KR100611567B1 - Wear properties tester of material - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus for testing the abrasion properties of materials, and more particularly, to a material applied to a mechanical structure, such as a low temperature / high pressure in a deep sea, a vacuum / temperature difference in a space-like situation, and a steam generator of a nuclear power plant. Simultaneously produce high temperature / high pressure situations such as the interior, but the pressure control device is located outside the chamber and the cooling system and the pressure boundary, so that the mechanical properties of the material such as abrasion can be controlled under various extreme environments. A device for testing the abrasion properties of materials made possible for testing.

That is, the present invention is provided with a fixing jig (Jig) for fixing the test piece provided therein and a test chamber for simulating the test situation; A drive device installed in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction of the chamber to generate a load and a displacement necessary for a test; A cooling device interposed in the chamber and the driving device to protect the load cell and the sensor provided inside the driving device from heat generated in the chamber; A hydrochemical regulator in communication with the interior of the chamber to maintain a constant high / high pressure test environment; The hydrochemical control device and the driving device are electrically connected to each other to control, and to calculate and display and control the work according to the load and displacement in the chamber; provides an apparatus for testing the wear properties of the material comprising a.

Extreme Environment, Wear Properties, Test Equipment

Description

Wear properties tester of material

1 is a conceptual diagram showing the entire system according to the wear property test apparatus of the material according to the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view showing a test chamber and a driving device of the wear property test apparatus of the material according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a perspective view showing a fixing jig fixed to the test piece of the wear property test apparatus of the material according to the present invention.

4 is a schematic diagram showing the type of abrasion test by the abrasion property test apparatus of the material of the present invention.

<Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

10: chamber 20, 20 ': cooling device

30, 30 ': Fixed jig 32, 32': Test piece

40, 40 ': drive shaft 50, 50': drive device

60, 60 ': back pressure balance control part 70, 70': drive part

80, 80 ': Position correction sensor 82, 82': Position measurement sensor

100: control unit 200: hydrochemical control device

300: online server

The present invention relates to an apparatus for testing the abrasion properties of materials, and more particularly, to a material applied to a mechanical structure, such as a low temperature / high pressure in a deep sea, a vacuum / temperature difference in a space-like situation, and a steam generator of a nuclear power plant. Mechanical properties of materials such as abrasion and friction under a variety of extreme environments, with a drive that simulates internally high temperature / high pressures, but whose pressure is automatically controlled, is located outside the chamber and cooling system and pressure boundary. A device for testing the abrasion properties of materials capable of testing

In general, a mechanical structure consists of a number of accessories, and various mechanical elements serve their original purpose by relative movement. Such mechanical structures are mostly used at room temperature / atmosphere, but as requirements are diversified due to technological development, low temperature / high pressure such as deep sea, vacuum / temperature difference such as space, high temperature / high pressure environment in nuclear power plant, etc. Increasingly, they are used in many different extreme environments.

In the above-mentioned universe, the spacecraft's orbit 500km shows a high vacuum of 10-7㎩, and the surface temperature of the spacecraft is 120 ℃ on the sun side and -120 ℃ on the opposite side. In addition, steam generators of nuclear power plants (hereinafter referred to as nuclear power plants) are equipped with structural materials at high pressures of 150 bar and high temperatures of about 300 ° C. In order to design and build a mechanical structure used in such an environment, the mechanical properties of the material, such as wear in the environment used, must first be known. In particular, wear occurs between the heat transfer pipe and the insulator support in the steam generator, which is an important issue in the safety of nuclear power plants. Therefore, there is a need for a test apparatus that can grasp mechanical properties such as a wear tester capable of implementing a wear test according to a low displacement in a high temperature / high pressure situation.

Conventional wear property test apparatus is provided outside the chamber pressure boundary in which the mechanical drive device is tested can easily test the mechanical properties at room temperature / atmosphere, but in extreme environments, that is, high temperature / high pressure, low temperature / high pressure, vacuum / Testing under conditions such as temperature differences is not possible. When the test is performed in a conventional wear test apparatus as described above, when the atmospheric pressure and the pressure difference are large, the pressure in the chamber leaks through the drive shaft and the chamber connection passing through the chamber boundary, and the continuity of the test is reduced. In order to control and measure the load and displacement required for the property test, the load cell and the displacement sensor are used to determine the exact load or displacement value inside the chamber as the malfunction rate increases under such conditions as high temperature / high pressure, low temperature / high pressure, and vacuum / temperature difference. In order to simulate the extreme test environment, the size of the test chamber is limited so that the test range of the mechanical properties of the material is reduced, and the driving method of the driving device that generates the necessary load and displacement during the test is mostly caused by cams and gears. Driven by a mechanical control, it is impossible to control accurate loads and displacements Not only the shape but also the triangular waveform, the sawtooth waveform has a problem that is limited in various forms of motion.

 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its object is to provide a low temperature / high pressure in a deep sea situation, a vacuum / temperature difference in a space situation, and extreme conditions such as a high temperature / high pressure in a steam generator of a nuclear power plant. In a chamber capable of implementing the present invention, an apparatus for testing the wear property of a material which enables a test such as abrasion to be carried out by placing a driving device whose pressure is automatically adjusted in a pressure boundary is provided.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is provided with a fixing jig (Jig) for fixing a test piece provided therein and a test chamber for simulating the test situation; A drive device installed in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction of the chamber to generate a load and a displacement necessary for a test; A cooling device interposed in the chamber and the driving device to protect the load cell and the sensor provided inside the driving device from heat generated in the chamber; A hydrochemical regulator in communication with the interior of the chamber to maintain a constant high / high pressure test environment; And a controller for electrically controlling the hydrochemical control device and the driving device, respectively, and calculating and displaying and controlling the power according to the load and the displacement in the chamber. Abrasion properties of materials applied to machine structures can be tested even under extreme conditions of high temperature / high pressure, such as vacuum / temperature differences in the situation and inside steam generators of nuclear power plants.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail a specific embodiment of the present invention.

The wear property test apparatus of the material of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with a test chamber 10 that simulates the test situation as shown in FIG. 1, and is installed in the horizontal and vertical directions of the chamber 10 to perform the test. Drive devices 50, 50 ′ that generate loads and displacements, and the drive devices 50, 50 interposed between the drive devices 50, 50 ′ and the chamber 10 from heat generated in the chamber 10. ') Cooling devices (20, 20') to protect the electrical and electronic devices provided therein, and the hydrochemical control device 200 in communication with the interior of the chamber 10 to maintain a constant high / high pressure test environment (200) ) And the control unit 100 which electrically controls the hydrochemical control device 200 and the driving devices 50 and 50 ', respectively, and calculates, displays and controls the power according to the load and displacement in the chamber 10. ), And an online server that allows for test progress and remote control online. .

As shown in FIG. 2, the chamber 10 may be subjected to extreme environments such as high temperature / high pressure, such as deep sea / temperature under a deep sea, vacuum / temperature difference under a space, and steam generator inside a nuclear power plant. The fixing jig 30, which can fix the test pieces 32 and 32 'to a space where mechanical properties of materials such as wear and friction are performed at a high temperature of 300 ° C., a low temperature of -120 ° C., and a pressure of 150 bar. 30 ') is provided in the middle of the drive shafts 40 and 40' so that it can be operated back and forth or up and down.

Here, the fixing jig (30, 30 ') is a mechanism for fixing the test piece (32, 32') and transmit the load and displacement required for the test to the test piece (32, 32 ') to hold the plate-like test piece (32') The fixing jig 30 'and the fixing jig 30' are formed with a semicircular mounting groove formed to fix the test piece 32 having a tube shape.

The driving device 50, 50 ′ is a back pressure balance control unit 60 for adjusting the pressure change due to the volume change with the chamber 10 by the movement of the drive shafts 40, 40 ′ extending to the inside of the chamber 10. 60 ') and the driving unit 70 which is installed at the rear of the back pressure balance control unit 60, 60' to reciprocate the test piece 32, 32 'fixed to the fixing jig 30, 30' up or down or back and forth. 70 ').

The back pressure balance control unit (60, 60 ') is formed of a soft material and is easy to return if the pressure applied during deformation is removed, and the drive (50, 50') according to the reciprocating motion of the drive (50, 50 '). Drive bellows (62, 62 ') for transmitting the load and displacement into the chamber (10) and the movement direction of the drive bellows (62, 62') in the opposite direction to the drive (50, 50 ') Back pressure control bellows (64, 64 ') is formed integrally formed of a flexible material so that a constant pressure can be maintained, easy to deform, return.

The driving units 70 and 70 'are electrically connected to the control unit 100 and are generated by the magnetic generating coils 74 and 74' that generate a magnetic field by receiving power and the magnetic generating coils 74 and 74 '. Magnetic coil type linear motor (Magnetic Liner Motor) consisting of magnet parts 72 and 72 'linearly reciprocating with the magnetic field.

That is, the inside of the above-described driving device (50, 50 ') is filled with an incompressible fluid is completely blocked from the outside, the connector 52, 52' is provided so as to be electrically connected to the control unit 100, the connector The magnetic coil type linear motor, which is linearly reciprocated by the power supplied by (52, 52 '), is installed at the rear end, and has a load cell (Load cell: 42, 42') inside the pressure boundary. Actions are taken to generate the loads and displacements required for the property test.

Then, the back pressure balance control unit 60, 60 ′ for adjusting the pressure change due to the volume change of the chamber 10 and the respective drive devices 50, 50 ′ by the movement of the drive shafts 40, 40 ′. Is installed to maintain a constant pressure at all times, and the back pressure balancing portions 60 and 60 'are composed of driving bellows 62 and 62' and back pressure adjusting bellows 64 and 64 '. Here, the driving bellows (62, 62 ') is for transmitting the reciprocating motion generated when the drive device (50, 50') is operating, thereby transmitting the load or displacement in the chamber (10).

That is, the back pressure control bellows (64, 64 ') serves to compensate for the pressure generated by the reciprocating motion of the drive bellows (62, 62'), the drive bellows (62, 62 ') and the back pressure control bellows (64) , 64 ') always moves in the opposite direction, so that the pressure inside the chamber 10 can be maintained at all times.
2, the driving bellows 62 and 62 'are fixed to the driving shafts 40 and 40' and the back pressure adjusting bellows 64 and 64 'are driven by the driving bellows 62 and 62'. Since the inner and outer ends are fixed inside the driving device (50, 50 ') through when the drive shaft (40, 40') moves forward or ascends, the driving bellows (62, 62 ') is also advanced or raised accordingly As a result, the volume inside the chamber 10 decreases but the pressure increases in inverse proportion. Therefore, the back pressure control bellows 64 and 64 'are rearwarded by a pressure corresponding to the difference between the set pressure and the rising pressure inside the chamber 10. Contracts or contracts downward.
On the other hand, when the drive shafts 40 and 40 'are reversed or lowered, the drive bellows 62 and 62' are also reversed or lowered accordingly, so that the volume inside the chamber 10 is increased but the pressure is lowered. (10) The back pressure adjusting bellows 64, 64 'expands forward or expands upward by a pressure corresponding to the difference between the set pressure and the rising pressure inside.
As a result, when the driving bellows 62 and 62 'expand toward the chamber 10, the back pressure adjusting bellows 64 and 64' is increased by an amount corresponding to the expansion amount of the driving bellows 62 and 62 '. When the driving bellows 62, 62 'are contracted in the opposite direction to the chamber 10, the back pressure adjusting bellows 64, 64' is driven by the driving bellows 62, 62. ') Is expanded in the direction of the chamber 10 by an amount corresponding to the amount of shrinkage, so that the pressure inside the chamber 10 is always kept constant.

In addition, the device for transmitting power to the fixed jig (30, 30 ') is a magnetic coil type linear motor, converts the input electrical energy into reciprocating kinetic energy to generate a reciprocating motion. The magnitude of the reciprocating displacement generated at this time is measured by the position measuring sensors 82 and 82 'installed at the rear ends of the driving devices 50 and 50', and the position correction sensor installed at the rear ends of the driving devices 50 and 50 '. (80, 80 ') measures the current position of the drive shafts (40, 40') and compares the values measured by the position measuring sensors (82, 82 ') to the test of the mechanical properties of the test piece (32, 32') during the mechanical property test. Corrections can be made for changes in length or volume caused by changes in mechanical properties such as wear.

The cooling device 20 is generally used to maintain an appropriate temperature of −20 ° C. to 80 ° C. at which the load cells 42 and 42 ′ can exert a re-function. Although not shown, the cooling device 20 may be cooled according to the flow of water. Separate flow paths are formed.

The hydrochemical control device 200 is a device for controlling the underwater environment inside the chamber 10, as shown in Figure 1 is to evaluate the material characteristics by simulating the internal environment, such as steam generators of the ocean, space, nuclear power plant Keep the hydrochemical environment constant while That is, by adjusting the chemical composition of the water flowing into the chamber 10 to form and maintain the hydrochemical conditions similar to the situation inside the steam generator of the ocean, space, nuclear power plant.

As shown in FIG. 1, the controller 100 controls the driving devices 50 and 50 ′ and the hydrochemical control device 200 and sets loads and displacements as test conditions, and loads and displacements detected during the test. It is a device for calculating and displaying the amount of energy according to. In addition, it is also possible to remotely control the progress and testing of the mechanical property test on the network (Network) through the online server (300).

The test pieces 32, 32 'fixed to the fixing jig 30, 30' are bolted on the drive shaft 40 'extending in the longitudinal direction from the vertical drive 50' as shown in FIG. The fixing jig 30 'is installed by bolting, and the plate-shaped test piece 32' is fastened with the bolt B on one side of the fixing jig 30 ', and is in contact with the plate-shaped test piece 32'. Or a fixing jig 30 is installed by bolting on the drive shaft 40 extending in the lateral direction from the horizontal driving device 50 so as to be positioned at a predetermined distance or at a predetermined distance, and on one side of the fixing jig 30. A semicircular seating groove corresponding to the test piece 32 is formed so that the tube-shaped test piece 32 can be fixed to the tube piece, and the tube-shaped test piece 32 is positioned in the seating groove, and then fixed with a bolt (B). Let's do it.

Here, the hole formed in the middle of the circumferential surface of the test piece 32 coincides with the center of the through hole formed in one side of the fixing jig 30, and a curved surface corresponding to the inner circumferential surface of the test piece 32 is formed on one side and the curved surface is formed. Insert the auxiliary tool 34 having a female threaded hole in one side in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the test piece 32, and then the hole of the fixing jig 30, the hole of the test piece 32, and the female screw of the auxiliary tool 34. The hole is positioned on the same line and the test piece 32 is fixed to the fixing jig 30 by fixing the bolt B at the outside of the fixing jig 30.

In the wear property test apparatus of the material of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, the test pieces 32 and 32 'are first mounted with bolts B to the fixing jig 30 and 30' provided in the chamber 10. After the test environment and conditions to be applied to circulate the circulating water by the hydrochemical control device 200 and at this time by adjusting the air pressure can be made high pressure or vacuum. When the temperature of the chamber 10 is set using the control unit 100, the setting of test conditions for the environment is completed in the material property evaluation, and the magnitude of the load and displacement applied to the test pieces 32 and 32 'is determined by the system. Set up and test using a computer connected to the control device (200).

That is, the abrasion test during the mechanical property test of the material may open the chamber 10 to fix the test pieces 32 and 32 'to the fixing jig 30 and 30' as shown in FIGS. ), And then the circulating water is introduced by the hydrochemical control device 200, and the test environment required by the tester is set and adjusted, and then the plate-shaped test piece 32 'is installed in the driving devices 50 and 50' that are intersected. The tube-shaped test piece 32 is operated in the forward and backward reciprocating motion in the process of driving the longitudinal driving device 50 'for elevating the plate to raise or lower the plate-shaped test piece 32' vertically or in an inclined state. The drive device 50 in the transverse direction is driven to perform abrasion test by impact or friction on the plate-shaped test piece 32 'regularly or irregularly at an arbitrary distance.

Further, the driving device 50 'in the longitudinal direction which drives the plate-shaped test piece 32' among the drive devices 50 and 50 'provided to be crossed is driven so that the plate-shaped test piece 32' is vertically or inclined. The plate-shaped test piece 32 'operating in the longitudinal direction is driven by driving the driving device 50' for contacting the tube-shaped test piece 32 with the plate-shaped test piece 32 'and operating under pressure. ) And the tube-shaped test piece 32 pressurized while being in contact with the test piece 32 'is subjected to a wear rate test according to the test situation.

On the other hand, the magnitude of the load and displacement applied to the test piece can be confirmed through the system control device, by connecting the online server 300 can check and control the progress of the current test online in real time.

In addition, when changing the angle of the plate-shaped test piece 32 'as shown in FIG. 4 and performing the wear inspection in an inclined state, a predetermined angle between the plate-shaped test piece 32' and the fixing jig 30 ' Using a wedge (not shown) having a can be attached to the fixed jig (30 ') to give an angle.

Here, reference numerals 22 and 22 'not described are bearings.

The wear property test apparatus of the material of the present invention can perform mechanical characteristics evaluation such as mechanical wear and friction of materials, which are mechanical structures, in various environments such as marine, space, and nuclear environments, and thus pressure is automatically adjusted. Since the device is located inside the chamber and the cooling system and pressure boundary, it is possible to test the mechanical properties of the material such as tension, breakage, and strength by changing the fixing jig, as well as testing such as wear without leakage of the chamber under various extreme environments.

In addition, by attaching a cooling device to the chamber to protect the load cell and the sensor from the heat generated in the chamber, the load cell maintains its own function at any temperature, and the cost is reduced because it does not have to make a special load cell for extreme environments, It is possible to keep the test environment in the chamber constant during the test by using the hydrochemical control device, and it is possible to control the micro load and displacement because it is controlled by the digital signal. It is possible to actively reproduce the proper movement of the system, and to measure the friction coefficient applied to the specimen during the wear test in real time because the load shell and displacement measurement are possible on each axis. Various types of tests are possible according to the combination, and an online server is built. As the system control device observation and control the progress of the setting value and the test is set according to the real-time in it is possible to improve the reliability between the tester and sponsors.

Claims (6)

A test chamber provided with a fixing jig for fixing a test piece provided therein and mockly providing a test situation; A drive device installed in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction of the chamber to generate a load and a displacement necessary for a test; A cooling device interposed in the chamber and the driving device to protect the load cell and the sensor provided inside the driving device from heat generated in the chamber; A hydrochemical regulator in communication with the interior of the chamber to maintain a constant high / high pressure test environment; And a control unit electrically controlling the hydrochemical control device and the driving device, respectively, and calculating, displaying, and controlling the power according to the load and the displacement in the chamber. The method of claim 1, wherein the drive device, Back pressure balance control unit for adjusting the pressure change by the volume change of the chamber and the drive by the movement of the drive shaft extending to the interior of the chamber; And a driving unit installed at the rear of the back pressure balance control unit and configured to reciprocate the test piece fixed to the fixing jig up or down or back and forth. The method of claim 2, wherein the back pressure balance control unit, A driving bellows formed of a soft material to transfer loads and displacements into the chamber from the driving device according to the reciprocating motion of the driving device; And a back pressure control bellows of a soft material to maintain a constant pressure inside the driving device by performing a movement opposite to the direction of movement of the driving bellows. The method of claim 2, wherein the driving unit, It is a magnetic coil type linear motor (Clectromagnetic Liner Motor) consisting of a magnetic generating coil electrically connected to the control unit and generating a magnetic field by applying power, and a magnet portion linearly reciprocating to the magnetic field of the magnetic generating coil. Wear property test device. The method according to claim 1 or 2, A position measuring sensor installed at the rear of the driving device for sensing a reciprocating displacement of the driving shaft, and an output value installed at the rear end of the driving device for sensing the current position of the driving shaft and an output value from the positioning sensor at the control unit. And a position correction sensor for correcting the amount of displacement of the drive shaft due to the change of the test piece according to the result of the comparison operation. The method of claim 1, And an on-line server which is electrically connected to the control unit to enable the progress and control of the test on-line through a communication medium.

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