CN108918314B - Impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment - Google Patents
Impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN108918314B CN108918314B CN201810942578.7A CN201810942578A CN108918314B CN 108918314 B CN108918314 B CN 108918314B CN 201810942578 A CN201810942578 A CN 201810942578A CN 108918314 B CN108918314 B CN 108918314B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
- G01N3/303—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight generated only by free-falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion
- G01N3/565—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion of granular or particulate material
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
- G01N2203/0033—Weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
- G01N2203/0226—High temperature; Heating means
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of impact wear test equipment, and discloses an impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and a high-temperature complex environment. The invention can provide a novel impact wear test device which can accurately control the impact speed and can realize the test under sand and high-temperature environment, namely, on one hand, the impact electric sucker can be adopted to electrically adsorb/electrically release the punch mounting base according to a certain rule, the purpose of releasing the punch mounting base at the maximum speed to ensure the consistent impact speed of each time is realized, so that the impact motion can be more accurately controlled, on the other hand, a sand feeding mechanism, a sand automatic circulation mechanism and a sample heating mechanism can be adopted to realize the research on impact wear under the sand and high-temperature environment, and the current application requirements are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of impact wear test equipment, and particularly relates to an impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and a high-temperature complex environment.
Background
Impact wear is the surface damage between two solid surfaces due to repeated dynamic contact, impact. In various machines, a plurality of parts bear different degrees of impact wear, and the failure of mechanical parts caused by impact fretting wear widely exists in the fields of electric power, petrifaction, mining machinery, ocean machinery, aerospace and the like, so that greater energy waste is brought, and great loss is brought to the property safety of people and the national economy. Impact loading can cause damage to the contact surfaces, which in the extreme case can lead to failure of the mechanical components. Of the types of wear failure, impact wear may be the most disadvantaged, least understood type of wear on the material. In order to study such wear, various types of testing machines have been developed at home and abroad so far.
In actual working conditions, the impact wear environment is complex, such as high temperature, high humidity, sand dust, mud, rainwater and the like, which not only influences the impact wear, but also makes the impact wear behavior more complex. The existing impact wear testing machine is generally only used for testing at room temperature and in an air environment, and the impact wear behavior in sand and a high-temperature environment cannot be researched. In addition, the existing impact wear testing machine is not accurate enough in controlling the speed of the punch, so that the consistency of the impact speed at each time cannot be guaranteed, and the impact wear test is not accurate enough.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environments.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environments comprises an impact mechanism, a sand conveying mechanism, a sand grain automatic circulation mechanism, a sample heating mechanism and a rack for mounting the impact mechanism, wherein the impact mechanism is arranged on the rack;
the impact mechanism comprises a linear driving motor, an impact electric sucker, a punch mounting base and a punch clamp which are sequentially arranged from back to front, wherein the linear driving motor is used for driving the impact electric sucker to do linear reciprocating motion in the front-back direction, the impact electric sucker is used for enabling the punch mounting base to do linear reciprocating motion in the front-back direction in an upper electrified magnetism/lower electrified demagnetization mode, and the punch mounting base is used for mounting the punch clamp on the front end face;
the sand feeding mechanism comprises a sand feeding funnel and a sand flow rate control valve, wherein the sand feeding funnel is arranged above the punch clamp, and the sand flow rate control valve is arranged at the neck of the sand feeding funnel;
the sand grain automatic circulation mechanism comprises a sand grain recovery box, a sand grain storage device and a sand grain collection pipeline, wherein the sand grain recovery box is arranged below the rack, the sand grain storage device is arranged above the sand conveying funnel, and two ends of the sand grain collection pipeline are respectively communicated with the sand grain recovery box and the sand grain storage device;
the sample heating mechanism is arranged in front of the punch clamp and comprises a heating block and a sample clamp, wherein the sample clamp is arranged on the rear end face of the heating block;
the punch clamp is used for clamping a punch, the sample clamp is used for clamping a sample, and the punch clamp and the sample clamp are arranged oppositely and enable central lines of the punch clamp and the sample clamp to be on the same straight line.
Preferably, the impact electric sucker realizes electrification on the single chip microcomputer system under the power-on control of the single chip microcomputer system, and realizes demagnetization on the power-off control of the single chip microcomputer system.
Optimally, the impact electric sucker is connected with the output end of the linear driving motor through a buffering heat dissipation base;
the buffer heat dissipation base comprises a mounting block, a heat dissipation fin, a buffer pull rod, a damping spring and a fixing sleeve, wherein a rectangular through hole is formed in the mounting block, a threaded hole is formed in the heat dissipation fin, the buffer pull rod is in a three-section stepped shaft shape, and threads are arranged on the peripheral surface of the fixing sleeve;
the mounting block is used for mounting the impact electric sucker on the front end face, the radiating fins are mounted on the inner wall of the rectangular through hole of the mounting block, the front section of the buffering pull rod penetrates through the damping spring and then is coaxially connected with the fixing sleeve (155), the rear section of the buffering pull rod is coaxially connected with the output end of the linear driving motor, and the fixing sleeve is fixed in the threaded hole in a threaded fit mode.
Preferably, the punch mounting base is of a groove-shaped structure, and a cylindrical silicon steel sheet is mounted on the rear end face of the punch mounting base;
the rear end face of the cylindrical silicon steel sheet is opposite to the impact electric sucker, and the center lines of the cylindrical silicon steel sheet and the impact electric sucker are positioned on the same straight line.
Preferably, the impact mechanism further comprises an air-floatation guide rail, a guide rail mounting base, a grating ruler reading head and a reading head mounting plate, wherein the grating ruler reading head is matched with the grating ruler for use, and the guide rail mounting base is fixedly mounted on the rack;
the air floatation guide rail is arranged on the guide rail mounting base from back to front, the punch mounting base is movably arranged on a slide carriage of the air floatation guide rail, the grating ruler is attached to the slide carriage of the air floatation guide rail, and the grating ruler reading head is arranged on the guide rail mounting base through the reading head mounting plate;
the grating ruler and the grating ruler reading head are arranged oppositely, and the gap distance between the grating ruler and the grating ruler reading head is between 1mm and 1.5 mmm.
Optimally, the sand flow rate control valve comprises a flow rate control valve body, and a sand conveying pipeline is arranged below the sand flow rate control valve;
the top of the flow rate control valve body is provided with a sand grain through hole, the side surface of the flow rate control valve body is provided with a speed regulation hole, a flow rate regulation sheet is arranged in the speed regulation hole, and a scale is pasted on the flow rate regulation sheet;
the neck channel of the sand feeding funnel, the internal channel of the sand flow rate control valve and the internal channel of the sand feeding pipeline are rectangular holes with the same size.
The funnel support is fixed on the rack, the first fixing clamp is provided with a first transverse through hole, and the second fixing clamp is provided with a second transverse through hole;
the first fixing clamp is arranged in the middle of the funnel support, one end of the first cross beam is fixedly provided with the hourglass hopper, and the other end of the first cross beam is fixed on the funnel support in a mode of penetrating through the first transverse through hole;
the second fixing clamp is installed at the top of the funnel support, one end of the second cross beam is fixedly installed on the sand storage, and the other end of the second cross beam is fixed on the funnel support in a mode of penetrating through the second transverse through hole.
Preferably, the sand automatic circulation mechanism further comprises a rectangular feed opening and a sand recovery funnel, wherein the rectangular feed opening is arranged on the frame and is positioned right below the sand feeding funnel, and the sand recovery funnel is fixed right below the feed opening and is positioned right above the sand recovery box;
the sand recovery box is integrally of a rectangular box body structure, the top of the sand recovery box is provided with an opening, and the bottom corner of the box body is provided with a pipeline interface, wherein the pipeline interface is communicated with one end of the sand collection pipeline;
two adjacent inner wall surfaces of the sand grain recovery box are in a V-shaped inclined structure and extend to the pipeline connector in an inclined mode respectively.
Preferably, the sand storage device is in a funnel shape with a closed top, and a vertical cylindrical sand passage is arranged in the center of the top of the sand storage device, wherein two transverse passage ports which are respectively communicated with the sand collecting pipeline and the air pump are formed in the side wall of the top of the sand passage, and a filtering device is arranged in the transverse passage port which is communicated with the air pump;
the sand grain storage device also comprises a sand grain stop valve core, a flexible cable, a roller and a piston valve control motor, wherein the sand grain stop valve core is made of rubber materials, and the piston valve control motor is used for driving the roller to rotate on a vertical surface;
the sand stop valve core is positioned at an opening below the sand storage device, one end of the flexible cable is connected with the sand stop valve core, and the other end of the flexible cable is connected with the flexible cable.
Preferably, the sample heating mechanism further comprises a heating mechanism base, a heat insulation plate and a heat insulation plate mounting block, wherein the heating mechanism base is mounted on the rack;
the heat insulation plate is fixedly arranged on the rear end surface of the heating mechanism base through the heat insulation plate mounting block;
the heating block is arranged on the rear end face of the heat insulation plate, at least one electric heating rod mounting hole is formed in the upper end face of the heating block, and a sample clamp mounting hole for fixedly mounting the sample clamp is formed in the rear end face of the heating block.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a novel impact wear test device which can accurately control impact speed and can realize tests in sand and high-temperature environments, namely, on one hand, a mode that an impact electric sucker is used for electrically adsorbing/electrically releasing a punch mounting base according to a certain rule is adopted, the purpose that the punch mounting base is released at the maximum speed to ensure the consistent impact speed of each time is realized, so that impact motion can be controlled more accurately, on the other hand, a sand feeding mechanism, a sand automatic circulation mechanism and a sample heating mechanism can be adopted to realize the research on impact wear in the sand and high-temperature environments, and the current application requirements are met.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an impact wear test apparatus provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a rear view structural schematic diagram of an impact wear testing device provided by the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of an impact mechanism provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sample heating mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a buffering heat dissipation base provided in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the buffer heat dissipation base and the impact electric chuck according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural disassembly diagram of the sand conveying mechanism provided by the invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a sand recovery box provided by the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a sand storage provided by the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic sectional structure view of the sand storage provided by the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a rack provided by the present invention.
In the above drawings, 1-an impact mechanism; 11-linear drive motor; 12-impact electric chuck; 13-a punch mounting base; 131-cylindrical silicon steel sheet; 14-a punch holder; 15-a buffer heat dissipation base; 151-mounting block; 152-a heat sink; 153-buffer pull rod; 154-a shock absorbing spring; 155-a fixed sleeve; 16-an air-float guide rail; 161-rail mounting base; 162-a grating scale; 163-grating ruler-reading head; 164-a readhead mounting plate; 17-a sample holder; 2-a sand conveying mechanism; 21-sand conveying funnel; 22-sand flow rate control valve; 221-flow rate control valve body; 222-sand through holes; 223-speed regulating holes; 224-flow rate adjustment tab; 225-scale; 23-a first beam; 24-a funnel holder; 25-a first holding fixture; 3-sand automatic circulation mechanism; 31-rectangular feed opening; 32-sand recovery funnel; 33-sand recovery box; 331-a pipe interface; 34-a sand reservoir; 341-cylindrical sand passage; 342-a cross-channel interface; 343-sand stop valve core; 344-flexible cord; 345-a roller; 346-piston valve control motor; 35-a sand collection pipe; 36-a filtration device; 37-a second beam; 38-a second holding fixture; 4-a sample heating mechanism; 41-heating block; 42-heating mechanism base; 43-a heat insulation plate; 44-a heat insulation board mounting block; 45-electric heating rod mounting holes; 46-sample clamp mounting holes; and 5, a frame.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments. It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The term "and/or" herein is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, may mean: a exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist at the same time, and the term "/and" is used herein to describe another association object relationship, which means that two relationships may exist, for example, A/and B, may mean: a alone, and both a and B alone, and further, the character "/" in this document generally means that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the impact wear test apparatus capable of simulating sand and high-temperature complex environment provided in this embodiment includes an impact mechanism 1, a sand conveying mechanism 2, a sand automatic circulation mechanism 3, a sample heating mechanism 4, and a frame 5 for mounting the above mechanisms; the impact mechanism 1 comprises a linear driving motor 11, an impact electric suction cup 12, a punch mounting base 13 and a punch clamp 14 which are sequentially arranged from back to front, wherein the linear driving motor 11 is used for driving the impact electric suction cup 12 to do linear reciprocating motion in the front-back direction, the impact electric suction cup 12 is used for enabling the punch mounting base 13 to do linear reciprocating motion in the front-back direction in an upper electrification/lower electrification demagnetization mode, and the punch mounting base 13 is used for mounting the punch clamp 14 on the front end face; the sand feeding mechanism 2 comprises a sand feeding funnel 21 and a sand flow rate control valve 22, wherein the sand feeding funnel 21 is arranged above the punch clamp 14, and the sand flow rate control valve 22 is arranged at the neck part of the sand feeding funnel 21; the sand automatic circulation mechanism 3 comprises a sand recovery box 33, a sand storage 34 and a sand collection pipeline 35, wherein the sand recovery box 33 is arranged below the frame 5, the sand storage 34 is arranged above the sand conveying funnel 21, and two ends of the sand collection pipeline 35 are respectively communicated with the sand recovery box 33 and the sand storage 34; the sample heating mechanism 4 is arranged in front of the punch holder 14 and comprises a heating block 41 and a sample holder 17, wherein the sample holder 17 is mounted on the rear end face of the heating block 41; the punch clamp 14 is used for clamping a punch, the sample clamp 17 is used for clamping a sample, and the punch clamp 14 and the sample clamp 17 are arranged oppositely, and the central lines of the punch clamp 14 and the sample clamp 17 are on the same straight line.
As shown in fig. 1 to 11, in the structure of the impact wear testing apparatus, the linear driving motor 11 may be, but is not limited to, a voice coil linear motor, and during the test, a motor control system (which operates in an external computer device) may be used to control a loading frequency, a loading amplitude, and a loading curve type of the linear driving motor. Optimally, the impact electric sucker 12 realizes electrification on the power-on control of the single chip microcomputer system and demagnetization on the power-off control of the single chip microcomputer system. The single chip microcomputer system is in communication connection with an external computer device through a serial port, and when the motor control system running in the computer device judges that the impact electric suction disc 12 is required to adsorb or release the punch mounting base 13, the motor control system sends a power-on instruction or a power-off instruction to the single chip microcomputer control system. The single chip microcomputer system controls the impact electric suction cup 12 to be powered on or powered off according to the instruction: when the impact electric sucker 12 is electrified, the impact electric sucker is electrified to be magnetized, and the punch installation base 13 is adsorbed and driven to move linearly; when the electric impact chuck 12 is powered off, the electric impact chuck demagnetizes due to power-off, and the punch mounting base 13 moves approximately freely under the action of inertia. And the sand conveying mechanism 2 is used for providing a sand environment for an impact test. The sand grain automatic circulation mechanism 3 is used for realizing the cyclic utilization of sand grains. The sample heating mechanism 4 is used for a heating test to provide a high temperature environment for an impact test.
The working process of the impact wear test device is as follows: (1) before the test, the sample is heated to a specified temperature by the sample heating mechanism 4; (2) during testing, sand grains fall between the punch and a sample from the sand conveying funnel 21, the sand grain environment is simulated, and the flow rate of the sand grains can be changed through the sand flow rate control valve 22; (3) the impact electric sucker 12 is driven by a linear driving motor 11 to do linear reciprocating motion at a speed which is in a sine curve and changes time; (4) when the movement starts, controlling the electrification on the impact electric sucker 12, enabling the adsorption punch mounting base 13 to move forwards, and controlling the electrification and demagnetization of the impact electric sucker 12 when a speed peak point (namely a wave peak point of a sine curve) is reached, so that the punch mounting base 13 moves forwards at a constant speed at the maximum speed until impact occurs; (5) after the sample is impacted, the punch mounting base 13 rebounds to do return motion, when the speed bottom valley point (namely the valley point of a sine curve) is reached, the electrification on the impact electric suction disc 12 is controlled again, the punch mounting base 13 is adsorbed again, and the next impact is prepared; (6) in the test, the sand grain recovery box 33 collects the fallen sand grains, the sand grains are lifted to the sand grain storage 34 through the sand grain collection pipeline 35, and after the sand grain storage 34 is filled with the sand grains, the sand grains are conveyed to the sand conveying funnel 21, so that the automatic cyclic utilization of the sand grains is realized.
Therefore, through the detailed description of the impact wear testing device, the impact speed can be accurately controlled, and the purpose of testing under sand grains and a high-temperature environment is achieved, namely, on one hand, the impact electric sucker can be adopted to electrically adsorb/electrically release the punch mounting base according to a certain rule, the purpose of ensuring the consistency of the impact speed at each time by releasing the punch mounting base at the maximum speed is achieved, so that the impact motion can be controlled more accurately, on the other hand, a sand feeding mechanism, a sand grain automatic circulation mechanism and a sample heating mechanism can be adopted to realize the research on impact wear under the sand grains and the high-temperature environment, and the current application requirements are met.
Preferably, the impact electric sucker 12 is connected with the output end of the linear driving motor 11 through a buffering heat dissipation base 15; the buffering heat dissipation base 15 comprises a mounting block 151, a heat dissipation fin 152, a buffering pull rod 153, a damping spring 154 and a fixing sleeve 155, wherein a rectangular through hole is formed in the mounting block 151, a threaded hole is formed in the heat dissipation fin 152, the buffering pull rod 153 is in a three-section stepped shaft shape, and threads are arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the fixing sleeve 155; the mounting block 151 is used for mounting the impact electric chuck 12 on the front end face, the heat radiating fins 152 are mounted on the inner wall of the rectangular through hole of the mounting block 151, the front section of the buffer pull rod 153 penetrates through the damping spring 154 and then is coaxially connected with the fixing sleeve 155, the rear section of the buffer pull rod 153 is coaxially connected with the output end of the linear driving motor 11, and the fixing sleeve 155 is fixed in the threaded hole in a threaded fit mode. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the buffer heat dissipation base 15 is used to prevent the linear driving motor 11 from being damaged by a rigid impact force, and also can dissipate heat from the impact electric suction cup 12. During the experiment, since the shock chuck 12 is frequently powered on/off, a large amount of heat will be generated, and the heat dissipation area can be enlarged by the heat sink 152, so as to promote the heat dissipation of the shock chuck 12.
Preferably, the punch mounting base 13 is of a groove-shaped structure, and a cylindrical silicon steel sheet 131 is mounted on the rear end face of the punch mounting base 13; the rear end face of the cylindrical silicon steel sheet 131 is opposite to the electric impact chuck 12, and the center lines of the two are located on the same straight line. As shown in fig. 3, because the silicon steel has the physical characteristics of high magnetic permeability and low coercive force, after the cylindrical silicon steel sheet 131 is electrically demagnetized under the impact electric chuck 12, the remanence is extremely small, and the free movement of the punch mounting base 13 is hardly influenced.
Preferably, the impact mechanism 1 further includes an air-floating guide rail 16, a guide rail mounting base 161, a grating ruler 162, a grating ruler reading head 163 and a reading head mounting plate 164, wherein the grating ruler reading head 163 is used in cooperation with the grating ruler 162, and the guide rail mounting base 161 is fixedly mounted on the frame 5; the air-floating guide rail 16 is installed on the guide rail installation base 161 from back to front, the punch installation base 13 is movably installed on a slide carriage of the air-floating guide rail 16, the grating ruler 162 is attached to the slide carriage of the air-floating guide rail 16, and the grating ruler reading head 163 is installed on the guide rail installation base 161 through the reading head installation plate 164; the grating scale 162 and the grating scale reading head 163 are arranged oppositely, and the gap distance between the two is between 1mm and 1.5 mm. As shown in fig. 3, the grating scale 162 and the grating scale reading head 163 are used to set up a speed acquisition mechanism for the punch mounting base 13, wherein the grating scale reading head 163 is used to acquire a moving distance (i.e. a speed value) in a unit time, and then transmit newly acquired speed data to an external computer device so as to provide a reference for curve position determination of a motor control system. Furthermore, the impact force can also be measured by means of a pressure sensor (which can be installed in the sample holder 17). Therefore, by the structure, the punch mounting base 13 can be ensured to move forwards freely under the action of inertia after being separated from the impact electric suction disc 12, the instant speed of the punch mounting base 13 can be accurately measured, and the accuracy and automation work of the whole testing device are further ensured.
Preferably, the sand flow rate control valve 22 comprises a flow rate control valve body 221, and a sand conveying pipeline 26 is arranged below the sand flow rate control valve 22; the top of the flow rate control valve body 221 is provided with a sand grain through hole 222, the side surface of the flow rate control valve body 221 is provided with a speed regulation hole 223, a flow rate regulation sheet 224 is arranged in the speed regulation hole 223, and a scale 225 is attached to the flow rate regulation sheet 224; the neck passage of the sand feeding funnel 21, the internal passage of the sand flow rate control valve 22 and the internal passage of the sand feeding pipe 26 are rectangular holes with the same size. As shown in fig. 7, the neck of the sand feeding funnel 21, the sand flow rate control valve 22 and the sand feeding pipe 26 may be, but not limited to, connected together by a bolt structure, and the sand flow rate can be adjusted by adjusting the depth of the flow rate adjusting piece 224 inserted into the flow rate control valve body 221, wherein the scale 225 is used to display the insertion depth and represent the corresponding flow rate by depth.
Preferably, the funnel support device further comprises a funnel support 24, a first fixing clamp 25, a second fixing clamp 38, a first beam 23 and a second beam 37, wherein the funnel support 24 is fixed on the frame 5, the first fixing clamp 25 is provided with a first transverse through hole, and the second fixing clamp 38 is provided with a second transverse through hole; the first fixing clamp 25 is installed in the middle of the funnel support 24, one end of the first beam 23 is fixedly installed with the sand conveying funnel 21, and the other end of the first beam 23 is fixed on the funnel support 24 by passing through the first transverse through hole; the second fixing clamp 38 is installed on the top of the funnel support 24, one end of the second beam 37 is fixedly installed on the sand storage 34, and the other end of the second beam 37 is fixed on the funnel support 24 by passing through the second transverse through hole. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, through the above structure design, sand grains can be ensured to fall between the punch and the sample from the sand conveying funnel 21 during testing, and sand grain environment can be simulated, wherein the sand conveying funnel 21 can convey a plurality of sand grains with different grain sizes.
Preferably, the sand automatic circulation mechanism 3 further comprises a rectangular feed opening 31 and a sand recovery funnel 32, wherein the rectangular feed opening 31 is arranged on the frame 5 and is located right below the sand feeding funnel 21, and the sand recovery funnel 32 is fixed right below the feed opening 31 and is located right above the sand recovery box 33; the whole sand grain recovery box 33 is of a rectangular box structure, the top of the box structure is provided with an opening, and the bottom corner of the box body is provided with a pipeline interface 331, wherein the pipeline interface 331 is communicated with one end of the sand grain collection pipeline 35; the two adjacent inner wall surfaces of the sand recycling bin 33 are in a V-shaped inclined structure and respectively extend to the pipeline interface 331 in an inclined manner. As shown in fig. 8, the inlet of the sand recovery funnel 32 is rectangular, which is larger than the rectangular feed opening 31, and a portion of the inlet edge extends outward, and the edge portion is provided with a threaded hole so that the sand recovery funnel 32 is fixed to the frame 5 by a bolt. After receiving the sand, the sand recovery funnel collects and conveys the sand to the sand recovery box. Because two adjacent inner wall surfaces of the sand grain recovery box 33 are in a V-shaped inclined structure and respectively extend to the pipeline interface 331 in an inclined manner, sand grains can be conveniently sucked from the pipeline interface.
Preferably, the sand storage 34 is in a funnel shape with a closed top, and a vertical cylindrical sand passage 341 is provided in the center of the top, wherein two lateral passage ports 342 respectively communicating the sand collecting pipe 35 and the air pump are provided on the top side wall of the sand passage 341, and a filtering device 36 is provided in the lateral passage port 342 communicating with the air pump; the sand storage 34 further comprises a sand cut-off valve core 343, a flexible cable 344, a roller 345 and a piston valve control motor 346, wherein the sand cut-off valve core 343 is made of rubber, and the piston valve control motor 346 is used for driving the roller 345 to rotate on a vertical plane; the sand stop valve core 343 is located at the lower opening of the sand reservoir 34, one end of the flexible cable 344 is connected to the sand stop valve core 343, and the other end of the flexible cable 344 is connected to the flexible cable 344. As shown in fig. 9 and 10, the filter device 36 is used to allow air to pass through and prevent sand particles from passing through, so that the air pump (not shown) can normally suck air without sucking sand particles. The operation of the sand reservoir 34 can be as follows: (1) starting the air pump at set time intervals, and sucking sand grains from the sand grain recovery box 33 to the sand grain storage 34 through the sand grain collecting pipeline 35; (2) when sand is stored, the piston valve control motor 346 drives the roller 345 to rotate, the flexible cable 344 is retracted, the sand stop valve core 343 is pulled up, and the opening of the sand storage 34 is closed, and the sand stop valve core 343 is made of rubber and has certain elasticity, so that the opening can be sealed, and sand leakage is prevented; (3) when the sand needs to be discharged, the roller 345 is driven by the sand stop valve core 343 to rotate reversely, the flexible cable 344 is loosened, the sand stop valve core 343 is released, and the bottom opening of the sand storage is opened.
Preferably, the sample heating mechanism 4 further comprises a heating mechanism base 42, a heat insulation plate 43 and a heat insulation plate mounting block 44, wherein the heating mechanism base 42 is mounted on the rack 5; the heat insulation plate 43 is fixedly mounted on the rear end surface of the heating mechanism base 42 through the heat insulation plate mounting block 44; the heating block 41 is arranged on the rear end face of the heat insulation plate 43, at least one electric heating rod mounting hole 45 is formed in the upper end face of the heating block 41, and a sample clamp mounting hole 46 for fixedly mounting the sample clamp 17 is formed in the rear end face of the heating block 41. As shown in fig. 4, with the above-described structure, in the test, the sample is mounted on the heating block 41 by the sample holder 17, the electric heating rods are inserted into the two electric heating rod mounting holes 45 on the upper end surface of the heating block 41, and the electric heating rods conduct heat to the heating block 41, then to the sample holder 17, and finally to the sample, thereby ensuring the purpose of heating the sample.
To sum up, adopt the impact wear test device that can simulate sand grain and high temperature complex environment that this embodiment provided, have following technological effect:
(1) this embodiment provides a can carry out accurate control and can realize carrying out the novel impact wear test device that tests under sand grain and high temperature environment to impact velocity, can adopt the impact electric sucking disc to go up the mode of electricity absorption/lower electricity release drift installation base according to certain law promptly on the one hand, realize release drift installation base when maximum speed in order to guarantee the unanimous purpose of impact velocity at every turn, make and to control the motion of impact more accurately, on the other hand can adopt and send husky mechanism, the research to impact wear under sand grain and high temperature environment is realized to sand grain automatic cycle mechanism and sample heating mechanism, satisfy current application demand.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described alternative embodiments, and various other forms of products can be obtained by anyone in light of the present invention. The above detailed description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined in the claims, and which the description is intended to be interpreted accordingly.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a can simulate sand grain and high temperature complex environment's impact wear test device which characterized in that: comprises an impact mechanism (1), a sand conveying mechanism (2), a sand grain automatic circulation mechanism (3), a sample heating mechanism (4) and a frame (5) for mounting the mechanisms;
the impact mechanism (1) comprises a linear driving motor (11), an impact electric sucker (12), a punch mounting base (13) and a punch clamp (14), wherein the linear driving motor (11) is used for driving the impact electric sucker (12) to do linear reciprocating motion at a speed varying in a sine curve in the front-rear direction, the punch mounting base (13) is used for mounting the punch clamp (14) on the front end face, and the impact electric sucker (12) is used for enabling the punch mounting base (13) to do linear reciprocating motion in the front-rear direction in an upper electromagnetic/lower electromagnetic demagnetizing mode as follows: when the punch mounting base (13) moves forwards, controlling the electrification on the impact electric sucker (12), adsorbing the punch mounting base (13) to move forwards, and then controlling the lower electricity of the impact electric sucker (12) to demagnetize when the speed peak point is reached so that the punch mounting base (13) moves forwards at a maximum speed at a constant speed until impact occurs;
the sand feeding mechanism (2) comprises a sand feeding funnel (21) and a sand flow rate control valve (22), wherein the sand feeding funnel (21) is arranged above the punch clamp (14), and the sand flow rate control valve (22) is arranged at the neck of the sand feeding funnel (21);
the sand automatic circulation mechanism (3) comprises a sand recovery box (33), a sand storage device (34) and a sand collection pipeline (35), wherein the sand recovery box (33) is arranged below the rack (5), the sand storage device (34) is arranged above the sand conveying hopper (21), and two ends of the sand collection pipeline (35) are respectively communicated with the sand recovery box (33) and the sand storage device (34);
the sample heating mechanism (4) is arranged in front of the punch clamp (14) and comprises a heating block (41) and a sample clamp (17), wherein the sample clamp (17) is arranged on the rear end face of the heating block (41);
the punch clamp (14) is used for clamping a punch, the sample clamp (17) is used for clamping a sample, and the punch clamp (14) and the sample clamp (17) are arranged oppositely, and the central lines of the punch clamp and the sample clamp are on the same straight line.
2. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the impact electric sucker (12) realizes electrification under the power-on control of the single chip microcomputer system and demagnetization under the power-off control of the single chip microcomputer system.
3. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the impact electric sucker (12) is connected with the output end of the linear driving motor (11) through a buffering heat dissipation base (15);
the buffer heat dissipation base (15) comprises a mounting block (151), a heat dissipation fin (152), a buffer pull rod (153), a damping spring (154) and a fixing sleeve (155), wherein a rectangular through hole is formed in the mounting block (151), a threaded hole is formed in the heat dissipation fin (152), the buffer pull rod (153) is in a three-section stepped shaft shape, and threads are arranged on the peripheral surface of the fixing sleeve (155);
the mounting block (151) is used for mounting the electric shock chuck (12) on the front end face, the radiating fins (152) are mounted on the inner wall of a rectangular through hole of the mounting block (151), the front section of the buffering pull rod (153) penetrates through the damping spring (154) and then is coaxially connected with the fixing sleeve (155), the rear section of the buffering pull rod (153) is coaxially connected with the output end of the linear driving motor (11), and the fixing sleeve (155) is fixed in the threaded hole through threaded fit.
4. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the punch mounting base (13) is of a groove-shaped structure, and a cylindrical silicon steel sheet (131) is mounted on the rear end face of the punch mounting base (13);
the rear end face of the cylindrical silicon steel sheet (131) is opposite to the impact electric sucker (12), and the center lines of the cylindrical silicon steel sheet and the impact electric sucker are positioned on the same straight line.
5. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the impact mechanism (1) further comprises an air floatation guide rail (16), a guide rail mounting base (161), a grating ruler (162), a grating ruler reading head (163) and a reading head mounting plate (164), wherein the grating ruler reading head (163) is matched with the grating ruler (162) for use, and the guide rail mounting base (161) is fixedly mounted on the rack (5);
the air floatation guide rail (16) is arranged on the guide rail mounting base (161) from back to front, the punch mounting base (13) is movably arranged on a slide carriage of the air floatation guide rail (16), the grating ruler (162) is attached to the slide carriage of the air floatation guide rail (16), and the grating ruler reading head (163) is arranged on the guide rail mounting base (161) through the reading head mounting plate (164);
the grating ruler (162) and the grating ruler reading head (163) are arranged oppositely, and the gap distance between the grating ruler and the grating ruler reading head is between 1mm and 1.5 mmm.
6. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the sand flow rate control valve (22) comprises a flow rate control valve body (221), and a sand conveying pipeline (26) is arranged below the sand flow rate control valve (22);
the top of the flow rate control valve body (221) is provided with a sand grain through hole (222), the side surface of the flow rate control valve body (221) is provided with a speed regulation hole (223), a flow rate regulation sheet (224) is arranged in the speed regulation hole (223), and a scale (225) is attached to the flow rate regulation sheet (224);
the neck channel of the sand feeding funnel (21), the internal channel of the sand flow rate control valve (22) and the internal channel of the sand feeding pipeline (26) are rectangular holes with the same size.
7. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the funnel support is characterized by further comprising a funnel support (24), a first fixing clamp (25), a second fixing clamp (38), a first cross beam (23) and a second cross beam (37), wherein the funnel support (24) is fixed on the rack (5), the first fixing clamp (25) is provided with a first transverse through hole, and the second fixing clamp (38) is provided with a second transverse through hole;
the first fixing clamp (25) is arranged in the middle of the funnel support (24), one end of the first cross beam (23) is fixedly provided with the sand conveying funnel (21), and the other end of the first cross beam (23) is fixed on the funnel support (24) in a mode of penetrating through the first transverse through hole;
the second fixing clamp (38) is installed at the top of the funnel support (24), one end of the second cross beam (37) is fixedly installed on the sand grain storage (34), and the other end of the second cross beam (37) is fixed on the funnel support (24) in a mode of penetrating through the second transverse through hole.
8. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the sand automatic circulation mechanism (3) further comprises a rectangular feed opening (31) and a sand recovery funnel (32), wherein the rectangular feed opening (31) is arranged on the rack (5) and is positioned right below the sand conveying funnel (21), and the sand recovery funnel (32) is fixed right below the rectangular feed opening (31) and is positioned right above the sand recovery box (33);
the sand recovery box (33) is of a rectangular box structure as a whole, the top of the box is provided with an opening, and the bottom corner of the box is provided with a pipeline interface (331), wherein the pipeline interface (331) is communicated with one end of the sand collecting pipeline (35);
two adjacent inner wall surfaces of the sand grain recovery box (33) are in a V-shaped inclined structure and extend to the pipeline interface (331) in an inclined mode respectively.
9. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the sand storage device (34) is in a funnel shape with a closed top, a vertical cylindrical sand passage (341) is arranged in the center of the top of the sand storage device, two transverse passage interfaces (342) which are respectively communicated with the sand collecting pipeline (35) and the air pump are arranged on the side wall of the top of the sand passage (341), and a filtering device (36) is arranged in the transverse passage interface (342) communicated with the air pump;
the sand storage device (34) further comprises a sand cut-off valve core (343), a flexible cable (344), a roller (345) and a piston valve control motor (346), wherein the sand cut-off valve core (343) is made of rubber, and the piston valve control motor (346) is used for driving the roller (345) to rotate on a vertical plane;
the sand stop valve core (343) is positioned at the lower opening of the sand storage (34), one end of the flexible cable (344) is connected with the sand stop valve core (343), and the other end of the flexible cable (344) is connected with the flexible cable (344).
10. The impact wear test device capable of simulating sand grains and high-temperature complex environment according to claim 1, wherein: the sample heating mechanism (4) further comprises a heating mechanism base (42), a heat insulation plate (43) and a heat insulation plate mounting block (44), wherein the heating mechanism base (42) is mounted on the rack (5);
the heat insulation plate (43) is fixedly arranged on the rear end face of the heating mechanism base (42) through the heat insulation plate mounting block (44);
the heating block (41) is installed on the rear end face of the heat insulation plate (43), at least one electric heating rod installation hole (45) is formed in the upper end face of the heating block (41), and a sample clamp installation hole (46) used for fixedly installing the sample clamp (17) is formed in the rear end face of the heating block (41).
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| CN109470589A (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2019-03-15 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | A kind of grains of sand corrosion testing apparatus |
| CN109975148B (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2024-01-26 | 中信戴卡股份有限公司 | Automatic sand grain wearing and tearing device |
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| CN112630058B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-07-07 | 成都理工大学 | Assembled shot impact test device |
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| CN114878311B (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-08-15 | 中国兵器装备集团西南技术工程研究所 | Sand dust environment-friction wear dynamic test device |
| CN117388094B (en) * | 2023-12-13 | 2024-02-23 | 武汉东海石化重型装备有限公司 | Device and method for detecting impact performance of heat exchanger pipeline |
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