principle of the digital image correlation technology is to track speckle images of the surface of a rock sample to be measured in real time through one or more groups of high-resolution cameras. At present, the related technology of digital images is more common in rock uniaxial compression testing, but testing equipment for combining a true triaxial mechanical instrument with digital images does not appear, and the main limiting bottleneck is that in the true triaxial loading process, three-way six sides of a cuboid rock sample are in full contact with a true triaxial loading rod, and cannot be tracked in real time by adopting a high-resolution camera.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a real triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system and experimental method for rock, which better solve the technical problem of real-time observation of a three-dimensional six-surface deformation field of rock by adopting digital image acquisition equipment under the condition of the real triaxial and realize the visual three-dimensional loading of the real triaxial of the rock.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
real triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system of rock, including installing the frame, its characterized in that: the center of the mounting frame is of an opening structure, the mounting frame is provided with a transverse loading assembly and a longitudinal loading assembly, the transverse loading assembly comprises four groups of transverse driving assemblies arranged on the mounting frame, two transverse force loading columns are connected between two opposite groups of transverse driving assemblies in a transmission manner, the center of each transverse force loading column is connected with a loading rod, and the four loading rods are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction;
the longitudinal loading assembly is also symmetrically connected with two loading rods along the vertical direction; one ends of the six loading rods, which are close to the center of the mounting frame, are connected with visual positioning assemblies; the loading rods are made of transparent materials, and each loading rod is embedded with a camera.
Further, the visual positioning assembly comprises a pressing plate, four mounting plates are fixedly arranged on one side surface, far away from the center of the mounting frame, of the pressing plate, a first positioning frame and a second positioning frame are connected between the four mounting plates in a staggered mode, the first positioning frame is located between the second positioning frame and the pressing plate, and the loading rod is located in a space formed by the first positioning frame and the second positioning frame in a staggered mode; a connecting plate is fixedly arranged at one end of the loading rod, which is close to the center of the mounting frame, and is positioned between the pressing plate and the first positioning frame; and the pressing plate, the mounting plate, the first positioning frame, the second positioning frame and the connecting plate are all made of transparent materials.
Further, first mounting through holes are symmetrically formed in two opposite mounting plates, and second mounting through holes are symmetrically formed in the other two opposite mounting plates, wherein the first mounting through holes and the second mounting through holes are staggered up and down or front and back or left and right; the first locating frames are movably connected between the two first mounting through holes, and the second locating frames are movably connected between the two second mounting through holes.
Further, each first installation through hole is internally provided with two first connecting rods, two first sliding grooves are formed in one ends, connected with the first installation through holes, of the first positioning frames, the end portions of the first connecting rods are located in the corresponding first sliding grooves, each first connecting rod is sleeved with a first reset spring, one end of each first reset spring is connected with the side wall of each first installation through hole, and the other ends of the first reset springs are fixedly connected with the corresponding first positioning frames.
Further, each second installation through hole is internally provided with two second connecting rods, two second sliding grooves are formed in one ends, connected with the second installation through holes, of the second positioning frames, the end parts of the second connecting rods are located in the corresponding second sliding grooves, each second connecting rod is sleeved with a second reset spring, one end of each second reset spring is connected with the side wall of each second installation through hole, and the other ends of the second reset springs are fixedly connected with the corresponding second positioning frames.
Further, the transverse driving assembly comprises a fixed block fixedly arranged on the top surface of the mounting frame, a supporting shaft penetrates through the fixed block along the long axis direction of the side edge of the mounting frame, two opposite supporting shafts are symmetrically and slidingly connected with two transverse force loading columns, sliding blocks are fixedly arranged at two ends of each transverse force loading column, and the sliding blocks are sleeved on the corresponding supporting shafts in a sliding manner;
the pulley block is located between the control shell and the sliding blocks corresponding to each other, the pulley block mounting frame of the pulley block is connected with the sliding blocks corresponding to each other through a connecting rod, and a control driving mechanism for driving the two pulley blocks to synchronously move is arranged in the control shell.
Further, the control driving mechanism comprises a hollow sleeve fixedly arranged on the side surface of the control shell, a driving motor is slidably arranged in the hollow sleeve, a handle is fixedly connected to one side surface, far away from the output end, of the driving motor, a moving through hole matched with the handle is further formed in the hollow sleeve, and two limiting grooves used for limiting the handle are further formed in one side of the moving through hole in a communicating mode;
the driving gear is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the driving motor, the end part of the output end of the driving motor is fixedly provided with a bulge, the outer sliding sleeve of the bulge is provided with a limiting gear, a square limiting block is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the limiting gear, which is far away from the driving gear, of the limiting gear, a movable square hole matched with the square limiting block is formed in the control shell, and the square limiting block is in sliding connection with the movable square hole; two sides of the driving gear and the limiting gear are symmetrically meshed with two winch groups which are correspondingly connected with the two pulley blocks.
Further, the winch group comprises a first winch meshed with the driving gear, the first winch is rotationally connected with the control shell, a third winch parallel to the first winch is rotationally connected in the control shell, and the first winch is fixedly connected with the third winch; a second winch is arranged between the first winch and the third winch, and the second winch is meshed with the limit gear; a plurality of first grooves are formed in two side surfaces of the second winch, a second groove matched with the first groove is formed in one side surface, close to the second winch, of the first winch and the third winch, the first groove is connected with the second groove corresponding to the first groove through V-shaped spring pieces, when the second winch rotates, the first winch and the third winch can be driven to rotate, and when the first winch and the third winch rotate, the second winch cannot be driven to rotate; the pulley block is characterized in that two groups of movable ropes on the pulley block are respectively wound on the first winch and the third winch, and a fixed rope fixedly connected with a pulley block mounting frame of the pulley block is wound on the second winch.
Further, the longitudinal loading assembly comprises a longitudinal installation frame arranged in the center of the installation frame along the vertical direction, two hydraulic rods are symmetrically arranged at the top and the bottom of the longitudinal installation frame, and the output end of each hydraulic rod is connected with the loading rod.
Further, the experimental method of the true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system for the rock is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1: placing the sample between two loading rods connected with the longitudinal loading assembly, and fixing the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample through the longitudinal loading assembly, wherein the loading rods connected with the four transverse force loading columns keep the same height in the horizontal direction;
s2: fixing the front, back, left and right of the sample through a transverse driving assembly;
s3: the transverse driving assembly or the longitudinal loading assembly is used for applying acting force to the sample, and the change condition of the sample is observed through a camera embedded in the loading rod.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that,
1. according to the rock true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system, the visual positioning assemblies are arranged at the end parts of the six loading rods, and when the loading rods transmit acting forces in two directions to the pressing plate, as the loading rods and the visual positioning assemblies are made of transparent materials, the change condition in the rock can be observed in a visual and clear manner through the cameras embedded in the loading rods, so that the technical problem of real-time observation of a rock three-dimensional six-surface deformation field by adopting digital image acquisition equipment under the condition of the true triaxial is well solved, and the rock true triaxial visual three-dimensional loading is realized.
2. The visual positioning assembly in the true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system for the rock adopts six loading rods to connect with six visual positioning assemblies to load the sample, and the loading end can react along with the deformation of the sample, so that all surfaces of the sample can be fully wrapped.
3. In the true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system for the rock, the visual positioning assembly is connected with the loading rod through the interaction among the first positioning frame, the second positioning frame and the pressing plate, the first positioning frame and the second positioning frame are sleeved on the corresponding first connecting rod and the second connecting rod in a sliding mode, the first positioning frame and the second positioning frame are respectively provided with the first reset spring and the second reset spring correspondingly between the first positioning frame and the corresponding mounting plate, and the size of the pressing plate is larger than that of the section of the sample, so that six pressing plates are mutually staggered after being tightly attached to the sample, the loading rod is not positioned at the center of the pressing plate, but is deviated from the center of the pressing plate, one of the two equal-length reset springs is compressed and one is stretched, a force pulling the positioning frame towards the center is generated, the positioning frame is clamped on the loading rod, the position of the loading rod is unchanged, the loading rod can give a force leaning towards the center to the pressing plate, the six pressing plates are tightly attached together, and the acting force directions of the six loading rods can be intersected at one point.
4. The transverse loading assembly adopts the mutual matching of the pulley block and the winch group, so that two parallel transverse force loading columns can be synchronously close to each other, and the front side surface, the rear side surface or the left side surface and the right side surface of a sample are simultaneously clamped and fixed; the transverse recording assembly of the invention can realize the moving speed between the two loading rods corresponding to each other by moving the position of the driving motor so as to adjust the engagement or disengagement of the limiting gear and the second winch, and is suitable for different experimental stages; when a sample is fixed or the sample needs to be taken out, the position of a driving motor is adjusted to enable a driving gear connected to the driving motor to be meshed with a second winch, and the driving motor drives the second winch to rotate, so that the first winch and a third winch are driven to synchronously rotate, and a transverse force loading column in a transverse loading assembly moves at the fastest speed; when the experiment begins and needs to provide great pressure, the position of the driving motor is adjusted, so that a driving gear on the driving motor is meshed with the first winch, at the moment, when the second winch is meshed with the limiting gear, the second winch cannot rotate due to the blocking effect of the limiting gear, only the first winch and the third winch rotate, the pulley block is driven to slowly move, and acting force is applied to the sample.
5. The longitudinal loading assembly can control the acting force in the Z-axis direction of the sample, so that the sample can be always positioned at the center position in the longitudinal direction, and the intersection point of the acting force in the horizontal direction can be intersected at the same point.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the experimental system of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a partially disassembled structure of the experimental system of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the loading rod and visual positioning assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view of the overall structure of the load lever and visual positioning assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the overall structure of the loading rod and visual positioning assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the visual positioning assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the visual positioning assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the first positioning frame according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic side view of a visual positioning assembly according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the rear structure of the visual positioning assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of a first positioning frame structure according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the transverse loading assembly and the longitudinal loading assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a partially disassembled schematic illustration of the transverse loading assembly and the longitudinal loading assembly of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic view of the mounting frame structure of the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a top view of the transverse and longitudinal loading assembly structures of the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic view of a transverse driving assembly according to the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a pulley block structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a schematic view of the movable and fixed rope structures of the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a schematic view of the control housing structure of the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a sectional view showing the internal structure of the control housing of the present invention.
Fig. 21 is an exploded view showing the internal structure of the control housing of the present invention.
FIG. 22 is a schematic view of the winch assembly of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the first winch and the third winch according to the present invention.
Wherein: the test specimen comprises a mounting frame, a 2-transverse force loading column, 201-sliding blocks, 3-loading rods, 4-transverse driving components, 401-fixed blocks, 402-supporting shafts, 403-control housings, 404-pulley blocks, 4041-pulley block mounting frames, 405-connecting rods, 406-hollow sleeves, 407-driving motors, 408-handles, 409-moving through holes, 410-limiting grooves, 411-driving gears, 412-protrusions, 413-limiting gears, 414-square limiting blocks, 415-moving square holes, 416-first winches, 417-third winches, 418-second winches, 419-first grooves, 420-second grooves, 421-spring plates, 422-movable ropes, 423-fixed ropes, 5-visual positioning components, 501-pressing plates, 502-mounting plates, 503-first mounting through holes, 5031-first connecting rods, 5032-first reset springs, 504-second mounting through holes, 5041-second connecting rods, 5042-second reset springs, 505-first positioning frames, 5051-first sliding grooves, 506-second positioning frames, 61-507-first sliding grooves, 507-601-5-sliding grooves.
Detailed Description
In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment one:
the real triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system for the rock comprises a mounting frame 1, wherein the center of the mounting frame 1 is of an opening structure, the mounting frame 1 is of a two-layer structure, and each layer is of a frame structure with four sides connected end to end; the transverse loading assembly and the longitudinal loading assembly are arranged on the mounting frame 1, the transverse loading assembly comprises four groups of transverse driving assemblies 4 arranged on the mounting frame 1, two transverse force loading columns 2 are in transmission connection between two opposite groups of transverse driving assemblies 4, the center of each transverse force loading column 2 is connected with a loading rod 3, and the four loading rods 3 are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction;
the longitudinal loading assembly is also symmetrically connected with two loading rods 3 along the vertical direction, and one ends of the six loading rods 3, which are close to the center of the mounting frame 1, are respectively connected with a visual positioning assembly 5; the loading rods 3 are made of transparent materials, and cameras (not shown in the figure) are embedded in each loading rod 3.
In this embodiment, the longitudinal loading assembly includes a longitudinal mounting frame 6 disposed at the center of the mounting frame 1 along a vertical direction, the bottom of the longitudinal mounting frame 6 is coplanar with the bottom of the mounting frame 1, the center of the bottom of the longitudinal mounting frame 6 coincides with the center of the bottom of the mounting frame 1, two hydraulic rods 601 are symmetrically disposed at the top and bottom of the longitudinal mounting frame 6, the output ends of the two hydraulic rods 601 are disposed in opposite directions, and each output end of the hydraulic rod 601 is connected with the loading rod 3.
In this embodiment, the lateral driving component 4 may also adopt a hydraulic rod, for example, a bidirectional hydraulic rod, where two output ends of the bidirectional hydraulic rod are respectively connected to a lateral force loading column 2; or any other structure capable of driving the lateral force loading column 2 to move in the horizontal direction.
Further, the visual positioning assembly 5 includes a pressing plate 501, a side surface of the pressing plate 501 away from the center of the installation frame 1 is fixedly provided with four installation plates 502, a box-like structure similar to that with an opening is formed between the pressing plate 501 and the four installation plates 502, a first positioning frame 505 and a second positioning frame 506 are connected between the four installation plates 502 in a staggered manner, the first positioning frame 505 is located between the second positioning frame 506 and the pressing plate 501, and the loading rod 3 is located in a space formed by the first positioning frame 505 and the second positioning frame 506 in a staggered manner; a connecting plate 507 is fixedly arranged at one end of the loading rod 3, which is close to the center of the mounting frame 1, the connecting plate 507 is positioned between the pressing plate 501 and the first positioning frame 505, and the size of the connecting plate 507 is larger than the space size formed by the first positioning frame 505 and the second positioning frame 506 in a staggered manner; the loading rod 3 and the connecting plate 507 are connected through the first positioning frame 505, the second positioning frame 506 and the pressing plate 501, and the loading rod 3 can move along with the movement of the first positioning frame 505 and the second positioning frame 506; and clamp plate 501, mounting panel 502, first locating frame 505, second locating frame 506 with the connecting plate 507 is transparent high strength material, and the camera of being convenient for load pole 3 embedment is shot and is observed.
The two opposite mounting plates 502 are symmetrically provided with first mounting through holes 503, the other two opposite mounting plates 502 are symmetrically provided with second mounting through holes 504, the first mounting through holes 503 and the second mounting through holes 504 are staggered up and down or front and back or left and right, the first mounting through holes 503 are closer to the pressing plate 501, the two first mounting through holes 503 are movably connected with a first positioning frame 505, and the two second mounting through holes 504 are movably connected with a second positioning frame 506.
Each first mounting through hole 503 is internally provided with two first connecting rods 5031, one end of each first positioning frame 505 connected with each first mounting through hole 503 is provided with two first sliding grooves 5051, the end part of each first connecting rod 5031 is positioned in the corresponding first sliding groove 5051, each first connecting rod 5031 is sleeved with a first reset spring 5032, one end of each first reset spring 5032 is connected with the side wall of each first mounting through hole 503, and the other end of each first reset spring 5032 is fixedly connected with the corresponding first positioning frame 505.
Each second mounting through hole 504 is internally provided with two second connecting rods 5041, one end of each second positioning frame 506 connected with each second mounting through hole 504 is provided with two second sliding grooves 5061, the end parts of the second connecting rods 5041 are positioned in the corresponding second sliding grooves 5061, each second connecting rod 5041 is sleeved with a second reset spring 5042, one end of each second reset spring 5042 is connected with the side wall of each second mounting through hole 504, and the other end of each second reset spring 5042 is fixedly connected with the corresponding second positioning frame 506. The loading rod 3 is capable of centering and fixing the sample 8 when moving up and down or right and left or back and forth along with the movement of the lateral force loading column 2 and the longitudinal force loading plate 4.
The experimental method of the true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system in the invention specifically comprises the following steps,
s1: placing the sample 7 between the loading rods 3 connected with the two hydraulic rods 601, and synchronously starting the two hydraulic rods 601, so that the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample 7 are fixed by the pressing plates 501 correspondingly connected with the loading rods 3 arranged on the two hydraulic rods 601, and the sample 7 and the loading rods 3 connected with the four transverse force loading columns 2 keep the same height in the horizontal direction;
s2: the front, back, left and right of the sample 7 are fixed by the transverse driving assembly 4;
specifically, the transverse driving assembly 4 drives the two corresponding transverse force loading columns 2 to move left and right or back and forth, so as to drive the pressing plates 501 correspondingly connected with the loading rods 3 arranged on the four transverse force loading columns 2 to fix the sample 7 back and forth and left and right.
Since the size of the pressing plate 501 is larger than the size of the section of the sample 7, the six pressing plates 501 are mutually staggered after being tightly attached to the sample 7, the loading rod 3 is not positioned at the center of the pressing plate 501, but is deviated from the center of the pressing plate 501, one of the first reset springs 5032 or the second reset springs 5042 at the two ends of the first positioning frame 505 or the second positioning frame 506 corresponding to each other is compressed and elongated, a force for pulling the first positioning frame 505 or the second positioning frame 506 towards the center is generated, the first positioning frame 505 and the second positioning frame 506 are clamped on the loading rod 3, the position of the loading rod 3 is unchanged, the loading rod 3 can apply a force for leaning towards the center to the pressing plate 501, the six pressing plates 501 are tightly attached together, and the acting force directions of the six loading rods 3 can be intersected.
The loading rod 3 is fixed in the mounting through hole of the transverse force loading column 2, moves along with the movement of the transverse force loading column 2 (or the hydraulic rod 601), the first reset spring 5032 and the second reset spring 5042 deform after the pressing plate 501 is attached to the sample 7, the first positioning frame 505 and the second positioning frame 506 are pulled along with the change of the size of the sample 7, and finally the six pressing plates 501 can still be attached tightly along with the change of the size of the sample 7, so that the sample 7 is completely wrapped in the clamping plate.
S3: the transverse driving assembly 4 or the hydraulic rod 601 applies acting force to the sample 7, and the change condition of the sample 8 is observed through a camera embedded in the loading rod 3.
Embodiment two:
on the basis of the first embodiment, the transverse driving assembly in this embodiment is shown in fig. 12-23.
The transverse driving assembly 4 comprises a fixed block 401 fixedly arranged on the top surface of the mounting frame 1, the fixed block 401 is of a step-shaped structure, a supporting shaft 402 penetrates through the fixed block 401 along the long axis direction of the side edge of the mounting frame 1 corresponding to each other, the supporting shaft 402 is arranged in parallel with the top surface of the mounting frame 1, the supporting shaft 402 is fixedly connected with the fixed block 401, two transverse force loading columns 2 are symmetrically and slidingly connected between the two opposite supporting shafts 402, sliding blocks 201 are fixedly arranged at two ends of each transverse force loading column 2, and the sliding blocks 201 are sleeved on the corresponding supporting shafts 402 in a sliding manner;
a control shell 403 is fixedly arranged on the fixed block 401, two pulley blocks 404 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the control shell 403, the pulley blocks 404 are positioned between the control shell 403 and the corresponding sliding blocks 201, a pulley block mounting frame 4041 of the pulley blocks 404 is connected with the corresponding sliding blocks 201 through a connecting rod 405, and a control driving mechanism for driving the two pulley blocks 404 to synchronously move is arranged in the control shell 403; each control driving mechanism can synchronously drive two pulley blocks 404 connected with the control driving mechanisms to synchronously move in opposite directions or move in opposite directions, and the two opposite control driving mechanisms simultaneously drive two transverse force loading columns 2 positioned between the two control driving mechanisms to move, so that the two transverse force loading columns 2 which are parallel to each other can synchronously move in parallel.
Specifically, the control driving mechanism includes a hollow sleeve 406 fixedly disposed on a side surface of the control housing 403, a driving motor 407 is slidably mounted in the hollow sleeve 406, a handle 408 is fixedly connected to a side surface of the driving motor 407 away from the output end, a moving through hole 409 matched with the handle 408 is further formed in the hollow sleeve 406, and two limiting grooves 410 for limiting the handle 408 are further communicated with one side of the moving through hole 409; the driving motor 407 is pulled by the handle 408 to move in the hollow sleeve 406, and when the handle 408 is clamped in the limiting groove 410, the position of the driving motor 407 can be limited.
A driving gear 411 is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the driving motor 407, a protrusion 412 is fixedly sleeved on the end of the output end of the driving motor 407, a limiting gear 413 is sleeved outside the protrusion 412 in a sliding manner, a square limiting block 414 is fixedly arranged on one side surface of the limiting gear 413 away from the driving gear 411, a movable square hole 415 matched with the square limiting block 414 is formed in the control shell 403, and the square limiting block 414 is in sliding connection with the movable square hole 415; under the cooperation of the square limiting block 414 and the movable square hole 415, the limiting gear 413 can only move along the direction of the movable square hole 415 and cannot rotate, the limiting gear 413 is rotationally connected with the boss 412, and the rotation of the output end of the driving motor 407 is not affected.
Two winch groups which are correspondingly connected with the two pulley blocks 404 are symmetrically meshed on two sides of the driving gear 411 and the limiting gear 413.
The winch group comprises a first winch 416 meshed with the driving gear 411, the first winch 416 is rotatably connected with the control housing 403, a third winch 417 parallel to the first winch 416 is rotatably connected in the control housing 403, the first winch 416 is fixedly connected with the third winch 417, the first winch 416 and the third winch 417 synchronously rotate, the difference between the third winch 417 and the first winch 416 is that teeth are distributed on the periphery of the third winch 417, teeth capable of being meshed with the driving gear 411 are arranged on the periphery of the first winch 416, wire grooves are formed in the periphery of the first winch 416 and the third winch 417, two groups of movable ropes 422 on the pulley block 404 are wound in the wire grooves of the first winch 416 and the third winch 417 respectively, and the movable ropes 422 on the pulley block 404 can be wound through the rotation of the first winch 416 and the third winch 417.
A second winch 418 is arranged between the first winch 416 and the third winch 417, the second winch 418 is sleeved on a shaft connected between the first winch 416 and the third winch 417, the second winch 418 is meshed with the limiting gear 413, meanwhile, the second winch 418 can be meshed with the driving gear 411, the second winch 418 is meshed with the limiting gear 413 or the driving gear 411 according to the position change of the driving motor 407, and the setting positions of the two limiting grooves 410 are also set according to the meshing positions of the second winch 418 and the limiting gear 413 or the driving gear 411; a plurality of first grooves 419 are formed on both sides of the second winch 418, a second groove 420 matched with the first groove 419 is also formed on one side of the first winch 416 and one side of the third winch 417, which are close to the second winch 418, the first groove 419 and the second groove 420 corresponding to each other are connected through a V-shaped spring piece 421 to form a ratchet-like structure, so that the first winch 416 and the third winch 417 can be driven to rotate when the second winch 418 rotates, and the first winch 416 and the third winch 417 can not be driven to rotate when the first winch 416 and the third winch 417 rotate; the second winch 418 is also provided with a wire slot along the axial direction, and one end of a fixed rope 423 fixedly connected with the pulley block mounting frame 4041 of the pulley block 404 is wound in the wire slot of the second winch 417.
The working principle of the transverse driving assembly 4 in the invention is as follows: when the sample 7 is fixed, the driving motor 407 is pulled by the handle 408 to move in the hollow sleeve 406, and when the driving gear 411 connected to the driving motor 407 is meshed with the second winch 418, the handle 408 is clamped in the corresponding limiting groove 410, so that the position of the driving motor 407 is limited, and the limiting gear 413 is positioned between the second winch 418 and the third winch 417; starting a driving motor 407, driving a second winch 418 to rotate through the driving motor 407, driving a first winch 416 and a third winch 417 to synchronously rotate, and driving two pulley blocks 404 to move in opposite directions through a connecting rod 405, so as to drive two transverse force loading columns 2 to move along a supporting shaft 402 at the fastest speed; when the experiment is started and a large pressure needs to be provided, the position of the driving motor 407 is adjusted, so that the driving gear 411 on the driving motor 407 is meshed with the first winch 416, at the moment, the second winch 418 is meshed with the limiting gear 413, the second winch 418 cannot rotate due to the blocking effect of the limiting gear 413, only the first winch 416 and the third winch 417 rotate, the pulley block 404 is driven to slowly move, and acting force is applied to the sample 7.
When it is necessary to take out the sample 7, the pulley block 404 is detached from the lateral force loading column 2 by unloading, and the two lateral force loading columns 2 parallel to each other are manually moved away from each other along the support shaft 402, thereby taking out the sample 7.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (6)
1. The true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system for the rock comprises a mounting frame (1), and is characterized in that: the center of the mounting frame (1) is of an opening structure, the mounting frame (1) is provided with a transverse loading assembly and a longitudinal loading assembly, the transverse loading assembly comprises four groups of transverse driving assemblies (4) mounted on the mounting frame (1), two transverse force loading columns (2) are connected between two opposite groups of transverse driving assemblies (4) in a transmission manner, the center of each transverse force loading column (2) is connected with a loading rod (3), and the four loading rods (3) are symmetrically arranged in the horizontal direction;
the longitudinal loading assembly is also symmetrically connected with two loading rods (3) along the vertical direction; one ends of the six loading rods (3) close to the center of the mounting frame (1) are connected with visual positioning assemblies (5); the loading rods (3) are made of transparent materials, and cameras are embedded in each loading rod (3);
the visual positioning assembly (5) comprises a pressing plate (501), four mounting plates (502) are fixedly arranged on one side surface, away from the center of the mounting frame (1), of the pressing plate (501), a first positioning frame (505) and a second positioning frame (506) are connected between the four mounting plates (502) in a staggered mode, the first positioning frame (505) is located between the second positioning frame (506) and the pressing plate (501), and the loading rod (3) is located in a space formed by the first positioning frame (505) and the second positioning frame (506) in a staggered mode; a connecting plate (507) is fixedly arranged at one end of the loading rod (3) close to the center of the mounting frame (1), and the connecting plate (507) is positioned between the pressing plate (501) and the first positioning frame (505); the pressing plate (501), the mounting plate (502), the first positioning frame (505), the second positioning frame (506) and the connecting plate (507) are all made of transparent materials;
the two opposite mounting plates (502) are symmetrically provided with first mounting through holes (503), the other two opposite mounting plates (502) are symmetrically provided with second mounting through holes (504), and the first mounting through holes (503) and the second mounting through holes (504) are staggered up and down or front and back or left and right; the first positioning frame (505) is movably connected between the two first mounting through holes (503), and the second positioning frame (506) is movably connected between the two second mounting through holes (504);
two first connecting rods (5031) are arranged in each first mounting through hole (503), two first sliding grooves (5051) are formed in one end, connected with the first mounting through holes (503), of each first positioning frame (505), the end parts of the first connecting rods (5031) are located in the corresponding first sliding grooves (5051), first reset springs (5032) are sleeved on each first connecting rod (5031), one end of each first reset spring (5032) is connected with the side wall of each first mounting through hole (503), and the other end of each first reset spring (5032) is fixedly connected with the corresponding first positioning frame (505);
every all be equipped with two second connecting rods (5041) in second installation through-hole (504), second locating frame (506) with two second sliding tray (5061) have been seted up to the one end that second installation through-hole (504) is connected, the tip of second connecting rod (5041) is located corresponding second sliding tray (5061), every all overlap on second connecting rod (5041) and be equipped with second reset spring (5042), the one end of second reset spring (5042) with the lateral wall of second installation through-hole (504) is connected, the other end and the second locating frame (506) fixed connection that correspond each other of second reset spring (5042).
2. The true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system of rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transverse driving assembly (4) comprises a fixed block (401) fixedly arranged on the top surface of the mounting frame (1), supporting shafts (402) are penetrated and arranged in the fixed block (401) along the long axis direction of the side edge of the mounting frame (1) corresponding to each other, two transverse force loading columns (2) are symmetrically and slidingly connected between the two opposite supporting shafts (402), sliding blocks (201) are fixedly arranged at two ends of each transverse force loading column (2), and the sliding blocks (201) are sleeved on the corresponding supporting shafts (402) in a sliding mode;
control casing (403) has set firmly on fixed block (401), the bilateral symmetry of control casing (403) is equipped with two assembly pulleys (404), assembly pulleys (404) are located between control casing (403) and slider (201) that correspond each other, just be connected through connecting rod (405) between assembly pulley mounting bracket (4041) and slider (201) that correspond each other of assembly pulleys (404), install the control actuating mechanism that is used for driving two assembly pulleys (404) synchronous movement in control casing (403).
3. The true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system of rock according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control driving mechanism comprises a hollow sleeve (406) fixedly arranged on the side surface of the control shell (403), a driving motor (407) is slidably arranged in the hollow sleeve (406), a handle (408) is fixedly connected to one side surface of the driving motor (407) far away from the output end, a moving through hole (409) matched with the handle (408) is further formed in the hollow sleeve (406), and two limiting grooves (410) used for limiting the handle (408) are further communicated on one side of the moving through hole (409);
the driving gear (411) is fixedly sleeved on the output end of the driving motor (407), the bulge (412) is fixedly arranged at the end part of the output end of the driving motor (407), the limiting gear (413) is sleeved outside the bulge (412) in a sliding mode, a square limiting block (414) is fixedly arranged on one side surface, far away from the driving gear (411), of the limiting gear (413), a movable square hole (415) matched with the square limiting block (414) is formed in the control shell (403), and the square limiting block (414) is in sliding connection with the movable square hole (415); two sides of the driving gear (411) and the limiting gear (413) are symmetrically meshed and provided with two winch groups which are correspondingly connected with the two pulley blocks (404).
4. A true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system for rock according to claim 3, characterized in that: the winch group comprises a first winch (416) meshed with the driving gear (411), the first winch (416) is rotatably connected with the control shell (403), a third winch (417) parallel to the first winch (416) is rotatably connected in the control shell (403), and the first winch (416) is fixedly connected with the third winch (417); a second winch (418) is arranged between the first winch (416) and the third winch (417), and the second winch (418) is meshed with the limiting gear (413); a plurality of first grooves (419) are formed in two side surfaces of the second winch (418), a second groove (420) matched with the first groove (419) is formed in one side surface, close to the second winch (418), of the first winch (416) and the third winch (417), the first groove (419) is connected with the second groove (420) corresponding to the first groove through V-shaped spring pieces (421), when the second winch (418) rotates, the first winch (416) and the third winch (417) can be driven to rotate, and the first winch (416) and the third winch (417) can not be driven to rotate; two groups of movable ropes (422) on the pulley block (404) are respectively wound on the first winch (416) and the third winch (417), and a fixed rope (423) fixedly connected with a pulley block mounting frame (4041) of the pulley block (404) is wound on the second winch (418).
5. The true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system of rock according to claim 1, characterized in that: the longitudinal loading assembly comprises a longitudinal installation frame (6) arranged in the center of the installation frame (1) along the vertical direction, two hydraulic rods (601) are symmetrically arranged at the top and the bottom of the longitudinal installation frame (6), and the output end of each hydraulic rod (601) is connected with the loading rod (3).
6. The method for experimental a true triaxial visual three-dimensional experimental system for rock according to any one of claim 1 to 5, including the steps of,
s1: placing the sample (7) between two loading rods (3) connected with the longitudinal loading assembly, and fixing the top surface and the bottom surface of the sample (7) through the longitudinal loading assembly, wherein the loading rods (3) connected with the four transverse force loading columns (2) of the sample (7) are kept at the same height in the horizontal direction;
s2: fixing the front, back, left and right of the sample (7) through a transverse driving assembly (4);
s3: the transverse driving assembly (4) or the longitudinal loading assembly respectively applies acting force to the sample (7), and the change condition of the sample (7) is observed through a camera embedded in the loading rod (3).
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101169356A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2008-04-30 | 西安理工大学 | Triaxial independent loading pressure chamber structure true triaxial apparatus |
| CN109187206A (en) * | 2018-08-18 | 2019-01-11 | 中山大学 | A kind of true triaxial pressure chamber that engineering soft rock catastrophe overall process is visual |
| CN111398024A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-10 | 中山大学 | True triaxial rock seepage test loading device and test system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109916722A (en) * | 2019-04-22 | 2019-06-21 | 东北大学 | A kind of double-layer concentric loading frame structure suitable for true triaxial test machine |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101169356A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2008-04-30 | 西安理工大学 | Triaxial independent loading pressure chamber structure true triaxial apparatus |
| CN109187206A (en) * | 2018-08-18 | 2019-01-11 | 中山大学 | A kind of true triaxial pressure chamber that engineering soft rock catastrophe overall process is visual |
| CN111398024A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-07-10 | 中山大学 | True triaxial rock seepage test loading device and test system |
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