JP6733943B1 - Asparagus cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optimum asparagus cultivation method that contributes to the harvest of disease-free agricultural products without being affected by recent temperature fluctuations and environmental changes, and specifically, to The purpose of the present invention is to solve the following two problems in order to improve the yield. The first is to shorten the dormancy period and accelerate the harvest of spring buds by actively applying low temperature in the fall and winter, and secondly, to adjust the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse during summer to an appropriate environment. It is to improve and increase the yield of summer buds. According to the present invention, in asparagus semi-forced cultivation, air is blown from a blower installed diagonally below the above-ground stalk community toward the center of the above-ground stalk community and the center of the ridges, and installed at the above-ground stalk group drop position. Provided is an asparagus cultivation method characterized by maintaining the soil temperature and the temperature and humidity inside the community appropriate for growth by watering the entire ridge from the mist device. [Selection diagram] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating asparagus. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for cultivating asparagus that can improve the yield of asparagus by the temperature and humidity environment improving technique in the semi-forced cultivation method.

The impact of recent abnormal weather on agricultural crops is extremely serious. In particular, extreme changes in sunshine hours, rainfall, and temperature and humidity are fatal to plant growth.
According to the data released by the Japan Meteorological Agency, it is clear that the hot and humid conditions will continue in the future, and it can be said that the recent abnormalities have become normal, and the effects on agricultural crops are immeasurable. Not only bad crops caused by disasters, but also serious problems in agricultural management due to diseases caused by environmental changes. Due to poor ventilation and high temperature and humidity, the activities of pathogenic bacteria are generally activated, and damage such as infection and death tends to spread. Among the agricultural crops, since the damage of single-year vegetables is injured in the next year and thereafter, maintenance of the harvest cycle has become an urgent issue. Asparagus is also one of the lodging vegetables, and is a vegetable species for which it is awaited to maintain the normal harvest cycle and to provide techniques for improving the harvest.

Asparagus is the fourth largest vegetable production value in Saga Prefecture and is one of the important items supporting horticultural agriculture in this prefecture, but the production amount is decreasing due to the recent global warming. In the future, in order to sustainably develop the production area, it is necessary to provide technology for a cultivation environment that can adapt to climate change and improve yields.
In addition, although the growth pattern of asparagus changes depending on the cropping pattern, which affects harvesting as well, in open-field ordinary cultivation, it prefers the sun and can grow at temperatures of about 15 to 20°C. When the temperature rises above 30°C, the growth slows down, and when the temperature falls below 5°C, it sleeps. On the other hand, asparagus prefers high humidity in terms of growth. If the temperature exceeds 30° C. during the harvesting period, the relative humidity decreases, and the high temperature and low humidity promote leaf burns, wasting of strains, occurrence of diseases, etc., and normal growth and harvest cannot be expected. In the current cultivation, it is the current situation to assemble the optimum cultivation conditions according to the land pattern and cropping pattern based on these growth characteristics.However, as mentioned above, especially in an abnormal environment of high temperature and low humidity, Optimal maintenance of humidity is important to ensure a stable harvest cycle.

Regarding the cultivation of asparagus, improvements have been made from various viewpoints in the past, and examples thereof include the techniques of Patent Documents 1 to 6. All of these have some effects to some extent, but they still have many problems, especially under abnormal weather due to recent global warming, but not as an issue of providing optimal technology for improving the cultivation environment. Area. Below is a brief overview.

Patent Document 1 discloses a method of applying methionine as one of the fertilizer components for stabilizing the yield in the cultivation of asparagus, but it is difficult to manage the amount of methionine applied and the soil management after application. ..

Patent Document 2 discloses a method for cultivating asparagus multi-force and a multi-film for asparagus cultivating, which has a long-lasting effect of fertilizer, can be grown in large stock in a short period of time, and enables early harvesting. However, the individual work steps are complicated and the technology is limited. Moreover, since the management burden is heavy, it is not versatile and is not suitable as a large-scale cultivation method.

Patent Document 3 discloses an improved technique of Patent Document 2. That is, in the practical application of Patent Document 2, if a hole for additional fertilization is opened from the time of film spreading, weeds grow from the additional fertilizer hole during initial growth of the growing crop, which is harmful to the growth of the growing crop. However, the film was devised from the viewpoint of weed control and elimination of herbicide treatment, but the problem of Patent Document 2 pointed out by the applicant still remains.

Patent Document 4 discloses a method for cultivating asparagus capable of efficiently cultivating and harvesting asparagus in a shortened cultivation period regardless of the four seasons, and a technique for providing root stocks used for cultivation. ing.
Specifically, in the method of cultivating asparagus, seedlings of asparagus seeded and finished raising seedlings were planted and grown in culture soil in a groove surrounded by a sheet of a water-permeable nonwoven fabric provided in the medium, and developed. The root stock is dug up along with the sheet and kept cool to be in a dormant state, and then the cold kept root stock is germinated and harvested. The roots and root hairs of the roots are cut off when the grown roots are wrapped in a sheet of the water-permeable nonwoven fabric together with the culture soil and peeled from the soil while being wrapped in the sheet. This is kept cold and the root stock is forcibly placed in a dormant state. The asparagus is harvested by keeping the roots warm and sprouting as appropriate.
However, due to the complexity of the process management, the work burden of each year is large, and the problem of temperature and humidity management in soil under the recent abnormal weather cannot be solved.

Patent Document 5 is an epoch-making technology for solving the inconvenience that the growth environment in the medium becomes worse as the strain grows and more crops can be produced, and it becomes difficult for the fertilizer to be effective and effective. However, it does not improve the cultivation technique from the viewpoint of temperature and humidity control, and has not yet solved the problem of changes in the cultivation environment.

Patent Document 6 discloses a hydroponic cultivation technique. Asparagus releases a large amount of a substance that inhibits growth of crops called an allelopathic substance, and in soil where asparagus is grown, the allelopathic substance concentration increases as the cultivation period becomes longer. Therefore, it is very difficult to cultivate asparagus for a long period of time and to continue harvesting at an actual site, and it has been required to establish a technique for continuously cultivating the same strain as long as possible. Patent Document 6 has been found as a solution to this problem, but since asparagus has a high water resistance, it requires a lot of maintenance work.

As described above, in the cultivation of asparagus, no technology has been found that provides a simple and stable cultivation method that can adapt to environmental changes and environmental improvements that are closely related to the most basic outdoor cultivation and environmental measures.

JP-A-59-14726 JP, 2005-269903, A JP, 2006-42700, A JP, 2006-141264, A JP, 2011-87564, A JP, 2017-192348, A

The present invention solves the problem of semi-forced cultivation in a greenhouse in which open-field normal cultivation is protected from rain, among the asparagus cultivation patterns.

At present, there are the following two major problems in greenhouse cultivation in order to achieve stable and continuous yields throughout the year.
That is, firstly, there is a problem that "the dormancy period is long due to the recent global warming and the long cultivation period of the strain, and it takes a long time before the start of harvesting". From autumn to winter, asparagus stores assimilated nutrients in its storage roots and enters dormancy. Since a certain low temperature is required for translocation of assimilated nutrients and breaking of dormancy, it was not possible to shorten this period and accelerate the start of harvesting by the conventional cultivation method. In recent years, there have been cases in which spring bud yields have declined due to warm autumn and winter and insufficient encounters with low temperatures.

Second, there is the problem of "decrease in yield and quality due to high temperature and dryness in summer". In the summertime, the inside of the house during the daytime is often a hot and dry environment (the temperature is 40°C or higher and the humidity is 50% or lower). Young stems of asparagus have a slow elongation at 35° C. or higher, causing high-temperature disorders (burning leaves, wasting strains, diseases, etc.). In addition, under high temperature and drying conditions, the photosynthetic rate also decreases, leading to a decrease in yield. In order to solve these two problems, there is an urgent need for integrated optimum management of temperature and humidity that are mutually related and common.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an optimal asparagus cultivation method that contributes to the harvest of disease-free crops without being affected by recent temperature fluctuations and environmental changes. Specifically, it is intended to continuously improve the annual yield and to construct and provide a rational technique for each of the above two problems.
That is, the object of the present invention is to firstly apply a low temperature actively in the fall and winter to shorten the diapause period and to promote the harvest of spring buds. The purpose is to improve the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse during the summer to an appropriate environment and to increase the yield of summer buds.

The present inventor, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, has conducted diligent research, and by adapting to the recent abnormal weather by introducing a mechanism for raising the humidity in the house and lowering the temperature and the ground temperature by sprinkling and blowing air. The present inventors have completed the present invention by finding the optimal method for cultivating asparagus.

That is, according to the present invention, in asparagus semi-forced cultivation,
A sprinkling tube continuously installed as a mist device near the ridge 60 cm, and a duct connected to a blower,
While spraying water over the entire ridge from the mist device, from the blower device, under a mist spray, by a method for improving the annual yield of asparagus by blowing air toward the center of the above-ground stalk community and the center of the ridge. So, to achieve that purpose,
During the period from mid-October to December, by adopting the above-mentioned method, the soil temperature is lowered in the range of at least 1°C and also in the range of 0.5°C with respect to the rising temperature of the upper and lower layers of the community. By maintaining moisturization of the ridges, we aim to break down dormancy early in the autumn and winter and improve spring bud yield,
Furthermore, during the period from July to mid-October, the adoption of the above-mentioned method reduces the temperature in the range of 1-2°C and the soil temperature in the range of 0.5°C to the rising temperature of the upper and lower layers of the community. The asparagus is characterized by increasing the growth in summer and increasing the yield of summer buds by increasing the humidity of the ridges in the range of 10% with respect to the rising humidity of the upper and lower layers of the community while maintaining the humidification of the ridges. A method of cultivating gas is provided.

In the present invention, for sprinkling water, for example, it is optional to install a net in the vicinity of 60 cm above the ridge in parallel with the ridge and install a sprinkling tube as a mist device on the net.

On the other hand, similarly, in the present invention, for blowing air, for example , a net may be continuously installed in the vicinity of 60 cm above the ridge in parallel with the ridge, and a duct connected to a small blower may be arranged along the lower part of the net. is there.

In the present invention, the most effective form of water spraying and air blowing is to blow air under mist spraying while spraying water toward the ridges in the community . The present invention was developed based on an idea based on the characteristics of asparagus, and has two important points.

The first is that asparagus has a high plant height and its plant and ceiling are close to each other, so a sprinkler tube was installed under the community toward the ridges to prevent foliage from getting wet.
Secondly, since the photosynthetic community, the harvest, and the growth point (scaly bud) exist in different places, the temperature and soil temperature of the community and the ridge are controlled by blowing air in two directions, the community and the ridge. It was devised so that it could be lowered.

These two improvements are also the result of comprehensively solving the problems of the five similar technologies disclosed below.
That is, in the put-and-fan method, temperature unevenness occurs between the putt side and the fan side, installation in an existing house is difficult, and the equipment cost is high.

According to the fine mist air conditioner, asparagus has a high plant height and the plant is close to the ceiling.Therefore, a nozzle with a coarse particle size wets the plant, which increases the risk of illness. Expense becomes expensive.

If light is shielded from light, the lower temperature effect is less when the light-shielding rate is lower, while if the light-shielding rate is higher, the temperature-lowering effect is greater, but the light entering the canopy is reduced and the amount of photosynthesis in the canopy is reduced. Absent. Further, since the light reaching the ridge surface is reduced, there is a problem that the coloring of the young stems becomes poor and the green color becomes light. In terms of management, it is necessary to remove and attach each typhoon, and the desired effect of maintaining humidity cannot be expected.

According to roof sprinkling, it is necessary to install a non-woven fabric or the like on the roof in order to sprinkle water evenly, and the amount of light entering the community is reduced, resulting in the same problem as shading.

Since the circulating fan circulates the air in the house, the cooling effect is small compared to other techniques, and the humidity maintaining effect cannot be expected.
On the other hand, by adopting the above-mentioned means according to the present invention, proper maintenance of temperature and humidity in the house can be achieved without impairing photosynthesis.

According to the present invention, air is blown from the air blower installed in the oblique lower part of the above-ground stalk community toward the center part and the ridge center part of the above-ground stalk group, and water is sprayed over the entire ridge surface from the mist device installed in the above-ground stem group drop position. According to the method of the present invention, an asparagus semi-forced cultivation method is provided, which is characterized by maintaining an environment of soil temperature and community temperature/humidity appropriate for breaking down early dormancy in autumn and winter and improving growth in summer. Water temperature and soil temperature could be lowered by sprinkling water and blowing air. As a result, the dormancy period was shortened, the start of harvest was advanced, and the spring bud yield was increased. In summer, water temperature and soil temperature could be lowered and high daytime humidity could be maintained by sprinkling and blowing air, resulting in improvement of yield in July-September.
The method provides a cultivation environment that can be adapted to the recent abnormally high temperature and low humidity.

As described above, the present invention, in asparagus semi-forced cultivation, blows air from the air blower installed in the lower part of the above-ground stem community toward the center of the above-ground stem community and the center of the ridge, and the mist installed in the above-ground stem group drop position. It is intended to provide an asparagus cultivation method characterized by maintaining the soil temperature and the temperature and humidity inside the community appropriate for growth by watering the entire ridge from the device.

The mist device is not limited in its means as long as it can spray water over the entire ridge surface. For example, a net is installed in the vicinity of 60 cm above the ridge in parallel with the ridge, and a watering tube is installed on the net, so that the water spraying efficiency is good. The mist device may have a function of adjusting the amount of water sprayed from the water spray tube, the particle size, and the angle according to the area of the ridge surface.

Although there are no particular restrictions on the model of the blower, it is important to send the wind while circulating it while taking in the outside air.Therefore, it is preferable to have a function to adjust the air volume and direction for that purpose. For example, it is effective to install a net in the vicinity of 60 cm above the ridge in parallel with the ridge and to arrange a duct connected to a small blower along the lower part of the net. In this case, it is preferable that the duct be provided with a ventilation hole so as to be partially movable. Although taking seasonal influences into consideration as appropriate, it is effective to blow air under mist spraying while performing watering within the community once or twice per hour on average.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples.

<Test Example 1> Advance test for starting spring bud harvest (test purpose)
As described above, asparagus stores anabolic nutrients in its storage root at a constant low temperature and enters dormancy. Since a low temperature encounter for a certain period of time is required to break dormancy, the start of harvesting of perennial strains in the normal cropping pattern has been delayed until now, compared to the 1st grade strains. By ensuring a very low temperature, there is a possibility that the dormancy period can be shortened and the start of spring bud harvest can be advanced.
The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of lower temperature caused by water sprinkling and blast in autumn and winter on nutrient storage and spring bud yield during early incubation.

(Test method)
(1) Testing place: Asparagus A and B House in the Agricultural Research Center (2) Test varieties Welcome 2014 planted plant (5th grade)
(3) Cultivation outline (1) Planting style: ridge width 150 cm, plant spacing 30 cm, single-row planting
(2) Fertilization N 50 kg/10a
(3) Start of heat retention December 28, 2017 (4) Composition of test area 1) Test area treatment (Note 1)
2) Watering/Blowing area Watering by tube type mist,
Blow by poly duct (φ13cm) (Note 2)
3) Control area No treatment

(Note 1) Sprinkling water with a simple tube-type mist (Mist Ace 20),
Heat of vaporization by blowing air from a duct (φ13 cm) connected to a small blower
Cooled.
(Note 2) The air was blown for 24 hours during the period from October 20, 2017 to December 19, 2017.

(5) Test scale: 1 ward, 9 strains, 3 repetitions, Number of stems: 3 strains/strain (6) Survey items: spring bud yield, stored root sugar content, greenhouse environment (temperature, soil temperature)

(Summary of results)
(1) The daily maximum temperature during the period from October 21st to November 20th in the watering/blower area is
The average of the upper layer of the community was 1.1°C and the average of the lower layer was 0.9°C lower than that of the control group (Fig. 4).
The average daily soil temperature is 0.6°C and 10 cm below the ground at a point 3 cm below the watering/blowing area.
The average was 0.5°C lower at the site (Fig. 5).
(2) Brix value of storage root at the end of November is
Sprinkling blast/early heat insulation zone = Sprinkling blast/normal heat insulation area> Customs/early heat insulation area>
It was highest in the order of customary and normal heat insulation.
The difference of the storage root Brix value between the sprinkler-blowing area and the customary area in the middle of December is:
The temperature was 0.9 degrees in the case of early heat retention and 0.8 degrees in the case of normal heat retention.
(3) The yield in January was 11.5 kg/a in the sprinkling/blowing area and 4.4 kg/a in the control area.
The sprinkling and blowing areas were slightly better.
In addition, the yield from January to March is 76.3 kg/a in the sprinkling/blowing area and in the control area.
It was 58.0 kg/a, and spring sprout yield increased due to water sprinkling and blowing in autumn (Fig. 6).

(Results and discussion)
As mentioned above, the water temperature and ground temperature in the community decreased due to water sprinkling and blowing in the autumn.
It was confirmed that the spring bud yield increased.
The yield improvement rate was 40% in terms of the conventional ratio (FIG. 6).
Pre-harvest evolution of perennial strains, which can be shipped from January with low domestic production and high unit price, can be expected to stabilize production and increase yields through the development of evolutionary technology.

<Test Example 2> Summer bud harvest improvement test (test purpose)
Asparagus has problems such as leaf burns and malformations due to the deterioration of the greenhouse environment in the summer, and it is considered possible to further increase revenue by improving the environment.
Therefore, the purpose of this test was to confirm the effect of improving the environment in the house in the summer by spraying water using a tube type mist and blowing air from a duct connected to a small blower.

(Test method)
(1) Test location: Agricultural test research center, in charge of vegetable cultivation research
Asparagus A and B House (2) Test variety Welcome 2014 Planted plant (3) Cultivation outline (1) Planting style 150m ridge width, 30cm between plants, 1 row planting
(2) Fertilization N 50 kg/10a
(4) Composition of test area 1) Test area treatment (Note 1)
2) Watering/Blowing area Watering by tube type mist,
Blow by poly duct (φ13cm) (Note 2)
3) Control area No treatment

(Note 1) Sprinkling water with a simple tube-type mist (Mist Ace 20),
Evaporative heat cooling by blowing air from a duct (φ13 cm) connected to a small blower
I rejected it.
(Note 2) Sprinkling is performed 8 times/day on sunny days from July 11th to October 20th, 2017.
The setting was 30 seconds/time.
Blasting is from 8:30 to 17:00 during the period from July 11th to October 20th, 2017.
The setting was 8.5 hours/day.

(5) Test scale: 1 ward 9 shares 3 repeats, number of stems: 3/strain (6) Survey items: (1) Yield survey, (2) Environmental survey House temperature, soil temperature, humidity

(Summary of results)
(1) By performing watering and blowing, the temperature inside the community during the day compared to the conventional area,
It remained low by 1-2°C (Fig. 7). Daytime soil temperatures were lower in the order of sprinkling/blowing, sprinkling, and customary areas in both 3 cm and 10 cm underground (Fig. 9 shows the results of comparison of combined effects of sprinkling and blowing).
In addition, the sprinkling kept the daytime humidity higher than in the conventional plot (Fig. 8 shows the results of comparison of the combined effect of sprinkling and blowing air). The CO2 concentration in the community is highest near the ventilation holes in the ventilation area, and 10 to 15 ppm in the surface area of the community about 100 cm away from the ventilation holes.
To some extent.
The CO2 concentration in the surface layer of the community was 5 to 10 ppm higher in the sprinkled and blown areas than in the conventional areas, but no significant difference was observed.
(2) The yield of commodities during the high temperature period from July to September is 173 kg/a in the sprinkling and blowing areas.
The sprinkling area was 157 kg/a and the customary area was 135 kg/a.

(Results and discussion)
As described above, by performing watering and blowing in the summer by the method of the present invention,
The temperature and soil temperature in the high temperature period decreased, the humidity in the daytime was kept high, and the yield in July to September was improved (Fig. 10).

Two issues in asparagus greenhouse cultivation An example of the in-house environment improvement technology in the present invention Key points of technological development in the present invention Practical effects of the present invention 1-1 (temperature fluctuation in autumn and winter) Practical effects of the present invention 1-2 (Ground temperature fluctuation in autumn and winter) Effect of Implementation of the Present Invention 1-3 (Yield of Spring Bud of the Next Year) Practical Effects of the Invention 2-1 (Summer Temperature Fluctuation) Implementation effect 2-2 of the present invention (humidity fluctuation in summer) Implementation Effect 2-3 of the Present Invention (Soil Temperature Fluctuation in Summer) Practical effects of the present invention 2-4 (summer bud yield)

1: Suction port of the blower in the example of equipment of the present invention 2: Blower duct of the blower in the example of equipment of the present invention 3: Mist device (sprinkling tube) in the example of equipment of the present invention

Claims (1)

In asparagus semi-forced cultivation,
A sprinkling tube continuously installed as a mist device near the ridge 60 cm, and a duct connected to a blower,
While spraying water over the entire ridge from the mist device, from the blower device, under a mist spray, by a method for improving the annual yield of asparagus by blowing air toward the center of the above-ground stalk community and the center of the ridge. So, to achieve that purpose,
During the period from mid-October to December, by adopting the above-mentioned method, the soil temperature is lowered in the range of at least 1°C and also in the range of 0.5°C with respect to the rising temperature of the upper and lower layers of the community. By maintaining moisturization of the ridges, we aim to break down dormancy early in the autumn and winter and improve spring bud yield,
Furthermore, during the period from July to mid-October, by adopting the above method, the temperature in the upper and lower layers of the community can be kept in the range of 1 to 2°C and the soil temperature in the range of 0.5°C. It is characterized by increasing the growth rate in the summer and improving the yield of summer buds by decreasing the humidity and maintaining the humidification of the ridge surface, while increasing it in the range of 10% with respect to the precipitating humidity of the upper and lower layers of the community. Asparagus cultivation method.