CN107703014B - Impact abrasion tester for high-temperature and high-pressure environment - Google Patents
Impact abrasion tester for high-temperature and high-pressure environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN107703014B CN107703014B CN201711071150.1A CN201711071150A CN107703014B CN 107703014 B CN107703014 B CN 107703014B CN 201711071150 A CN201711071150 A CN 201711071150A CN 107703014 B CN107703014 B CN 107703014B
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- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 31
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 15
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/023—Pressure
- G01N2203/0232—High pressure
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature high-pressure environment impact abrasion testing machine which can simulate micro displacement amplitude and high vibration frequency micro friction abrasion testing under the conditions of first and second loop temperatures, pressure and water chemistry of a nuclear power station, wherein the force can be measured by adopting a commercially available underwater force sensor suitable for a normal-temperature high-pressure environment without the need of the underwater force sensor in the high-temperature high-pressure environment, the high-pressure environment of the force sensor is consistent with the high-pressure environment of a sample, and the measurement data is more accurate; meanwhile, the dynamic sealing connection between the stretching shaft and the autoclave is omitted, so that the dynamic friction force of the sealing ring is not required to be considered, the friction force of the friction pair can be directly obtained through the measurement of the force sensor, and the measurement data is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-temperature high-pressure environment impact abrasion tester, in particular to a high-temperature high-pressure water or steam environment impact or vibration abrasion tester.
Background
In many industrial fields, especially in nuclear power plant systems, some structures often collide with adjacent structural members under the action of flow-induced vibration, so that the problem of component failure caused by impact-friction/abrasion of tiny load impact and tiny displacement amplitude is generated. Therefore, a set of impact wear testing machine in high-temperature and high-pressure environment is required to be designed aiming at the working condition and the wear type so as to simulate the temperature and the pressure of related components in the nuclear power station and the small displacement amplitude and the impact-wear test with higher impact frequency between the components under the water chemical condition.
One technical problem also exists in the prior art, namely: in order to obtain the static friction coefficient between components in a high-temperature and high-pressure water or steam environment, a test is usually carried out by placing a sample in a high-temperature and high-pressure closed container, however, currently, there are few force sensors which are suitable for the environment to directly measure the friction force of the sample in the market, and thus, the current static friction coefficient is obtained through indirect measurement and calculation. In the above calculation to obtain the static friction coefficient, it is necessary to consider the friction force of the sealing element in the test device, which is not a stable value, and its fluctuation is relatively large and irregular, so that the static friction coefficient value thus measured and calculated is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-temperature high-pressure environment impact abrasion testing machine.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a high temperature high pressure environment impact abrasion tester for abrasion test among a plurality of samples, the tester comprises a frame, a high pressure container arranged on the frame and provided with a closed environment chamber for accommodating the samples, a stretching shaft extending into the environment chamber, an actuating device arranged on the frame and used for driving the stretching shaft to reciprocate, and a force measuring device arranged between the actuating device and the stretching shaft, wherein the force measuring device comprises:
one end of the connecting sleeve is fixedly and hermetically connected with the high-pressure container, and the connecting sleeve is provided with a guide through hole which penetrates through along the axial direction and is communicated with the environment chamber;
the mounting sleeve is fixedly arranged at the other end part of the connecting sleeve, a closed accommodating cavity is formed in the mounting sleeve, the accommodating cavity is communicated with the guide through hole, and a force output shaft of the actuating device is movably and hermetically connected with the mounting sleeve and penetrates through the accommodating cavity;
the force sensor is an underwater force sensor suitable for a normal temperature and high pressure environment, the force sensor is connected to the output end of the force output shaft and is positioned in the accommodating cavity, one side shaft end part of the stretching shaft is fixedly connected to the force sensor, and the other end of the stretching shaft penetrates through the guide through hole and stretches into the environment cavity;
the main cooling water jacket is sleeved on the connecting sleeve, a main cooling water cavity is formed between the main cooling water jacket and the connecting sleeve, and a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel which are communicated with the main cooling water cavity are also formed in the main cooling water jacket.
Preferably, there are a plurality of the stretching shafts, and correspondingly, there are a plurality of groups of the actuating device and the force measuring device.
Further, the high-pressure container is a high-pressure kettle with a kettle body and a kettle cover, the kettle body comprises a columnar kettle body with a kettle inner cavity, and one or more kettle support arms respectively extending outwards along the radial direction from the outer peripheral part of the kettle body, each kettle support arm is provided with a shaft through hole penetrating along the length extending direction of the kettle support arm, and the shaft through holes are communicated with the kettle inner cavity.
Still further, the autoclave further comprises a heater fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral part of the autoclave body, and a heat preservation sleeve fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral part of the heater, wherein each autoclave support arm penetrates out of the heat preservation sleeve along the length direction of the autoclave support arm.
Preferably, the stretching shafts are two groups, namely a vertical shaft extending in the vertical direction and a horizontal shaft extending in the horizontal direction, and the lower end part of the vertical shaft and one shaft end part of the horizontal shaft respectively extend into the environment chamber; correspondingly, the actuating devices are provided with two groups, namely a first actuating device for driving the vertical shaft to reciprocate up and down and a second actuating device for driving the horizontal shaft to reciprocate along the axial direction of the horizontal shaft.
Further, the samples include a first sample and a second sample, the first sample is mounted on the vertical shaft through a first clamp, the second sample is mounted on the horizontal shaft through a second clamp, and the first clamp and the second clamp are both accommodated in the environmental chamber.
Preferably, the actuating device comprises an electromagnetic excitation actuator and a self-balancing stretching shaft arranged on the output end of the electromagnetic excitation actuator, and the output end of the self-balancing stretching shaft forms the force output shaft.
Preferably, the testing machine further comprises an environmental sensor for measuring environmental information in the environmental chamber, the environmental sensor being connected to the high pressure vessel by a cable seal.
Further, the environment sensor includes the cable, set firmly in cable lower extreme portion and insert and establish the probe in the environment chamber, set firmly in cable upper end portion and be located the outdoor output terminal of environment chamber, the cable sealing device includes:
the lower end part of the base body is fixedly connected to the high-pressure container, a base body through hole penetrating in the vertical direction is formed in the base body, the base body through hole comprises a first hole through which the output terminal can penetrate, and a second hole which is communicated with the first hole and is positioned above the first hole, the aperture of the second hole is larger than that of the first hole, and a limiting surface is formed at the joint of the first hole and the second hole;
the first gaskets are formed by splicing a plurality of first gasket bodies along the circumferential direction, the first gaskets are provided with first through holes through which the cables can pass, and the first gaskets are arranged on the limiting surfaces;
the sealing sleeve comprises a sleeve body which can be fixedly inserted into the second hole along the axial direction and is propped against the first gasket, and a limit flange positioned at the upper end part of the sleeve body, and the sleeve body is provided with a sealing sleeve hole through which the output terminal can pass;
the sealing ring is sleeved on the outer peripheral part of the cable and is positioned in the sealing sleeve hole;
the second gasket is formed by splicing a plurality of second gasket bodies along the circumferential direction, the second gasket is provided with a second through hole through which the cable can pass, and the second gasket comprises a mounting sleeve and a pressing flange, the mounting sleeve is inserted into the sealing sleeve hole in a matched manner, and the pressing flange is positioned at the upper end part of the mounting sleeve;
the clamping ring is formed by splicing a plurality of clamping ring bodies along the circumferential direction, a third through hole through which the cable can pass is formed in the clamping ring, the clamping ring is in a frustum shape with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the clamping ring is supported on the pressing flange;
the compressing nut is provided with a fourth through hole for the output terminal to pass through, the aperture of the fourth through hole is larger than the diameter of the upper end of the clamping ring and smaller than the diameter of the lower end of the clamping ring, the upper end of the clamping ring is inserted into the fourth through hole, and the compressing nut is sleeved on the upper end of the base body and is in threaded connection with the upper end of the base body.
Further, the cable sealing device further comprises a matrix cooling water jacket sleeved on the periphery of the outer side of the matrix, a matrix cooling water cavity is formed between the matrix cooling water jacket and the matrix, the matrix cooling water cavity is communicated with the main cooling water cavity, and the matrix cooling water jacket is positioned below the sealing ring on the matrix.
Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the impact abrasion testing machine for the high-temperature and high-pressure environment can realize impact abrasion test or sliding abrasion test among multiple samples, has a simple structure, can measure force by adopting a commercially available underwater force sensor suitable for the normal-temperature and high-pressure environment, does not need the underwater force sensor for the high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and has the high-pressure environment consistent with the high-pressure environment of the samples, and more accurate measurement data; meanwhile, the dynamic sealing connection between the stretching shaft and the autoclave is omitted, so that the dynamic friction force of the sealing ring is not required to be considered, the friction force of the friction pair can be directly obtained through the measurement of the force sensor, and the measurement data is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of the testing machine of the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the whole structure of the testing machine (except for the frame and the electromagnetic vibration exciter);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a force measuring device in the testing machine of the present embodiment;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of the connection structure among the mounting sleeve, the connecting sleeve and the main cooling water jacket in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the force measuring principle of the force measuring device in the present embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the autoclave used in the present example;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the heater and the insulating jacket on the autoclave in the present embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a heater and a jacket on the autoclave in the present embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of a heater on an autoclave in this example;
FIG. 10 is an expanded schematic view of the heater of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the installation and relative movement of a first sample and a second sample used in the present embodiment;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the first clamp of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a top view of the first clamp of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the second clamp of FIG. 11;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the second clamp of FIG. 14;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of the structure of the platen in the second clamp;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a cable sealing device employed in the testing machine of the present embodiment;
FIG. 18 is a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 17;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of a first spacer body;
figure 20 is a schematic overall structure of the sealing sleeve;
FIG. 21 is a schematic view of a second spacer body;
FIG. 22 is a schematic structural view of a collar body;
wherein: 1. a frame; 2. high pressure vessels (autoclaves); 21. a kettle cover; 211. shaft perforation; 212. air holes; 213. an electrode hole; 214. a temperature measuring hole; 22. a kettle body; 221. a kettle body; 222. a kettle support arm; 223. a shaft through hole; 23. a heater; 231. the support arm is perforated first; 232. a ceramic heating plate; 24. a thermal insulation sleeve; 241. a half sleeve body; 242. a second support arm perforation is formed; 25. a heat insulating pad; 26. a kettle body flange;
3. an actuating device (I); 31. an electromagnetic excitation actuator; 32. a self-balancing stretch shaft; 33. a displacement sensor; 321. a force output shaft; 3', an actuating device (II); 31', electromagnetic excitation actuators; 32', self-balancing tensile axes; 33', displacement sensor;
4. a stretching axis (vertical axis); 4', stretching axis (horizontal axis);
5. a force measuring device (I); 5', a force measuring device (II); 51. a mounting sleeve; 511. a housing chamber; 512. a joint part; 513. a second guide through hole; 52. connecting sleeves; 521. an annular flange; 522. a guide through hole; 53. a main cooling water jacket; 531. a main cooling water chamber; 532. a water inlet channel/a water outlet channel; 54. a force sensor; 541. a cable sealing joint; 542. a signal output cable; 55. a limit collar;
6. an environmental sensor; 61. a cable; 62. a probe; 63. an output terminal;
7. a cable sealing device; 71. a base; 711. a first hole; 712. a second hole; 713. an annular flange; 714. a limiting surface; 72. a first gasket; 720. a first spacer body; 721. a first arc-shaped groove; 73. sealing sleeve; 731. a sleeve body; 732. a limit flange; 733. sealing the trepanning; 74. an O-shaped sealing ring; 75. a second gasket; 750. a second spacer body; 751. a mounting sleeve; 752. a pressing flange; 753. a second arc-shaped groove; 76. a collar; 760. a collar body; 761. a third arc-shaped groove; 762. a conical surface; 77. a compression nut; 771. a cap cavity; 78. a base cooling water jacket; 781. a matrix cooling water cavity; 782. a water inlet channel; 783. a water outlet channel; 79. a limit retainer ring;
8. a first clamp; 81. a first perforation; 82. an open slot; 83. a fastening bolt hole; 84. a threaded blind hole; 9. a second clamp; 91. a clamp body; 911. a threaded blind hole; 92. a stop block; 921. a first arc surface; 922. a second arc surface; 93. a pressing plate; 931. an abutment surface; 11. a first sample; 12. and a second sample.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by referring to the specific and annoying embodiments of heat exchange with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the high temperature and high pressure environment impact abrasion tester shown in fig. 1 and 2, for abrasion test between a plurality of samples, the tester comprises a frame 1, a high pressure container 2 arranged on the frame 1 and provided with a closed environment chamber for accommodating the samples, a stretching shaft 4 (4 ') for extending into the environment chamber, and an actuating device 3 (3') arranged on the frame 1 and used for driving the stretching shaft to reciprocate.
In the present embodiment, the abrasion tester is used for abrasion test between two samples, a first sample 11 and a second sample 12, respectively; the stretching shafts are two groups, namely a vertical shaft 4 extending along the vertical direction and a horizontal shaft 4 'extending along the horizontal direction, and the lower end part of the vertical shaft 4 and one shaft end part of the horizontal shaft 4' respectively extend into the environment chamber of the high-pressure container 2; the first sample 11 is mounted on the lower end of the vertical shaft 4 by the first clamp 8, the second sample 12 is mounted on the end of the horizontal shaft 4' by the second clamp 9, and the first clamp 8, the second clamp 9, the first sample 11, and the second sample 12 are all accommodated in an environmental chamber.
Accordingly, there are two groups of actuating devices, namely actuating device (one) 3 and actuating device (two) 3', wherein the actuating device 3 (3 ') comprises an electromagnetic excitation actuating device 31 fixedly arranged on the frame 1 and a self-balancing stretching shaft 32 (32 ') arranged on the output end of the electromagnetic excitation actuator 31 (31 '), and the output end of the self-balancing stretching shaft 32 (32 ') forms a force output shaft 321 of the actuating device. Here, a displacement sensor 33 (33 ') is further provided between the output end of the electromagnetic excitation actuator 31 (31 ') and the self-balancing stretching shaft 32 (32 ').
The testing machine further comprises a force measuring device 5 (5 ') arranged between the actuating device 3 (3') and the stretching shaft 4 (4 '), and the specific structure and working principle of the force measuring device 5 (5') are described below by taking the vertical shaft 4 as an example:
referring to fig. 3 and 4, the force measuring device 5 includes:
the lower end part of the connecting sleeve 52 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the high-pressure container 2, and the connecting sleeve 52 is provided with a guide through hole 522 which penetrates along the axial direction and is communicated with the environment chamber of the high-pressure container 2;
the lower end of the mounting sleeve 51 is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the connecting sleeve 52, the mounting sleeve 52 is provided with a closed accommodating cavity 511, the accommodating cavity 511 is communicated with the guide through hole 522, and the force output shaft 321 of the actuating device 3 is penetrated in the accommodating cavity 511 and is in dynamic sealing connection with the mounting sleeve 51.
Specifically, the mounting sleeve 52 has a joint portion 512 fixedly connected to the connecting sleeve 52, and the joint portion 512 is provided with a second guiding through hole 513 through which the vertical shaft 4 can correspondingly pass in the axial direction, and the second guiding through hole 513 is located between the accommodating cavity 511 and the guiding through hole 522 in the up-down direction and communicates the accommodating cavity 511 and the guiding through hole 522. The diameters of the guide through holes 522 and the second guide through holes 513 are the same, the central lines of the guide through holes 522 and the second guide through holes 513 are overlapped as much as possible, the diameters of the guide through holes are slightly larger than the diameter of the vertical shaft 4, the vertical shaft 4 is penetrated in the guide through holes 522 and the second guide through holes 513 in a clearance fit manner, and the two ends of the vertical shaft 4 are respectively accommodated in the accommodating cavity 511 and the environment chamber of the high-pressure container 2;
a force sensor 54, wherein the force sensor 54 adopts an underwater force sensor suitable for normal temperature and high pressure environment, the force sensor is commercially available at present, the force sensor 54 is accommodated in the accommodating cavity 511, the upper end part of the vertical shaft 4 is fixedly connected to the force sensor 54, and the lower end part of the vertical shaft passes through the guide through hole 522 and extends into an environment chamber of the high pressure container 2;
the main cooling water jacket 53 is sleeved on the connecting sleeve 52, a main cooling water cavity 531 is formed between the main cooling water jacket 53 and the connecting sleeve 52, and the main cooling water jacket 53 is also provided with a water inlet channel 532 and a water outlet channel 532 which are communicated with the main cooling water cavity 531.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the outer peripheral portion of the adapter sleeve 52 has two annular flanges 521, the two annular flanges 521 are disposed at intervals in the axial direction of the adapter sleeve 52, and the main cooling water jacket 53 has a hollow cylindrical shape and is sealingly connected to the two annular flanges 521 by a seal, so that a main cooling water chamber 531 is formed between the inner peripheral wall of the main cooling water jacket 53, the outer peripheral wall of the adapter sleeve 52, and the two annular flanges 521. The main cooling water cavity 531 is located outside the guide through hole 522, and circulating cooling water is introduced into the water inlet and outlet channels 532 so far, so that the air and liquid entering the accommodating cavity 511 from the environment chamber of the high-pressure accommodating cavity 2 through the guide through hole 522 can be cooled, and the accommodating cavity 511 is in a normal temperature and high pressure state. A limiting retainer ring 55 is further arranged below the main cooling water jacket 53 to axially limit the main cooling water jacket.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the mounting sleeve 51 is further provided with a cable outlet, a cable sealing joint 541 is provided at the cable outlet, the cable sealing joint 541 is screwed on the cable outlet and sealed by an O-ring, and a signal output cable 542 of the force sensor 54 is connected to the cable sealing joint 541 and extends outwards.
Referring to FIG. 5, which shows a force measuring principle of the force measuring device 5, since the vertical shaft 4 below the force sensor 54 is directly connected with the first clamp 8 mounted with the first sample 11, and the vertical shaft 4 will not rub or release other components of the testing machine during the axial movement, the measurement does not need to consider the problem of friction force, and the value measured by the force sensor 54 is the friction force between the friction pair formed by the first sample 11 and the second sample 12, namely F 1 =f Sample preparation . In this way, the test data obtained by measurement is more accurate.
The high-pressure vessel 2 is provided with the following structure:
referring to fig. 6 to 10, in the present embodiment, the autoclave 2 is used as the autoclave, and the autoclave includes a lid 21 and a body 22, the body 22 includes a columnar autoclave body 221 having an inner cavity, one or more arms 222 extending radially outwardly from the outer peripheral portion of the autoclave body 221, respectively, each arm 222 being provided with a shaft through-hole 223 extending therethrough in the length extending direction thereof, the shaft through-hole 223 being provided in communication with the inner cavity. When the number of tank arms 222 is plural, all tank arms 222 are disposed on the outer peripheral portion of the tank body 221 at intervals in the circumferential direction. In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, two tank support arms 222 are provided, each tank support arm 222 is in a column shape, and the two tank support arms 222 are symmetrically disposed on two radial sides of the tank body 221, and the two tank support arms 222 extend along the same radial direction of the tank body 221.
Referring to fig. 6 to 10, the autoclave further comprises a heater 23 fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral portion of the autoclave body 221, and a heat insulating jacket 24 fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral portion of the heater 23, and each autoclave arm 222 penetrates out of the heat insulating jacket 24 along the length direction thereof.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 7 to 10, the heater 23 includes a plurality of ceramic heating plates 232 connected in series, each ceramic heating plate 232 is in a rectangular bamboo slip shape extending along the height direction of the kettle body 221, all the ceramic heating plates 232 are enclosed in a cylinder shape and sleeved on the outer peripheral portion of the kettle body 221 to heat the kettle body 221 during operation, and two support arm perforation holes 231 are formed in the heater 23 for two kettle support arms 222 to correspondingly pass through.
The heat preservation sleeve 24 is in a split type structure and comprises two half sleeve bodies 241 which are spliced, wherein the height of the heat preservation sleeve is slightly higher than that of the kettle body 221 and the heater 23 so as to cover and preserve heat at the connecting part of the kettle body 22 and the kettle cover 21. Two support arm perforations two 242 are provided on the insulating sleeve 24 for the two kettle support arms 222 to correspondingly pass out. The bottom of the kettle body 221 is also fixedly provided with a heat insulating pad 25, and the heat insulating pad 25 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the kettle body 221 by bolts and positioned at the bottoms of the heater 23 and the heat insulating sleeve 24.
Referring to fig. 6, the lid 21 is provided with a shaft hole 211 extending in the vertical direction, and the center line of the shaft hole 211 coincides with the axis line of the lid body 221. The center line of the shaft through holes 223 on the two kettle support arms 222 is perpendicular to the center line of the shaft through holes 211.
At least one air hole 212 is also formed in the kettle cover 21, and the air hole 212 is communicated from the outer peripheral part of the kettle cover 21 to the bottom of the shaft end of the kettle cover 21; the cover 21 is also provided with an electrode hole 213 for mounting an electrode, a temperature measuring hole 214 for mounting a temperature measuring meter, and the like. The kettle cover 21 is in sealing connection with the kettle body 22 through a kettle body flange 26.
In this embodiment, the vertical shaft 4 is inserted into the inner cavity of the autoclave 2 by penetrating the shaft penetrating hole 211 in the axial direction, the horizontal shaft 4' is inserted into the shaft penetrating hole 223 of one of the autoclave arms 222 in the axial direction, and the shaft penetrating hole 223 of one of the autoclave arms 222 is closed.
The arrangement structure of the first jig 8 and the second jig 9 is as follows:
referring to fig. 11 to 16, the first clamp 8 is square, and is provided with a first through hole 81 through which the vertical shaft 4 is inserted in a matched manner, the first clamp 8 is further provided with an open slot 82 penetrating in an up-down direction, a slot cavity of the open slot 82 is communicated with a cavity of the first through hole 81, and the first clamp 8 is further provided with fastening components for driving two opposite side slot walls of the open slot 82 to be relatively close. Here, two fastening bolt holes 83 are formed in the first clamp 8, and fastening bolts are used as fastening components. When the first clamp 8 is mounted on the vertical shaft 4, the vertical shaft 4 is first inserted into the first through hole 81 in the axial direction, the first clamp 8 is located at a set position on the vertical shaft 4, and then fastening bolts are respectively inserted into the two fastening bolt holes 83, so that the groove walls on two sides of the opening groove 82 are relatively close, and the opening of the first through hole 82 is reduced, so that the first clamp 8 is tightly clamped on the vertical shaft 4. In this embodiment, the first sample 11 is a plate-shaped sample, a plurality of blind threaded holes 84 are formed in the end face of the first clamp 8 facing the horizontal shaft 4', and the first sample 11 is fixed to the first clamp 8 by engaging a plurality of screws with the blind threaded holes 84.
The second clamp 9 includes a clamp body 91 having a square block shape, a stopper 92 fixedly provided on one side end surface of the clamp body 91, and a pressing plate 93 detachably attached to the clamp body 91 for fixedly pressing the second specimen 12 against the stopper 92. The shaft end of the horizontal shaft 4' is provided with external threads, the end part of the clamp body 91, which is far away from the stop block 92, of the second clamp 9 is provided with a threaded blind hole 911, and the shaft end of the horizontal shaft 4' is connected in the threaded blind hole 911 in a threaded fit manner, so that the fixed installation connection between the second clamp 9 and the horizontal shaft 4' is realized.
In the present embodiment, the second sample 12 is a hollow cylindrical sample. The stop block 92 is provided with a first arc surface 921 extending along the vertical direction and a second arc surface 922 extending along the horizontal direction, the first arc surface 921 and the second arc surface 922 are staggered, the arc profiles of the first arc surface 921 and the second arc surface 922 are identical to the arc profile of the outer side surface of the second sample 12, and the first arc surface 921 or the second arc surface 922 can be selected according to the installation direction requirement of the second sample 12 during installation. The stopper 92 is detachably mounted on the clamp body 91 so that a different stopper 92 can be selected according to the shape of the second sample 12.
Referring to fig. 16, the pressing plate 93 has a semi-cylindrical shape with an arc-shaped abutment surface 931, and the arc-shaped contour of the abutment surface 931 matches the inner hole contour of the second specimen 12. When the second specimen 12 is mounted to the second jig 9, the second specimen 12 is abutted against the first circular arc surface 921 or the second circular arc surface 922, then the pressing plate 93 is threaded into the second specimen 12 with its abutment surface 931 abutted against the inner peripheral wall of the second specimen 12, and then the pressing plate 93 is fixed to the jig body 91 by bolts, so that the second specimen 12 is clamped between the pressing plate 93 and the stopper 92.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the machine further comprises an environmental sensor 6 for measuring environmental information in the environmental chamber of the autoclave 2, the environmental sensor 6 being connected to the autoclave 2 by a cable seal 7. Specifically, referring to fig. 1, 2, 17 and 18, the environmental sensor 6 includes a cable 61, a probe 62 fixed to a lower end of the cable 61 and inserted into the environmental chamber, and an output terminal 63 fixed to an upper end of the cable 61 and located outside the environmental chamber. The specific structure of the cable sealing device 7 is as follows:
a base 71, the lower end of the base 71 is fixedly connected to the kettle cover 21 of the autoclave 2, a base through hole extending along the up-down direction is formed in the base 71, the base through hole comprises a first hole 711 for the output terminal 63 to pass through, a second hole 712 communicated with the first hole 711 and positioned above the first hole 711, the aperture of the second hole 712 is larger than that of the first hole 711, and a limit surface 714 is formed on the base 71 at the joint of the first hole 711 and the second hole 712;
the first spacer 72 is formed by splicing a plurality of first spacer bodies 720 in the circumferential direction, and here, two first spacer bodies 720 each having a semicircular shape are adopted as shown in fig. 19. The two first spacer bodies 720 are provided with first arc-shaped grooves 721, when the two first spacer bodies 720 are spliced, the two first arc-shaped grooves 721 correspondingly form first through holes for the cables 61 to pass through, and the first spacers 72 are cooperatively arranged in the second holes 712 and are positioned on the limiting surfaces 714;
as shown in fig. 18 and 20, the seal sleeve 73 is made of a sealing material, and includes a sleeve body 731 which is fixedly inserted in the second hole 712 in the axial direction and is pressed against the first gasket 72, a stopper flange 732 which is positioned at the upper end portion of the sleeve body 731, and a seal sleeve hole 733 through which the output terminal 63 is passed is provided in the sleeve body 731. In this embodiment, the second hole 712 is configured as a threaded hole, the sleeve body 731 is screwed on the second hole 712 and is pressed down on the first gasket 72, the limit flange 732 is pressed against the upper end face of the base 71, and the lower end face of the limit flange 732 is connected with the upper end face of the base 71 in a sealing manner by a sealing element;
a seal ring 74, here an O-ring, which is fitted over the outer peripheral portion of the cable 61 and is located in the seal sleeve hole 733;
the second spacer 75 is formed by splicing a plurality of second spacer bodies 750 along the circumferential direction, in this embodiment, two second spacer bodies 750 as shown in fig. 21 are adopted, each second spacer body 750 is provided with a second arc-shaped groove 753, and when the two second spacer bodies 750 are spliced, the two second arc-shaped grooves 753 correspondingly form a second through hole through which the cable 61 can pass. The second gasket 75 includes a mounting collar 751 cooperatively inserted in the sealing collar hole 733, a pressing flange 752 at an upper end portion of the mounting collar 751;
the collar 76 is formed by splicing a plurality of collar bodies 760 along the circumferential direction, in this embodiment, two collar bodies 760 as shown in fig. 22 are adopted, each collar body 760 is provided with a third arc groove 761, and when the two collar bodies 760 are spliced, the two third arc grooves 761 correspondingly form a third through hole through which the cable 61 can pass. The collar 76 has a truncated cone structure with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part, the outer circumferential surface of the collar 76 is a conical surface 762, and the lower end part of the collar 76 is supported on a pressing flange 752 of the second gasket 75;
the pressing nut 77, the pressing nut 77 has a cap cavity 771 covering the upper end of the base 71, the upper end of the pressing nut 77 is provided with a fourth through hole for the output terminal 63 to pass through, the aperture of the fourth through hole is larger than the diameter of the upper end of the clamping ring 76 and smaller than the diameter of the lower end of the clamping ring 76, and the upper end of the clamping ring 76 is inserted in the fourth through hole. The press nut 77 is fitted over the upper end portion of the base 71 and is screwed to the upper end portion of the base 71.
By constantly rotating the compression nut 77, it is forced downwardly against the collar 76, thereby pushing the second gasket 75 downwardly against the O-ring 74, such that the O-ring 74 is compressed between the first gasket 72 and the second gasket 75 for sealing connection with the cable 61 and the gland 73. When the O-ring 74 is compressed to achieve sealing, a gap should be provided between the compression flange 752 of the second gasket 75 and the stop flange 732 of the sealing sleeve 73 to ensure compression of the O-ring 74.
Referring to fig. 17 to 18, the cable sealing device further includes a base cooling water jacket 78 sleeved on the outer periphery of the base 71, a base cooling water cavity 781 is formed between the base cooling water jacket 78 and the base 71, and the base cooling water jacket 78 further has a water inlet channel 782 and a water outlet channel 782 which are communicated with the base cooling water cavity 781. Specifically, two annular flanges 713 are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the base 71 at intervals in the axial direction, the base cooling water jacket 78 is hollow and is sealingly fitted over the two annular flanges 713, and a base cooling water chamber 781 is formed between the two annular flanges 713, between the inner peripheral wall of the base cooling water jacket 78 and the outer peripheral wall of the base 71. By continuously introducing the cooling circulating water into the above-described substrate cooling water chamber 781, the corresponding position of the substrate 71 can be cooled, so that the ambient temperature in the first hole 711 is reduced. When the cooling water jacket 78 is arranged below the O-shaped sealing ring 74, the working environment temperature of the O-shaped sealing ring 74 can be kept at a lower temperature, and the service life of the cooling water jacket is prolonged.
In the present embodiment, the above-described base cooling water chamber 781 is provided in communication with the main cooling water chamber 531 in the force measuring device 5, and both can be cooled simultaneously using the same circulating water device.
The machine further includes a high-temperature and high-pressure water circulation system that supplies high-temperature and high-pressure circulating water into the environmental chamber of the autoclave 2, a water circulation system that supplies the main cooling water jacket 53 and the base cooling water jacket 78 to circulate cooling water, a monitoring and recording system, and other test auxiliary systems.
The testing machine of this embodiment has the following characteristics:
(1) The micro-displacement amplitude and the micro-friction abrasion test with higher vibration frequency can be carried out under the conditions of simulating the temperature, the pressure and the water chemistry of the first loop and the second loop of the nuclear power station;
(2) The testing machine can be used for carrying out a sliding abrasion test or an impact-abrasion test, the contact mode between friction pairs can be point, line and surface contact, and the friction coefficient and the abrasion coefficient between the friction pairs can be obtained through measurement;
(3) The perpendicularity and levelness of the equipment are convenient to adjust, and coaxiality and perpendicularity of the loading device are guaranteed;
(4) The pressure self-balancing stretching shaft design is adopted, so that the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the autoclave 2 can be counteracted, and the pressure difference is eliminated to generate thrust. The vibration excitation can be realized only by selecting a small load actuator, the load control and measurement precision can be improved, and the friction force between friction pairs can be obtained quantitatively;
(5) The reasonable pressure self-balancing stretching shaft design and the selection of sealing ring materials can realize long-term operation of the testing machine under the conditions of high-frequency and small-amplitude reciprocating motion without leakage, and the sliding friction force is less than 200N, so that the long-term reliable operation of the equipment is ensured.
The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a high temperature high pressure environment impact wear testing machine for wear test between a plurality of samples, the testing machine includes the frame, locates in the frame and have the high pressure vessel that is used for acceping the airtight environment cavity of sample, be used for stretching into stretching shaft in the environment cavity, locate in the frame be used for driving stretching shaft reciprocating motion's actuation device, its characterized in that, actuation device includes electromagnetic excitation actuator, installs self-balancing stretching shaft on the electromagnetic excitation actuator output, the testing machine is still including locating actuation device with force measurement device between the stretching shaft, force measurement device includes:
one end of the connecting sleeve is fixedly and hermetically connected with the high-pressure container, and the connecting sleeve is provided with a guide through hole which penetrates through along the axial direction and is communicated with the environment chamber;
the installation sleeve is fixedly arranged at the other end part of the connecting sleeve, a closed accommodating cavity is formed in the installation sleeve, the accommodating cavity is communicated with the guide through hole, the output end of the self-balancing stretching shaft is in dynamic sealing connection with the installation sleeve and penetrates through the accommodating cavity, the installation sleeve is provided with a joint part fixedly connected with the connecting sleeve, a second guide through hole through which the stretching shaft can correspondingly penetrate in the axial direction is formed in the joint part, the second guide through hole is communicated with the accommodating cavity and the guide through hole, and the stretching shaft is inserted into the guide through hole and the second guide through hole in a clearance fit manner;
the force sensor is an underwater force sensor suitable for a normal-temperature and high-pressure environment, the force sensor is connected to the output end of the self-balancing stretching shaft and is positioned in the accommodating cavity, one end of the stretching shaft is fixedly connected to the force sensor, and the other end of the stretching shaft penetrates through the guide through hole and stretches into the environment cavity;
a main cooling water jacket sleeved on the connecting sleeve, a main cooling water cavity is formed between the main cooling water jacket and the connecting sleeve, a water inlet channel and a water outlet channel which are communicated with the main cooling water cavity are also arranged on the main cooling water jacket,
the test sample comprises a first test sample and a second test sample, the first test sample is arranged on the end part of the stretching shaft, the first test sample and the second test sample are both accommodated in the environment chamber, the first test sample and the second test sample form a friction pair, the value measured by the force sensor is the friction force between the friction pair formed by the first test sample and the second test sample in the axial movement process of the stretching shaft,
the testing machine also comprises an environment sensor for measuring environment information in the environment chamber, wherein the environment sensor is connected to the high-pressure container through a cable sealing device, the environment sensor comprises a cable, the cable is fixedly arranged at the lower end part of the cable and is inserted into a detection head in the environment chamber, the cable is fixedly arranged at the upper end part of the cable and is positioned at an output terminal outside the environment chamber, and the cable sealing device comprises:
the lower end part of the base body is fixedly connected to the high-pressure container, a base body through hole penetrating in the vertical direction is formed in the base body, the base body through hole comprises a first hole through which the output terminal can penetrate, a second hole which is communicated with the first hole and is positioned above the first hole, the aperture of the second hole is larger than that of the first hole, and a limiting surface is formed at the joint of the first hole and the second hole;
the first gaskets are formed by splicing a plurality of first gasket bodies along the circumferential direction, the first gaskets are provided with first through holes through which the cables can pass, and the first gaskets are arranged on the limiting surfaces;
the sealing sleeve comprises a sleeve body which can be fixedly inserted into the second hole along the axial direction and is propped against the first gasket, a limit flange is positioned at the upper end part of the sleeve body, and a sealing sleeve hole through which the output terminal can pass is formed in the sleeve body;
the sealing ring is sleeved on the outer peripheral part of the cable and is positioned in the sealing sleeve hole;
the second gasket is formed by splicing a plurality of second gasket bodies along the circumferential direction, the second gasket is provided with a second through hole through which the cable can pass, the second gasket comprises a mounting sleeve which is inserted in the sealing sleeve hole in a matched manner, and a pressing flange is positioned at the upper end part of the mounting sleeve;
the clamping ring is formed by splicing a plurality of clamping ring bodies along the circumferential direction, a third through hole through which the cable can pass is formed in the clamping ring, the clamping ring is in a frustum shape with a small upper part and a large lower part, and the clamping ring is supported on the pressing flange;
the compressing nut is provided with a fourth through hole for the output terminal to pass through, the aperture of the fourth through hole is larger than the diameter of the upper end of the clamping ring and smaller than the diameter of the lower end of the clamping ring, the upper end of the clamping ring is inserted into the fourth through hole, and the compressing nut is sleeved on the upper end of the base body and is in threaded connection with the upper end of the base body.
2. The high temperature and high pressure environment impact abrasion tester according to claim 1, wherein: the stretching shafts are multiple, and correspondingly, the actuating devices and the force measuring devices are multiple groups.
3. The high temperature and high pressure environment impact abrasion tester according to claim 2, wherein: the autoclave is characterized in that the autoclave is provided with a autoclave body and a autoclave cover, the autoclave body comprises a columnar autoclave body with an inner cavity, one or more autoclave support arms which extend outwards along the radial direction from the outer peripheral part of the autoclave body are respectively arranged on the autoclave support arms, each autoclave support arm is provided with a shaft through hole which penetrates along the length extending direction of the autoclave support arm, and the shaft through holes are communicated with the inner cavity of the autoclave.
4. A high temperature high pressure environment impact wear tester according to claim 3, wherein: the autoclave further comprises a heater fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral part of the autoclave body, a heat preservation sleeve fixedly sleeved on the outer peripheral part of the heater, and each autoclave support arm penetrates out of the heat preservation sleeve along the length direction of the autoclave support arm.
5. The high temperature and high pressure environment impact abrasion tester according to claim 2, wherein: the stretching shafts are two groups of vertical shafts extending in the vertical direction and horizontal shafts extending in the horizontal direction, and the lower end parts of the vertical shafts and one shaft end part of the horizontal shafts extend into the environment chamber respectively; correspondingly, the actuating devices are provided with two groups, namely a first actuating device for driving the vertical shaft to reciprocate up and down and a second actuating device for driving the horizontal shaft to reciprocate along the axial direction of the horizontal shaft.
6. The high temperature and high pressure environment impact abrasion tester according to claim 5, wherein: the first sample is installed on the vertical shaft through a first clamp, the second sample is installed on the horizontal shaft through a second clamp, and the first clamp and the second clamp are both accommodated in the environment chamber.
7. The high temperature and high pressure environment impact abrasion tester according to claim 1, wherein: the cable sealing device further comprises a matrix cooling water jacket sleeved on the periphery of the outer side of the matrix, a matrix cooling water cavity is formed between the matrix cooling water jacket and the matrix, the matrix cooling water cavity is communicated with the main cooling water cavity, and the matrix cooling water jacket is positioned below the sealing ring on the matrix.
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| CN108918314B (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2021-03-16 | 西南交通大学 | Impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment |
| CN110940605B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2022-08-16 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Heat transfer pipe abrasion, stress and corrosion coupling effect test device and heat transfer pipe service behavior evaluation method |
| CN111678799B (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2022-03-25 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Displacement loading system applied to strain calibration device |
| CN111693243B (en) * | 2020-06-24 | 2021-06-29 | 西南交通大学 | High-temperature high-pressure multiphase flow impact fretting damage testing system and implementation method thereof |
| CN114563295B (en) * | 2022-03-07 | 2023-08-22 | 湖南科技大学 | Friction and abrasion test bed for simulating seabed high-pressure muddy environment containing sediment |
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