CN106932325B - Device and test method for mud-water fluid seepage of rock fracture under action of dynamic and static loads - Google Patents
Device and test method for mud-water fluid seepage of rock fracture under action of dynamic and static loads Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 153
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011089 mechanical engineering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rock fracture muddy water fluid seepage device under the action of dynamic and static loads, which comprises a test piece device, a static pressure loading device, a dynamic pressure loading device, a side pressure loading device, a sealing device, an osmotic pressure testing device, an osmotic pore canal device, a pressure servo loading device and a computer controller. According to the invention, static load is applied to the rock fracture through the static pressure loading device, dynamic load is applied to the rock fracture through the dynamic pressure loading device, a time course curve of incident waves and reflected waves is obtained through the dynamic strain gauge stuck on the side face of the pressure head and the dynamic strain gauge connected with the dynamic strain gauge, and dynamic osmotic pressure changes of muddy water fluid at each penetrating hollow pore canal are tested through the piezoelectric pressure sensor, so that a waveform curve of dynamic osmotic pressure at different parts on the rock fracture and seepage rules of muddy water fluid with different water contents in the rock fracture under the action of dynamic and static loads are obtained. The invention also discloses a test method of the rock fracture muddy water fluid seepage device under the action of dynamic and static loads.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of engineering geology, in particular to a device and a test method for mud-water fluid seepage of a rock fracture under the action of dynamic and static loads.
Background
The fractured rock mass is a complex medium frequently encountered in various projects such as hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, mining engineering, railway and highway construction engineering, civil construction engineering, petroleum engineering, marine exploration and development engineering and the like, and the seepage characteristic of rock fracture is always the leading edge and hot subject of research of rock mechanics workers.
The existing rock fracture seepage device is mostly used for researching seepage rules of water or gas, such as: rock water-gas seepage-stress coupling test device, experimental study on rock fracture water seepage physical property law under the action of three-dimensional stress, gas-water two-phase seepage experimental study in coal rock medium and the like. In mining and tunnel engineering in karst cave areas in mountain areas, mud-water mixtures are often filled in surrounding rock cracks, and how does the seepage law of the mud-water mixtures in the rock cracks? At present, few researches are carried out, and no report is made on a seepage device of muddy water fluid in rock fracture seepage. In the existing rock fracture seepage device, the applied stress is static load, and no dynamic load is applied, for example: the device comprises a two-dimensional rock sample fracture network seepage test device, a true triaxial stress rock fracture seepage test deformation measurement device, experimental research on a rock single fracture seepage rule under the action of two-dimensional stress, development and application of a rock stress-seepage coupling true triaxial test system and the like.
The existing rock fracture seepage device tests a static permeability coefficient and a static seepage field, wherein the static seepage field is generated by a hydraulic gradient and can be described by Darcy's law to a certain extent. In rock mechanical engineering such as mining, the osmotic pressure of muddy water fluid in a rock fracture is changed due to blasting dynamic disturbance, a dynamic seepage field is generated in the rock fracture, the dynamic seepage field is formed by extruding the rock fracture by stress waves generated by dynamic load, the muddy water osmotic pressure in the rock fracture is instantaneously increased, and the dynamic seepage field is not generated by muddy water pressure gradient and cannot be solved by the traditional Darcy seepage theory.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the rock fracture muddy water fluid seepage device with simple structure and reliable operation under the action of dynamic and static loads, and provides a test method of the seepage device.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows: the device comprises a test piece device, wherein the test piece device comprises an upper disc rock block and a lower disc rock block, the upper disc rock block and the lower disc rock block are mutually overlapped to form a rock crack, the interior of the lower disc rock block is perpendicular to a rock crack surface, a plurality of penetrating hollow pore canals are uniformly drilled on the lower disc rock block along the length and width directions of a crack plane, and the lower parts of the hollow pore canals are plugged by plugs; the static pressure loading device is arranged above the test piece device and is used for applying static load to the rock fracture; the dynamic pressure loading device is arranged above the test piece device and used for applying dynamic load to the rock cracks; the side pressure loading device is arranged at the side direction of the test piece device and used for applying side pressure to the rock fracture; the sealing device is arranged at the side part of the test piece device and used for preventing the mud-water mixture from flowing out of the rock cracks; the osmotic pressure testing device is arranged in the penetrating type hollow pore canal and used for testing the osmotic pressure of each hollow pore canal; the permeation pore canal device is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the muddy water fluid of the test piece device and is used for providing a permeation channel for the muddy water fluid; the pressure servo loading device is arranged at the inlet side of the muddy water fluid of the test piece device and used for enabling the muddy water fluid to permeate through the rock cracks; and the computer controller is respectively connected with the static pressure loading device, the dynamic pressure loading device and the osmotic pressure testing device and is used for recording data and drawing corresponding curves.
Above-mentioned rock crack muddy water fluid seepage flow device under dynamic and static load effect, side pressure loading device includes loading hydro-cylinder, clamp plate I, clamp plate II and reaction frame, the left and right sides of test piece device is respectively as muddy water fluid's access and exit side, reaction frame left and right sides respectively is equipped with a arch, and test piece device places on the reaction frame, and the reaction frame right side is hugged closely on the test piece device right side is protruding, clamp plate I hugs closely test piece device left side and installs, and loading hydro-cylinder installs between reaction frame left side arch and clamp plate I, exerts pressure through loading hydro-cylinder and acts on the reaction frame, will side pressure in test piece device left surface, both sides are equipped with a clamp plate II around the test piece device, fasten clamp plate II on the reaction frame with the bolt, apply the side pressure in test piece device front and back side.
The sealing device comprises a rubber gasket strip and a rubber gasket, wherein the rubber gasket strip comprises a rubber gasket strip I, a rubber gasket strip II, a rubber gasket strip III and a rubber gasket strip IV, the rubber gasket strip I and the rubber gasket strip II are positioned on the right side of a pressing plate I and embedded in the pressing plate I, the rubber gasket strip I and the rubber gasket strip II are tightly attached to the left side surfaces of an upper disc rock block and a lower disc rock block by applying pressure to the pressing plate I, the rubber gasket strip III and the rubber gasket strip IV are positioned on the left side of the bulge on the right side of a reaction frame and embedded in the bulge on the right side of the reaction frame, the rubber gasket strip III and the rubber gasket strip IV are tightly attached to the right side surfaces of the upper disc rock block and the lower disc rock block by applying pressure to the pressing plate I, the inner side surface of the pressing plate II is provided with a rubber gasket, the pressing plate II applies pressure to the rubber gasket strip by bolts, and the rubber gasket strip is tightly attached to the front side and the rear side surfaces of the upper disc rock block and the lower disc rock block.
The mud-water fluid seepage device for the rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads comprises a mud-water inlet channel, a mud-water inlet groove, a mud-water outlet groove and a mud-water outlet channel, wherein the length of the mud-water inlet groove is equal to the width of the rock cracks and is connected with the rock cracks, the mud-water inlet channel is positioned in a pressing plate I, one end of the mud-water inlet channel is communicated with the mud-water inlet groove, the other end of the mud-water inlet channel is connected with a pressure servo loading device, the length of the mud-water outlet groove is equal to the width of the rock cracks and is connected with the rock cracks, the mud-water outlet channel is positioned in a bulge on the right side of a counterforce frame, one end of the mud-water outlet channel is communicated with the mud-water outlet groove, the other end of the mud-water outlet channel is connected with a conduit, a beaker is arranged at the outlet of the conduit, and the beaker is placed on an electronic balance; the mud-water fluid with fixed pressure permeates through the rock cracks through the mud-water inlet pore canal and the mud-water inlet groove, flows out through the mud-water outlet groove and the mud-water outlet pore canal, flows into the beaker through the guide pipe, and the electronic balance measures the mass change of the mud-water mixture permeated through the rock cracks and converts the mass change into the volume change, so that the static mud-water permeability of the rock cracks is calculated.
The static pressure loading device comprises a pressure head, a hemispherical pressure head pair, a vertical ball screw and a loading cross beam, wherein the hemispherical pressure head pair is arranged on an upper rock block, the pressure head is arranged on the hemispherical pressure head pair, dynamic strain gages are stuck on the side face of the pressure head, two vertical ball screws are arranged on two sides of the pressure head, the loading cross beam is arranged between the two vertical ball screws, the two vertical ball screws drive the loading cross beam to move up and down, and static load is applied to the pressure head.
The dynamic pressure loading device comprises a drop hammer, a drop rod, a pull rope, a trapezoid fixed steel frame and fixed pulleys, wherein the trapezoid fixed steel frame is fixed on a cross beam of a laboratory, the center of the loading cross beam and the center of the bottom of the trapezoid fixed steel frame are respectively provided with a round opening, the two round openings are positioned on the same vertical plane, two vertical ball screws are joggled with the bottom of the trapezoid fixed steel frame, the upper end of the drop rod is fixed at the top of the trapezoid fixed steel frame, the lower end of the drop rod passes through the two round openings and is fixed on a pressing head, the drop hammer is in a cylinder, the outer diameter of the drop hammer is smaller than that of the round openings, the drop hammer is sleeved on the drop rod, the two fixed pulleys are arranged on the right upper side of the trapezoid fixed steel frame, and the pull rope is connected with the drop hammer and is tied at a certain fixed position on the ground through the two fixed pulleys; when dynamic pressure is applied, the pull rope is loosened, the drop hammer freely falls down along the drop rod, passes through the two circular openings, applies dynamic load to the pressure head, transfers the dynamic load to the upper disc rock mass through the hemispherical pressure head pair, and finally is applied to the rock fissure.
The device for testing the osmotic pressure of the muddy water fluid of the rock fracture under the action of dynamic and static load comprises a piezoelectric pressure sensor and a signal wire, wherein the piezoelectric pressure sensor is arranged at the upper part of a hollow pore canal of a lower disc rock block and is connected with a computer controller through the signal wire, and the static osmotic pressure and the dynamic osmotic pressure of the muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal under the action of dynamic and static load are tested.
The computer controller comprises a computer and a dynamic strain gauge, wherein the piezoelectric pressure sensor is communicated with the computer through a signal wire, the input end of the dynamic strain gauge is connected with the dynamic strain gauge, and the output end of the dynamic strain gauge is communicated with the computer.
The pressure servo loading device comprises a pressure servo loader and a valve, and the pressure servo loader is connected with the mud water inlet pore canal through the valve.
The test method of the seepage device comprises the following steps:
(1) Machining and installing a test piece; selecting rock cracks with good upper and lower fit in a tunnel or tunnel site where mud burst frequently occurs, finely processing and polishing each surface of an upper rock block and a lower rock block of the irregular rock cracks, polishing the rock cracks into an upper disc rock block and a lower disc rock block, ensuring that the polished and polished rock cracks are well fit, drilling a penetrating hollow duct with the diameter of 1cm at intervals of 5cm along the length and the width direction of the plane of the rock cracks in the lower disc rock block vertical to the crack surface, and numbering each hollow duct; the upper part of each hollow pore canal of the lower disc rock block is provided with a piezoelectric pressure sensor near the rock crack, the lower part of the hollow pore canal is blocked by a plug, and the piezoelectric pressure sensor is connected with a computer through a signal wire;
(2) Installing and sealing a seepage device; after each part of the seepage device is installed, an upper disc rock block and a lower disc rock block are placed in the seepage device, bolts are screwed, a pressing plate II applies pressure to a rubber pad, front and rear side walls of a rock crack are sealed through the rubber pad, so that muddy water fluid cannot leak from the front and rear side walls of the rock crack, oil pressure of 1MPa is applied in a loading oil cylinder, the pressure is acted on the pressing plate I through a counter-force frame, and the rubber gasket I, the rubber gasket II, the rubber gasket III and the rubber gasket IV are tightly attached to left and right side walls of the upper disc rock block and the lower disc rock block, so that muddy water fluid cannot leak from a flowing water mixed fluid inlet and outlet of a test piece device;
(3) Static osmotic pressure test; the method comprises the steps of driving a loading cross beam to move through a two-way ball screw, applying static load to a pressure head, keeping the static load unchanged, applying 0.5MPa of muddy water fluid to a muddy water inlet duct through a pressure servo loader, testing the change of the muddy water fluid static osmotic pressure at each hollow duct along with time through a piezoelectric pressure sensor, testing the mass M of the muddy water fluid penetrating through a rock crack through an electronic balance, converting the mass M into a volume V, recording the time, and obtaining the flow Q passing through the rock crack, so that the static osmotic coefficient of the rock crack is calculated;
(4) Dynamic osmotic pressure test; continuously keeping static load unchanged, placing a drop hammer at a position with a certain height from the ground along a drop rod, loosening a pull rope, enabling the drop hammer to freely fall along the drop rod, penetrating through a circular opening in the center of a loading cross beam and the bottom of a trapezoid fixed steel frame, applying dynamic load to a pressure head, generating stress waves, transmitting the dynamic load to an upper disc rock mass through a hemispherical pressure head, finally applying the dynamic load to a rock fracture, obtaining a time course curve of incident waves and reflected waves through a dynamic strain gauge adhered to the side surface of the pressure head and a dynamic strain gauge connected with the dynamic strain gauge, and testing dynamic osmotic pressure changes of muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal through a piezoelectric pressure sensor, thereby obtaining a waveform curve of dynamic osmotic pressure at different positions on the rock fracture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is provided with an osmotic pressure testing device, a plurality of penetrating hollow pore canals are drilled in the lower disc rock, a piezoelectric pressure sensor of the osmotic pressure testing device is arranged at the upper part of the hollow pore canals of the lower disc rock and is connected with a computer controller through a signal wire, so that the static osmotic pressure and the dynamic osmotic pressure of muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal under the action of dynamic and static load are tested.
2. According to the invention, static load is applied to the rock fracture through the static pressure loading device, dynamic load is applied to the rock fracture through the dynamic pressure loading device, a time course curve of incident waves and reflected waves is obtained through the dynamic strain gauge stuck on the side face of the pressure head and the dynamic strain gauge connected with the dynamic strain gauge, and the dynamic osmotic pressure change of muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal is tested through the piezoelectric pressure sensor, so that a waveform curve of dynamic osmotic pressure at different parts on the rock fracture and a seepage rule of muddy water fluid with different water contents in the rock fracture under the action of dynamic and static loads are obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the seepage device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the lower structure of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the drop hammer in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the platen i in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the loading beam of fig. 1.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the time course of the incident and reflected waves of the pressure head and the dynamic osmotic pressure waveform in the hollow duct when a dynamic load is applied according to the first embodiment of the test method of the seepage device of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the time course of the incident and reflected waves of the pressure head and the dynamic osmotic pressure waveform in the hollow duct when a dynamic load is applied in the second embodiment of the test method of the seepage device of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the time course of the incident and reflected waves of the pressure head and the dynamic osmotic pressure waveform in the hollow duct when a dynamic load is applied in the third embodiment of the test method of the seepage device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. upper disc rock mass, 2, lower disc rock mass, 3, rock fracture, 4, piezoelectric pressure sensor, 5, mud water inlet port, 6, mud water outlet port, 7, computer, 8, hollow port, 9, electronic balance, 10, rubber gasket, 11, plug, 12, platen i, 13, signal line, 14, loading cylinder, 15, loading beam, 16, circular opening, 17, vertical ball screw transmission device, 18, drop hammer, 19, drop rod, 20, pull rope, 21, mud water inlet tank, 22, mud water outlet tank, 23, conduit, 24, beaker, 25, platen ii, 26, rubber gasket i, 27, rubber gasket ii, 28, rubber gasket iii, 29, rubber gasket iv, 30, bolt, 31, dynamic strain gauge, 32, pressure head, 33, hemispherical head pair, 34, reaction frame, 35, pressure servo loader, 36, valve, 37, dynamic strain gauge, 38, trapezoidal fixed steel frame, 39, fixed pulley.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
1-6, a mud-water fluid seepage device for rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads comprises a test piece device, wherein the test piece device comprises an upper disc rock block 1 and a lower disc rock block 2, the upper disc rock block 1 and the lower disc rock block 2 are mutually overlapped to form a rock crack 3, the interior of the lower disc rock block 2 is perpendicular to a rock crack surface, a penetrating hollow pore canal 8 with the diameter of 1cm is drilled on the lower disc rock block 2 along the length and width directions of the plane of the rock crack 3 at intervals of 5cm, and the lower part of the hollow pore canal 8 is blocked by a plug 11; the static pressure loading device is arranged above the test piece device and is used for applying static load to the rock fracture 3; the dynamic pressure loading device is arranged above the test piece device and is used for applying dynamic load to the rock fracture 3; the side pressure loading device is arranged at the side of the test piece device and is used for applying side pressure to the rock fracture 3; the sealing device is arranged at the side part of the test piece device and used for preventing muddy water fluid from flowing out of the rock cracks 3; osmotic pressure testing device arranged in the hollow pore canal 8 and used for testing osmotic pressure of each hollow pipeline; the permeation pore canal device is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the muddy water fluid of the test piece device and is used for providing a permeation channel for the muddy water fluid; the pressure servo loading device is arranged on the inlet side of the muddy water fluid of the test piece device and used for enabling the muddy water fluid to permeate through the rock cracks 3; and the computer controller is respectively connected with the static pressure loading device, the dynamic pressure loading device and the osmotic pressure testing device and is used for recording data and drawing corresponding curves.
The side pressure loading device comprises a loading oil cylinder 14, a pressing plate I12, a pressing plate II 25 and a reaction frame 34, wherein the left side and the right side of the test piece device are respectively used as inlet and outlet sides of muddy water fluid, the left side and the right side of the reaction frame 34 are respectively provided with a bulge, the test piece device is placed on the reaction frame 34, the right side of the test piece device is tightly clung to the bulge on the right side of the reaction frame 34, the pressing plate I12 is tightly clung to the left side of the test piece device, the loading oil cylinder 14 is arranged between the bulge on the left side of the reaction frame 34 and the pressing plate I12, the pressure is applied to the reaction frame 34 through the loading oil cylinder 14, the side pressure is applied to the left side of the test piece device, the pressing plate II 25 is arranged on the front side and the rear side of the test piece device, the pressing plate II 25 is fastened on the reaction frame 34 through 4 bolts, and the side pressure is applied to the front side and the rear side of the test piece device.
The sealing device comprises a rubber gasket strip and a rubber gasket 10, the rubber gasket strip comprises a rubber gasket strip I26, a rubber gasket strip II 27, a rubber gasket strip III 28 and a rubber gasket strip IV 29, the rubber gasket strip I26 and the rubber gasket strip II 27 are positioned on the right side of a pressing plate I12 and embedded in the pressing plate I12, the rubber gasket strip I26 and the rubber gasket strip II 27 are tightly attached to the left side surfaces of an upper disc rock block 1 and a lower disc rock block 2 by applying pressure to the pressing plate I12, the rubber gasket strip III 28 and the rubber gasket strip IV 29 are positioned on the left side of a right side bulge of a reaction frame 34 and embedded in the right side bulge of the reaction frame 34, the rubber gasket strip III 28 and the rubber gasket strip IV 29 are tightly attached to the right side surfaces of the upper disc rock block 1 and the lower disc rock block 2 by applying pressure to the pressing plate I12, the inner side surface of the pressing plate II 25 is provided with the rubber gasket 10, the pressing plate II 25 is tightly attached to the front side and back side surfaces of the upper disc rock block 1 and the lower disc rock block 2 by applying pressure to the pressing plate II 25 to the rubber gasket 10 by using bolts 30.
The infiltration pore canal device comprises a muddy water inlet pore canal 5, a muddy water inlet groove 21, a muddy water outlet groove 22 and a muddy water outlet pore canal 6, wherein the muddy water inlet groove 21 is equal in length to the width of the rock fissure 3 and is connected with the rock fissure 3, the muddy water inlet pore canal 5 is positioned in the pressing plate I12, one end of the muddy water inlet pore canal is communicated with the muddy water inlet groove 21, the other end of the muddy water inlet pore canal 5 is connected with a pressure servo loading device, the muddy water outlet groove 22 is equal in length to the width of the rock fissure 3 and is connected with the rock fissure 3, the muddy water outlet pore canal 6 is positioned in a bulge on the right side of the counterforce frame 34, one end of the muddy water outlet pore canal 6 is communicated with the muddy water outlet groove 22, the other end of the muddy water outlet pore canal 6 is connected with a conduit 23, an outlet of the conduit 23 is provided with a beaker 24, and the beaker 24 is placed on the electronic balance 9; the mud-water fluid with fixed pressure permeates the rock cracks 3 through the mud-water inlet pore canal 5 and the mud-water inlet groove 21, flows out through the mud-water outlet pore canal 6 and the mud-water outlet groove 22 and flows into the beaker 24 through the guide pipe 23, and the electronic balance 9 measures the mass change of the mud-water mixture permeated through the rock cracks 3 and converts the mass change into the volume change, so that the static mud-water permeability of the rock cracks 3 is calculated.
The static pressure loading device comprises a pressing head 32, a hemispherical pressing head pair 33, vertical ball screws 17 and a loading cross beam 15, wherein the hemispherical pressing head pair 33 is arranged on an upper disc rock mass 1, the pressing head 32 is arranged on the hemispherical pressing head pair 33, dynamic strain gauges 31 are stuck on the side surfaces of the pressing head 32, two vertical ball screws 17 are arranged on two sides of the pressing head 32, the loading cross beam 15 is arranged between the two vertical ball screws 17, the two vertical ball screws 17 drive the loading cross beam 15 to move up and down, static load is applied to the pressing head 32, the static load is transferred to the upper disc rock mass 1 through the hemispherical pressing head pair 33, and finally the static load is applied to a rock fracture 3.
The dynamic pressure loading device comprises a drop weight 18, a drop rod 19, a pull rope 20, a trapezoid fixed steel frame 38 and fixed pulleys 39, wherein the trapezoid fixed steel frame 38 is fixed on a cross beam of a laboratory, the center of the loading cross beam 15 and the center of the bottom of the trapezoid fixed steel frame 38 are respectively provided with a round opening 16, the two round openings 16 are positioned on the same vertical plane, two vertical ball screws 17 are joggled with the bottom of the trapezoid fixed steel frame 38, the upper end of the drop rod 19 is fixed at the top of the trapezoid fixed steel frame 38, the lower end of the drop rod 19 is fixed on a pressure head 32 through the two round openings 16, the drop weight 18 is in a cylinder shape, the outer diameter of the drop weight is smaller than that of the round openings 16, the drop weight 18 is sleeved on the drop rod 19, the two fixed pulleys 39 are arranged at the right upper side of the trapezoid fixed steel frame 38, the pull rope 20 is connected with the drop weight 18, and is tied at a certain fixed position on the ground through the two fixed pulleys 39; when dynamic pressure is applied, the pull rope 20 is loosened, the drop hammer 18 freely falls down along the drop rod 19, passes through the two circular openings 16, applies dynamic load to the pressing head 32, transfers the dynamic load to the upper disc rock mass 1 through the hemispherical pressing head pair 33, and finally is applied to the rock fissure 3.
The osmotic pressure testing device comprises a piezoelectric pressure sensor 4 and a signal wire 13, wherein the piezoelectric pressure sensor 4 is arranged at the upper part of the hollow pore canal 8 of the lower disc rock mass 2 and is connected with a computer controller through the signal wire 13, and static osmotic pressure and dynamic osmotic pressure of muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal 8 under the action of dynamic and static load are tested.
The computer controller comprises a computer 7 and a dynamic strain gauge 37, the piezoelectric pressure sensor 4 is communicated with the computer 7 through a signal wire 13, the input end of the dynamic strain gauge 37 is connected with the dynamic strain gauge 31, and the output end of the dynamic strain gauge 37 is communicated with the computer 7.
The pressure servo loading device comprises a pressure servo loader 35 and a valve 36, wherein the pressure servo loader 35 is connected with the mud water inlet pore canal 5 through the valve 36.
A test method of a mud-water fluid seepage device for a rock fracture under the action of dynamic and static loads comprises the following steps:
example 1:
(1) Machining and installing a test piece; selecting rock cracks with good upper and lower fit in a tunnel or tunnel site where mud burst frequently occurs, finely processing and polishing each surface of an upper rock block and a lower rock block of an irregular rock crack, polishing the upper rock block 1 and the lower rock block 2 which are 400 multiplied by 250 multiplied by 125mm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), ensuring that the polished rock cracks fit well, drilling a penetrating hollow duct 8 with the diameter of 1cm at intervals of 5cm along the length and width direction of the plane of the rock crack 3 in the lower rock block 2, and numbering each hollow duct 8; the piezoelectric pressure sensor 4 is arranged at the position, close to the rock crack 3, of the upper part of each hollow duct 8 of the lower disc rock mass 2, the lower part of the hollow duct 8 is plugged by a plug 11, and the piezoelectric pressure sensor 4 is connected with the computer 7 through a signal wire 13;
(2) Installing and sealing a seepage device; after each component of the seepage device is installed, an upper disc rock block 1 and a lower disc rock block 2 are placed in the seepage device, 4 bolts 30 are screwed, a pressing plate II 25 applies pressure to a rubber gasket 10, front and rear side walls of a rock crack 3 are sealed through the rubber gasket 10, muddy water fluid is prevented from leaking from the front and rear side walls of the rock crack 3, oil pressure of 1MPa is applied in a loading oil cylinder 14, the pressure is acted on a pressing plate I12 through a counterforce frame 41, and a rubber gasket I26, a rubber gasket II 27, a rubber gasket III 28 and a rubber gasket IV 29 are tightly attached to left and right side walls of the upper disc rock block 1 and the lower disc rock block 2, so that muddy water fluid is prevented from leaking from a flowing water fluid inlet and outlet of the test piece device;
(3) Static osmotic pressure test; the loading cross beam 15 is driven to move through the two-way ball screw 17, static load 20KN is applied to the pressure head 32, the static load 20KN is kept unchanged, 0.5MPa of muddy water fluid is applied to the muddy water inlet pore canal 5 through the pressure servo loader 35, the change of the muddy water fluid static osmotic pressure at each hollow pore canal 8 along with time is tested through the piezoelectric pressure sensor 4, the mass M of the muddy water fluid penetrating through the rock cracks 3 is tested through the electronic balance 9, the mass M is converted into a volume V, the time is recorded, the flow Q passing through the rock cracks is obtained, and therefore the static osmotic coefficient of the rock cracks is calculated. The calculation formula is as follows:wherein k is a static permeability coefficient; ρ is the mud fluid density; g is gravity accelerationThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Q is flow; l is the length of the rock fracture surface; a is the area of rock fissures on the end face of the sample; Δp is the sample end face pressure difference;
(4) Dynamic osmotic pressure test; the static load 20KN of the hydraulic jack is kept unchanged, the hydraulic jack 18 is kept still at a position 3m away from the ground along the falling rod 19, the pull rope 20 is loosened, the hydraulic jack 18 freely falls along the falling rod 19, the hydraulic jack passes through the center of the loading cross beam 15 and the circular opening 16 at the bottom center of the trapezoid fixed steel frame 38, dynamic load is applied to the pressure head 32, stress waves are generated, the dynamic load is transferred to the upper disc rock mass 1 through the hemispherical pressure head pair 33, finally the dynamic load is applied to the rock fracture 3, the time course curve of incident waves and reflected waves is obtained through the dynamic strain gauge 31 adhered to the side surface of the pressure head 32 and the dynamic strain gauge 37 connected with the dynamic strain gauge 31, and the dynamic osmotic pressure change of muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal 8 is tested through the piezoelectric pressure sensor 4, so that the waveform curve of dynamic osmotic pressure at different positions on the rock fracture 3 is obtained.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing the time course of the incident and reflected waves in the ram 32 during the impact of the drop hammer 18 from the test of example 1, and fig. 7 also shows the waveform of the dynamic osmotic pressure in the hollow tunnel 8, numbered K16.
Example 2: the test procedure was the same as in example 1, and the drop height of the drop hammer 18 was changed to 4m, and the time course curve of the incident wave and the reflected wave in the ram 32 and the waveform curve of the dynamic osmotic pressure in the penetrating hollow duct with the number K16 were obtained during the impact of the drop hammer 18, as shown in fig. 8.
Example 3: the test procedure was the same as in example 1, and the drop height of the drop hammer 18 was changed to 5m, and the time course curve of the incident wave and the reflected wave in the ram 32 and the waveform curve of the dynamic osmotic pressure in the penetrating hollow duct with the number K16 were obtained during the impact of the drop hammer 18, as shown in fig. 9.
Through three embodiments, the test device can test the dynamic osmotic pressure of muddy water fluid in the rock cracks 3 under different dynamic loads.
Claims (6)
1. A test method for mud-water fluid seepage of rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads comprises the following steps:
(1) Machining and installing a test piece: selecting rock cracks with good upper and lower fit in a tunnel or tunnel site where mud burst frequently occurs, finely processing and polishing each surface of an upper rock block and a lower rock block of the irregular rock cracks, polishing the rock cracks into an upper disc rock block and a lower disc rock block, ensuring that the polished and polished rock cracks are well fit, drilling a penetrating hollow duct with the diameter of 1cm at intervals of 5cm along the length and the width direction of the plane of the rock cracks in the lower disc rock block vertical to the crack surface, and numbering each hollow duct; the upper part of each hollow pore canal of the lower disc rock block is provided with a piezoelectric pressure sensor near the rock crack, the lower part of the hollow pore canal is blocked by a plug, and the piezoelectric pressure sensor is connected with a computer through a signal wire;
(2) Installing and sealing a seepage device: after each part of the seepage device is installed, an upper disc rock block and a lower disc rock block are placed in the seepage device, bolts are screwed, a pressing plate II applies pressure to a rubber pad, front and rear side walls of a rock crack are sealed through the rubber pad, so that muddy water fluid cannot leak from the front and rear side walls of the rock crack, oil pressure of 1MPa is applied in a loading oil cylinder, the pressure is acted on the pressing plate I through a counter-force frame, and the rubber gasket I, the rubber gasket II, the rubber gasket III and the rubber gasket IV are tightly attached to left and right side walls of the upper disc rock block and the lower disc rock block, so that muddy water fluid cannot leak from a flowing water mixed fluid inlet and outlet of a test piece device;
(3) Static osmotic pressure test: the loading cross beam is driven to move by the two-way ball screw, static load is applied to the pressure head, the static load is kept unchanged, 0.5MPa of muddy water fluid is applied to the muddy water inlet pore canal by the pressure servo loader, the change of the static osmotic pressure of the muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal along with time is tested by the piezoelectric pressure sensor, and the mass of the muddy water fluid penetrating through the rock cracks is tested by the electronic balanceMAnd convert it into volumeVAnd recording the time to obtain the flow rate through the rock fractureQThereby calculating the static permeability coefficient of the rock fracture;
(4) Dynamic osmotic pressure test: continuously keeping static load unchanged, placing a drop hammer at a position with a certain height from the ground along a drop rod, loosening a pull rope, enabling the drop hammer to freely fall along the drop rod, enabling the drop hammer to pass through a circular opening in the center of a loading cross beam and the center of the bottom of a trapezoid fixed steel frame, applying dynamic load to a pressure head, generating stress waves, transmitting the dynamic load to an upper disc rock mass through a hemispherical pressure head, finally applying the dynamic load to a rock fracture, obtaining a time course curve of incident waves and reflected waves through a dynamic strain gauge adhered to the side surface of the pressure head and a dynamic strain gauge connected with the dynamic strain gauge, and testing dynamic osmotic pressure changes of muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal through a piezoelectric pressure sensor, thereby obtaining a waveform curve of dynamic osmotic pressure at different positions on the rock fracture;
wherein, the device of rock crack muddy water fluid seepage flow under dynamic and static load effect includes: the test piece device comprises an upper disc rock block and a lower disc rock block, the upper disc rock block and the lower disc rock block are mutually overlapped to form rock cracks, the interior of the lower disc rock block is perpendicular to the rock crack surface, a plurality of penetrating hollow pore canals are uniformly drilled on the lower disc rock block along the length and width directions of the crack plane, and the lower parts of the hollow pore canals are plugged by plugs; the static pressure loading device is arranged above the test piece device and is used for applying static load to the rock fracture; the dynamic pressure loading device is arranged above the test piece device and used for applying dynamic load to the rock cracks; the side pressure loading device is arranged at the side direction of the test piece device and used for applying side pressure to the rock fracture; the sealing device is arranged at the side part of the test piece device and used for preventing muddy water fluid from flowing out of the rock cracks; the osmotic pressure testing device is arranged in the penetrating type hollow pore canal and used for testing the osmotic pressure of each hollow pore canal; the permeation pore canal device is arranged at the inlet and outlet of the muddy water fluid of the test piece device and is used for providing a permeation channel for the muddy water fluid; the pressure servo loading device is arranged at the inlet side of the muddy water fluid of the test piece device and used for enabling the muddy water fluid to permeate through the rock cracks; and the computer controller is respectively connected with the static pressure loading device, the dynamic pressure loading device and the osmotic pressure testing device and is used for recording data and drawing corresponding curves;
the static pressure loading device comprises a pressure head, a hemispherical pressure head pair, a vertical ball screw and a loading cross beam, wherein the hemispherical pressure head pair is arranged on an upper disc rock block, the pressure head is arranged on the hemispherical pressure head pair, dynamic strain gages are stuck on the side surfaces of the pressure head, two vertical ball screws are arranged on two sides of the pressure head, the loading cross beam is arranged between the two vertical ball screws, and the two vertical ball screws drive the loading cross beam to move up and down, so that static load is applied to the pressure head;
the dynamic pressure loading device comprises a drop hammer, a drop rod, a pull rope, a trapezoid fixed steel frame and fixed pulleys, wherein the trapezoid fixed steel frame is fixed on a cross beam of a laboratory, the center of the loading cross beam and the center of the bottom of the trapezoid fixed steel frame are respectively provided with a round opening, the two round openings are positioned on the same vertical plane, two vertical ball screws are joggled with the bottom of the trapezoid fixed steel frame, the upper end of the drop rod is fixed at the top of the trapezoid fixed steel frame, the lower end of the drop rod passes through the two round openings to be fixed on a pressing head, the drop hammer is in a cylinder shape, the outer diameter of the drop hammer is smaller than that of the round opening, the drop hammer is sleeved on the drop rod, the two fixed pulleys are arranged on the right upper side of the trapezoid fixed steel frame, and the pull rope is connected with the drop hammer and is tied at a certain fixed position on the ground through the two fixed pulleys; when dynamic pressure is applied, a pull rope is loosened, a drop hammer freely falls down along a falling rod, passes through two circular openings, applies dynamic load to a pressure head, transfers the dynamic load to an upper disc rock mass through a hemispherical pressure head pair, and finally is applied to a rock crack;
the osmotic pressure testing device comprises piezoelectric pressure sensors and signal wires, wherein the piezoelectric pressure sensors are arranged at the upper parts of the hollow pore canals of the lower disc rock mass and are connected with the computer controller through the signal wires, and the static osmotic pressure and the dynamic osmotic pressure of muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal under the action of dynamic and static loads are tested;
the static load is applied to the rock cracks through the static pressure loading device, the dynamic load is applied to the rock cracks through the dynamic pressure loading device, a time course curve of an incident wave and a reflected wave is obtained through a dynamic strain gauge stuck on the side face of the pressure head and a dynamic strain gauge connected with the dynamic strain gauge, and dynamic osmotic pressure changes of muddy water fluid at each hollow pore canal are tested through the piezoelectric pressure sensor, so that a waveform curve of dynamic osmotic pressure at different parts of the rock cracks and seepage rules of muddy water fluid with different water contents in the rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads are obtained.
2. The method for testing the muddy water fluid seepage of the rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the side pressure loading device comprises a loading oil cylinder, a pressing plate I, a pressing plate II and a reaction frame, wherein the left side and the right side of the test piece device are respectively used as inlets and outlets of muddy water fluid, the left side and the right side of the reaction frame are respectively provided with a bulge, the test piece device is placed on the reaction frame, the right side of the test piece device is clung to the bulge on the right side of the reaction frame, the pressing plate I is clung to the left side of the test piece device and is arranged between the bulge on the left side of the reaction frame and the pressing plate I, the pressure is applied to the reaction frame through the loading oil cylinder, the side pressure is applied to the left side of the test piece device, the front side and the rear side of the test piece device are respectively provided with a pressing plate II, the pressing plate II is fastened on the reaction frame through bolts, and the side pressure is applied to the front side and the rear side of the test piece device.
3. The method for testing the muddy water fluid seepage of the rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the sealing device comprises a rubber gasket strip and a rubber gasket, the rubber gasket strip comprises a rubber gasket strip I, a rubber gasket strip II, a rubber gasket strip III and a rubber gasket strip IV, the rubber gasket strip I and the rubber gasket strip II are located on the right side of a pressing plate I and embedded in the pressing plate I, the rubber gasket strip I and the rubber gasket strip II are tightly attached to the left side face of an upper disc rock block and a lower disc rock block by applying pressure to the pressing plate I, the rubber gasket strip III and the rubber gasket strip IV are located on the left side of a right side of a counterforce frame and embedded in the right side of the counterforce frame, the rubber gasket strip III and the rubber gasket strip IV are tightly attached to the right side face of the upper disc rock block and the lower disc rock block by applying pressure to the pressing plate I, the rubber gasket is arranged on the inner side face of the pressing plate II and the pressing plate II is used for applying pressure to the rubber gasket sheet, and the rubber gasket sheet is tightly attached to the front side face and the rear side face of the upper disc rock block and the lower disc rock block.
4. The method for testing the muddy water fluid seepage of the rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the device comprises a mud water inlet channel, a mud water inlet groove, a mud water outlet groove and a mud water outlet channel, wherein the length of the mud water inlet groove is equal to the width of a rock crack and is connected with the rock crack, the mud water inlet channel is positioned in a pressing plate I, one end of the mud water inlet channel is communicated with the mud water inlet groove, the other end of the mud water inlet channel is connected with a pressure servo loading device, the length of the mud water outlet groove is equal to the width of the rock crack and is connected with the rock crack, the mud water outlet channel is positioned in a bulge on the right side of a reaction frame, one end of the mud water outlet channel is communicated with the mud water outlet groove, the other end of the mud water outlet channel is connected with a guide pipe, a beaker is arranged at the outlet of the guide pipe, and the beaker is placed on an electronic balance; the mud-water fluid with fixed pressure permeates through the rock cracks through the mud-water inlet pore canal and the mud-water inlet groove, flows out through the mud-water outlet groove and the mud-water outlet pore canal, flows into the beaker through the guide pipe, and the electronic balance measures the mass change of the mud-water mixture permeated through the rock cracks and converts the mass change into the volume change, so that the static mud-water permeability of the rock cracks is calculated.
5. The method for testing the muddy water fluid seepage of the rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the computer controller comprises a computer and a dynamic strain gauge, the piezoelectric pressure sensor is communicated with the computer through a signal wire, the input end of the dynamic strain gauge is connected with the dynamic strain gauge, and the output end of the dynamic strain gauge is communicated with the computer.
6. The method for testing the muddy water fluid seepage of the rock cracks under the action of dynamic and static loads according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the pressure servo loading device comprises a pressure servo loader and a valve, and the pressure servo loader is connected with the mud water inlet pore canal through the valve.
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