JPH0690614A - Cultivation of strawberry - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a strawberry cultivation method capable of culturing strawberry all the year round and getting a sufficiently satisfactory yield. CONSTITUTION:The cultivation of strawberry S is carried out in a well- ventilated rain-proof greenhouse H. The ground temperature near the planting part of the strawberry S is maintained to 20-25 deg.: during the high-temperature period and 13-18C during the low-temperature period. The whole strawberry S is covered with a completely light-shielding sheet 10 during the high- temperature long-day period and the short-day treatment is carried out at a daily exposure time of 8-10hr. The air in the sheet 10 is ventilated during the light-shielding period.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for growing strawberries in a greenhouse.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years,
The demand for strawberries in Japan tends to increase, centering on varieties of high quality such as Onamine, which are strawberries in one season. Therefore, in the market, the demand for strawberries is higher than the seasons and the seasons, and there is a demand for a stable supply of high-quality strawberries of this kind throughout the year.

[0003] In recent years, the strawberry production patterns have been extremely diversified, and techniques for cultivating and harvesting the above-mentioned seasonal varieties at different times are being established. On the other hand, cultivation of strawberries of the same seedling in the same field all year long has not yet been realized even with conventional cultivation techniques.

The biggest reason why annual cultivation is difficult is that the varieties in one season do not undergo flower bud differentiation under high temperature and long day conditions in summer and autumn, and a sufficient number of buds cannot be secured at that time. . Therefore, conventional cultivation of varieties for a season in the warm and warm regions will make it impossible to harvest strawberry fruits for about 4 months from July to October.

Therefore, conventionally, four seasons varieties that flower-differentiate even under high temperature and long-day conditions, and young or one season varieties are subjected to flower bud differentiation treatment, and harvested in a cool region in summer and autumn when the supply of strawberries decreases. By doing so, we are trying to maintain the year-round supply system. In addition to this, importing foreign strawberries also addresses the supply shortage in the summer and autumn.

However, even if the above measures are taken, it is difficult to sufficiently meet the needs of domestic consumers who desire high quality strawberries, and at present, high quality strawberries are stably supplied in summer and autumn. It was hard to say that it is being done.

[0007] Domestic summer-autumn strawberries are not suitable because they are cultivated in mountainous areas and cool areas, and therefore they are expensive to transport to consumption areas. When considering individual strawberry farmers, there was a situation in which it was difficult to secure an employer at all times because the amount of labor in each season was not constant. This has been an obstacle to expanding the scale of management by increasing the number of employees.

Furthermore, there are some problems to be solved in conventional cultivation, such as high purchase cost of seedlings and large amount of time and time required for raising seedlings and replanting work performed every year. It was

In view of the above circumstances, the inventors of the present invention have conducted diligent research. As a result, when the soil temperature around the planting part of the strawberry is controlled to a predetermined temperature and the cultivation is carried out under short-day conditions in the summer and autumn, the high temperature It was found that even if there were, a certain number of buds could be secured. Moreover, as a result, it has been found that strawberry can be cultivated throughout the year, and very good results such as an increase in fruit yield and an increase in fruit weight can be obtained.

The present inventors have completed the following inventions based on the above findings.

[0011]

According to the present invention, there is provided a strawberry cultivation method for controlling the ground temperature of a strawberry cultivated in a house in the vicinity of a fixed planting portion, wherein the ground temperature is 20 ° C. during a high temperature period.
The temperature is maintained at 25 ° C. and at 13 ° C. to 18 ° C. during the low temperature period, and the strawberries are subjected to short day treatment during the high temperature long day period.

[0012]

According to this cultivation method, flower buds once differentiated in early summer can continue normal growth without suffering from high temperature damage.
In addition, flower buds continue to differentiate due to low temperature short day treatment from summer to autumn. For this reason, a certain number or more of buds are secured on the strawberries throughout the growing period, and as a result, it is possible to harvest them throughout the year.

Further, by maintaining the soil temperature around the strawberry planting portion at the above temperature in the summer and autumn, the temperature near the crown and the root portion can be kept lower than in the case of normal cultivation. It is presumed that this has a positive effect on prevention of poor growth of roots and reduction of small fruits.

When strawberry is cultivated according to the method of the present invention, the soil temperature around the planting part (here, the temperature 15 cm below the surface of the earth) is 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. during the high temperature period and 13 ° C. to 18 ° C. during the low temperature period. It is essential to maintain at ° C. The range of the soil temperature in the high temperature period is 22 ° C to 24 ° C.
More preferably, it is in the range of ° C.

If the temperature is lower than 20 ° C. during the high temperature period, not only the roots will not grow well, but more energy is required for cooling, which is disadvantageous in terms of cost. On the other hand, if the temperature is higher than 25 ° C., the roots will be poorly grown.

If the temperature is higher than 18 ° C. during the low temperature period, much energy is required for heating, which is also disadvantageous in cost. It is preferable that the short day treatment is performed by covering the whole strawberry with a completely light-shielding sheet, and the inside of the sheet is ventilated during the light-shielding.

The reason for using the complete light-shielding sheet is that strawberries react to weak light of 10 lux or less for one season, which may reduce the effectiveness of short-day treatment. Further, the reason for ventilating the inside of the sheet is to avoid physiological damage to the plant body due to an increase in humidity inside the sheet when the sheet is used to shield light.

When the short day treatment is carried out, it is preferable to set the day length within a range of 8 hours to 10 hours. If the day length is less than 8 hours, the growth of plants will be delayed and the increase in yield cannot be expected, which is not preferable. On the other hand, the photoperiod is 1
When it exceeds 0 hours, flower bud differentiation is delayed, which is not preferable.

The effect of the short-day treatment depends on the nutritional condition inside the plant, the temperature inside the sheet, etc. in addition to the above-mentioned day length control. It is preferable to set.

[0020]

EXAMPLES Examples 1 and 2 embodying the strawberry cultivation method of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. [Test Plant] In the present Examples 1 and 2, "Onamine", which is a typical seasonal variety of strawberry S, was selected as the test plant. This seedling was subjected to flower bud induction treatment after being collected in the middle of April. [House and ground temperature control system] Cultivation of "Nyoho" was carried out in a well-ventilated, semi-cylindrical rain shelter house H. Further, as shown in FIG. 1A, the light shielding material M that cuts the sun rays by about 40% is provided on the upper part of the house H.
The house H is covered with the light shielding material M only when the sunlight is strong and the temperature is high, such as during fine weather in summer. At that time, the illuminance in the house H was set to be 40,000 to 70,000 lux.

FIG. 1 (a) shows an air-cooled cold water heating machine (heat pump) 2, a heat medium tank 3, a circulation pump 4,
A geothermal temperature control system 1 is shown which consists of each pipe 5 and thermostat. In the first and second embodiments, this system 1 is used as a means for cooling or heating the soil.

Water as a heat medium is stored in the tank 3. During a high temperature period such as summer and autumn, the water is cooled to 10 ° C. to 14 ° C. by the heat pump 2 and then pumped to each pipe 5 by the circulation pump 4. Then, the water is collected in the tank 3 again after the ground temperature is lowered. On the other hand, during a low temperature period such as winter and spring, water is heated to 35 ° C. to 45 ° C. by the heat pump 2 and then pumped to each pipe 5 by the circulation pump 4 in the same manner.

The thermostat controls ON / OFF of the circulation pump 4 based on the temperature information from the temperature sensor T embedded in the ground. This system 1
In the high temperature period, the circulation pump 4 is turned on when the ground temperature is 24 ° C. or higher, and is turned off when the ground temperature is 20 ° C. or lower. Similarly, in the low temperature period, the circulation pump 4 is turned on when the ground temperature is 14 ° C or lower.
When the ground temperature is above 17 ℃, it turns off.
It becomes a state.

In addition to the main system 1, a watering system (not shown) for supplying water to plants is provided in the house H.
Is provided. [Ridge, Pipe Installation and Cultivation Method] As a ridge for planting strawberry S, a ridge 7 having a height of 40 cm, a length of 25 m, an upper width of 60 cm, and a lower width of 90 cm was formed in a house H.

At this time, a section in which three pipes 5 are arranged in parallel near the upper surface of the ridge 7 (cold water on the ridge / short day treatment area) and a pipe 7 cm below the upper surface of the ridge 7 are provided. A zone (cold soil water / short-day treatment zone) in which 3 of 5 were buried in parallel was set. The former is used as the first embodiment, and the latter is used as the second embodiment.
And

In Example 1, soil is provided to the extent that the pipe 5 is hidden (see FIG. 1 (b)). The pipe 5 is made of vinyl chloride, and its outer diameter and inner diameter are 25 mm and 20 mm, respectively.

The planting of strawberry S seedlings was carried out on June 18, 1991.
The cultivation was continued every day until May 14th of the following year. In addition, the distance between the plants was 18 cm, and two-row planting was performed. After planting, the entire ridges 7 were covered with a silver-colored multi-sheet 8 made of polyethylene and aluminum.

Then, cold water or warm water is circulated through the pipe 5 from the beginning of planting through the growing period, and the strawberry S
The temperature of 15 cm below the planted area was increased to 2 during high temperature.
The temperature was maintained at 2 ° C to 24 ° C, and at 13 ° C to 18 ° C during the low temperature period. More specifically, the cold water treatment is from June 25
The hot water treatment was continuously performed in the high temperature period of October 12, and the hot water treatment was continuously performed in the low temperature period of December 3 to February 28 of the following year.

Regarding the type of fertilizer, application rate, application method and the like, both plots are in accordance with ordinary house strawberry cultivation. [Short-day processing] As shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b),
In Examples 1 and 2, the strawberries S were subjected to a short-day treatment by covering the entire ridges 7 with the sheet 10 made of aluminum and polyester capable of completely blocking sunlight. When the sheet 10 is expanded, the sheet 1
Approximately 4 on the ridge 7 so that 0 does not touch the plant directly
Support frames 9 for supporting the sheet 10 at a position of 0 cm were arranged in various places in the house H.

Complete shading by sheet 10 (short day treatment)
Went from June 25th to September 7th for about 70 days. Then, in order to set the day length to 9 hours, the sheet 10 was stretched for 15 hours from 5 pm to 8 am. In addition, in order to surely obtain the effect of short-day treatment, the sheet 1 is covered at the time of coating.
Care was taken so that the inside of 0 was dark.

Further, ventilation ducts (not shown) were laid in parallel between the ridges 7 in order to suppress an increase in humidity in the sheet 10 during coating. Then, by blowing out air of low humidity from the ventilation duct, the stuffiness of the plants was prevented. [Test zone for comparison] In addition, a zone where cold water treatment is performed in the summer and short day treatment is not performed (cold water zone), and a zone where neither cold water treatment nor short day treatment is performed (untreated zone) are set, These were designated as Comparative Examples 1 and 2 with respect to Examples 1 and 2, respectively. Further, regarding the type of fertilizer, the applied amount, the applied method, and the like, both districts are in accordance with ordinary house strawberry cultivation, as in Examples 1 and 2 above.

Further, Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
To compare the yield when cultivated according to the method of
Cultivation using conventional cropping patterns was also performed at the same time. That is, the pot forcing cultivation plot was set as Comparative Example 3, and the early-advancing forcing cultivation plot was set as Comparative Example 4.
And The former refers to a cropping type in which seedlings collected in mid-June are planted from early September to mid-September and then fruits are harvested from late November to spring of the following year. For the latter, seedlings collected in early June are cooled overnight through August and planted in early September.
It is a type of crop that harvests fruits from early January to spring of the following year. [Survey Result] Regarding the strawberry S of each ward, the ground temperature and the temperature (° C.) around the crown of the strawberry S, the bud situation,
Monthly yield (kg / 10a) and seasonal yield (kg / 1)
0a) were each investigated. The results of the various investigations are shown in Tables 1 to 4 below. Regarding Comparative Examples 3 and 4, only the investigations of and were conducted.

[0033]

[Table 1]

Table 1 shows the survey results on a clear day (August 10, maximum outside temperature 34.8 ° C, maximum temperature inside house H 37.0 ° C). According to this, in both Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 2, the ground temperature is kept low and constant regardless of morning and afternoon, and the temperature around the crown of the strawberry S is also kept low. understood. Further, it was observed that Example 2 in which the pipe 5 was buried in the soil had a temperature slightly lower than those of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2.

On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1 in which cold water treatment was not performed,
It was found that the soil temperature became higher by about 5 ° C than the others, and the temperature difference around the crown in particular became large.

[0036]

[Table 2]

Table 2 shows the number of bud bunches (individuals) and the number of bunches per plant (individuals / strains) from the end of June to the end of November. In addition, FIG. 2 is a bar graph showing changes in the number of bud clusters by month during the period.

As is clear from Table 2 and the bar graph, the number of bud bunches in both Examples 1 and 2 was much higher than that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2. On the other hand, the number of bud bunches in each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is not so large, that is, in Comparative Example 1, about 70% of those in Examples 1 and 2, and in Comparative Example 2, each of Examples 1 and 2 described above. It was only about 40% of 2.

When the results are viewed by month, both Example 1 and
In No. 2, the buds were not interrupted throughout the survey period, and in particular, the number of bud clusters by month in Example 2 was smaller than that in Example 1. However, in each of Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it was found that the buds were completely cut off during August to October.

Furthermore, the number of bud bud clusters per strain in Examples 1 and 2 was as high as 6.2 pcs / strain, and it was clarified that approximately 1 bud bud bud was obtained when calculated monthly. On the other hand, Comparative Example 1
In Comparative Example 2, the number of bud bunches per strain was 4.
The number was 3 pieces / strain and 2.6 pieces / strain, which were smaller than the numbers in Examples 1 and 2 above.

[0041]

[Table 3]

[0042]

[Table 4]

As is clear from Tables 3 and 4 and the bar graphs of FIG. 4, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it was not possible to secure a stable yield throughout the cultivation period, and the total yield was inferior to the conventional cropping type. Met. Especially, this is about 4 from September to December.
This was due to a drastic drop in fruit yield or inability to harvest for months.

On the other hand, in Examples 1 and 2, the survey results were obtained that fruit can be harvested throughout the entire cultivation period.
The total yield is 8064.6 kg / 10a, 748.
2.1 kg / 10a, which is the same as the conventional production type (Comparative Example 3:58
40.3 kg / 10a, Comparative Example 4: 6244.8 kg / 10a). Further, as is clear from Table 4 showing the yields by season, it was found that a yield of 1000 kg / 10a or more can be stably secured at any time during the cultivation period.

As is clear from the bar graph showing the yield of fruits according to grade in FIG. 3, in both Examples 1 and 2, the ratio of large fruits is higher than that in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, which is a preferable tendency. Was recognized. By the way, this is the result of an investigation on fruits harvested in the relatively early period of cultivation, that is, in the summer and autumn season (July to November).

When the above survey results are combined, both Examples 1 and 2 are superior to Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in all respects. From this, the cultivation method of the present invention is extremely effective. It turns out to be a thing. Further, such a result means that according to the cultivation method of the present invention, it becomes possible for the cultivating farmer to cultivate strawberries throughout the year so as to be profitable. The reason why the above-mentioned preferable results are obtained is presumed to be that the buds are not interrupted throughout the cultivation period.

In addition, according to this cultivation method capable of harvesting large-sized fruits year-round, a reliable increase in yield can be expected, which is different from the conventional method that relies on poor quality imported products.
Only excellent domestic products are expected to meet domestic demand.

Further, an advantage of this cultivation method is that high quality strawberries can be harvested in the warm and warm regions in summer and autumn. That is, it is possible to place a production area in the suburbs of the consumption area, and as a result, it is possible to reduce the transportation cost and the damage generation rate. Thus, it is considered that the present invention can bring great economic value.

In addition, according to this cultivating method, as shown in Table 4 above, a certain amount of harvest can be always secured regardless of the season, and the appropriate period of work such as planting is wider than before. Required labor becomes relatively uniform. Therefore, when considering individual strawberry farmers, it is possible to secure an employer at all times. As a result, it becomes easier to increase the number of employees as compared with the conventional one, and it is possible to expand the management scale and improve work efficiency. According to this cultivation method, unlike the conventional cultivation method in which the suitable period for planting was about one month (only in September), the suitable period for planting was from June to
It will be four months until September.

In particular, according to the cultivation method of Example 1, there is an advantage that each pipe 5 used in the ground temperature control system 1 does not necessarily have to be embedded in the ridge 7. Therefore, not only the pipe 5 can be easily installed, but also repair work when the pipe 5 is damaged after installation and position adjustment between the pipes 5 are easy. Moreover, since it is not buried deep in the ridges 7, the possibility of inhibiting the development of the root system is extremely small. Moreover, considering the fact that the yield was slightly higher than that in Example 2 as shown in FIG. 4 and the like, Example 1 is considered to be more preferable.

The present invention is not limited to the first and second embodiments described above, but can be modified as follows. For example, (a) it is preferable that the air circulating in the sheet 10 during the short-day treatment is cooled to some extent by the heat pump 2 or the like. The reason for this is to make the fruits larger and improve the taste.

(B) The present invention can also be applied to hydroponic cultivation in a house H. In this case, a method is conceivable in which the culture solution itself or the plant support is cooled to the above-mentioned temperature range and the plant is subjected to a short day treatment.

(C) The cultivation method of the present invention can be applied not only to strawberries for one season but also for cultivation of strawberries for four seasons such as everberry and summer berry.

(D) According to the cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to grow strawberries of the same seedling plant in the same field for many years. As a result of such cultivation being possible, the following advantages occur. In other words, it is not necessary to grow seedlings, which consumes one-third of the working hours in the current cropping style every year. Also, the number of seedlings raised per year is reduced. Furthermore, even if the seedlings are purchased, there is no need to purchase them every year, and as a result, the price required to purchase the seedlings is reduced.

Also, according to this cultivation method, unlike the conventional cultivation method, it is not necessary to carry out seedling raising work / planting work etc. every year, so that there is an advantage that a lot of cost and time can be saved.

(E) In a region where cold water can be easily obtained in summer and autumn, the cold water can be used as a heat medium. Similarly, in an area where hot water can be easily obtained in winter and spring, the hot water can be used as a heat medium.

In this case, if the temperature and amount of the obtained cold water or hot water are sufficient as the heat medium, it is possible to construct a system without the heat pump 2. For example, well water whose temperature does not fluctuate year by year can be satisfied as the heat medium.

[0058]

As described in detail above, according to the strawberry cultivation method of the present invention, it is possible to cultivate high quality strawberries throughout the year and to increase the yield to a satisfactory level throughout the year. It has an excellent effect.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A is a schematic view showing a house H in which a ground temperature control system 1 of Example 1 is arranged, and FIG. 1B is a schematic sectional view taken along the line AA.

FIG. 2 is a bar graph showing a bud situation.

FIG. 3 is a bar graph showing the yield of fruits by grade.

FIG. 4 is a bar graph showing monthly yields of fruits.

[Explanation of symbols]

 H House, S Strawberry, 10 (completely shaded) sheet.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Hirofumi Kato 1 729 Matatamaru Gifu City, Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Research Center (72) Yutaka Haga 1 729 Matatamaru Gifu City Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Research Center (72) Inventor Koshikawa Kaneyuki 1 729 Matamamaru Gifu City Gifu Prefectural Agricultural Research Center

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A strawberry (S) cultivation method for controlling the soil temperature of a strawberry (S) cultivated in a house (H) in the vicinity of a planting part, the soil temperature being 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. during a high temperature period.
The method for cultivating strawberries, characterized in that the strawberry (S) is maintained at 13 ° C. to 18 ° C. during a low temperature period and is subjected to a short day treatment during a high temperature long day period. 2. The short-day treatment is a complete light-shielding sheet (10).
The strawberry cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein the strawberry (S) is coated with the whole of the strawberry, and the inside of the sheet (10) is ventilated while the strawberry is shielded from light.