JPH05237409A - Grinding apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To efficiently pulverize polystyrene foam (foamed styrol) used as a packing material in large quantities by reduced power by subjecting the same to shear grinding. CONSTITUTION:First and second grinding rotary bodies 3,4 are parallelly arranged and a large number of grinding projections are fixed to both grinding rotaty bodies in predetermined arrangement. The diameter of the second grinding rotary body 4 is smaller than that of the first grinding rotary body 3 and, by rotating both of them in the same number of rotations, the second grinding rotary body is rotated at a peripheral speed lower than that of the first grinding rotary body. The respective grinding rotaty bodies 3,4 are respectively rotated in directions C, D. The lumps of the polystyrene foam charged from a charging port 1A are roughly ground by rough grinding rotary bodies 2A, 2B to reach a grinding passage. Herein, the lumps are subjected to shear grinding by the first grinding rotary body 3 while properly pressed by the grinding projections 5 of the second grinding rotary body 4.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crushing device, and in particular,
The present invention relates to an apparatus for shearing and crushing polystyrene foam (commonly known as Styrofoam), which is used in large quantities as a packaging material, into particles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Polystyrene foam is used in large quantities as a packaging material for home electric appliances and a container for transporting fresh fish. Its disposal is a problem. Therefore, a method of recycling the used polystyrene foam without discarding it as waste has been studied so far.

For example, a polystyrene foam is cut into a suitable lump, and then melted in an electric furnace into a foam shape and put into a mold to obtain a molded article such as a building material. Further, by crushing and collecting only those having a particle size of about 1 to 2 mm, it can be used as a mortar extender. As a method of crushing the polystyrene foam into particles for use as a mortar extender, etc., a crushing member in which a plate having a large number of thorn-like crushing tools is provided with a large number of holes of a certain size, and polystyrene is used from above. With the lump of foam being pressed, the lump is crushed into particles while moving this member. As a result, particles smaller than the size of the holes fall, and particles having a particle size of about 1 to 2 mm are selected and collected from there.
In addition to this, an apparatus for granulating by compressing and crushing a lumpy polystyrene foam at a low speed is commercially available.

[0004]

However, among the granulation of the used polystyrene foam by the conventional method,
In the method by compression crushing, the polystyrene foam is a highly elastic material, and since crushing requires a large amount of energy, considerable power is required, and the economy is poor. Further, there is a problem that a large noise is generated during crushing.

Further, in the method using the crushing member, the upper limit of the size of the particles obtained by the size of the holes can be set, but the lower limit cannot be set, and it takes time and effort to sort later. The present invention is to solve such a problem, by efficiently crushing the polystyrene foam by shear crushing instead of compression crushing, with a small amount of power, and the size of the particles generated by crushing. The purpose is to easily control.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is to install a first crushing rotary member and a second crushing rotary member in a housing having an input port so that they are mounted side by side. By forming a crushing passage between the two peripheral surfaces, the first and second crushing rotating body has a large number of crushing protrusions on each peripheral surface,
The first and second crushing rotary bodies are provided so that they can rotate at mutually different peripheral speeds and the crushing projections can pass through the crushing passage in the same direction, and both the crushing rotary bodies are connected to a motor. A crushing device is provided.

It is preferable that the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are cylindrical columns. In this case, it is preferable that the diameter of the cylindrical body is different between the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body. When the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are cylindrical bodies, the arrangement of the crushing protrusions on the circumferential surface of each cylindrical body is:
It is preferable that it is along a spiral that moves in the axial direction of the cylindrical body and a straight line that is inclined at a constant angle with respect to the axial direction, and that the spiral direction and the straight line direction have equal intervals.

Further, it is preferable if the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are surrounded by a perforated plate having a large number of holes of a predetermined size along the outer circumference of each crushing rotary body. Is.

[0009]

The lump of the crushed object introduced into the present apparatus goes to the crushing passage while contacting the crushing protrusions on the peripheral surface of each crushing rotary member.
Here, if this mass is a highly elastic body such as polystyrene foam, among the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body,
The crushing protrusions of the crushing rotating body rotating at a relatively low peripheral speed moderately press the vicinity of the surface of this lump, while the crushing protrusions of the crushing rotating body rotating at a high peripheral speed scrape off the vicinity of the opposite surface of this lump. .. In this way, the mass moves in the crushing passage while scraping the surface. As a result, this lump is sheared and crushed into particles.

If the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are cylindrical bodies, and the diameter of the cylindrical body is different between the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body. Since both crushing rotary bodies can be rotated at the same number of revolutions to obtain mutually different peripheral velocities, the difference in peripheral velocities can be easily set. The first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are cylindrical bodies, and the crushing projections are spirally arranged on the circumferential surface of each of the cylindrical bodies, and in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical bodies, If the crushing protrusions are arranged along a straight line inclined at a constant angle with respect to the rotation axis direction, and the crushing protrusions are arranged at equal intervals along the spiral and the straight line, they are crushed by this device. The particles have a particle size according to the interval between the crushing protrusions and the inclination of the spiral.

On the other hand, if a perforated plate having a large number of holes of a predetermined size is used to enclose the portions immediately below the first crushing rotor and the second crushing rotor along the outer circumference of each crushing rotor, Depending on the size of the holes in the perforated plate, particles that are not sufficiently crushed will fall onto the perforated plate without falling. Then, the particles on the perforated plate are caught by the crushing projections of each columnar body, and are sent to the crushing passage again by the rotation of the columnar body, sheared and crushed in the same manner as described above, and fall below the holes of the perforated plate. This allows
Particles with a controlled particle size are obtained below the perforated plate.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a crushing device of this embodiment, and a front panel 11 and a side panel 1 of a housing 1 of this device.
2 corresponds to a perspective view in a state in which a part is broken. In this example, below the charging port 1A formed in the upper part of the apparatus, the coarsely crushing rotating bodies 2A and 2B in which the blade 22 for coarsely crushing is attached to the peripheral surface of the roller-shaped shaft body 21 form a pair. Two of them are installed in parallel. The blade 22 is made of a thick stainless steel plate having a width slightly smaller than the diameter of the shaft body 21 and has a cutting edge formed at its tip. And this blade 22
Three pieces of the shaft body 21 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and are welded to the peripheral surface in a state where the cutting edge is projected. In a similar arrangement, a set of three blades 22 is welded to the shaft 21 at a plurality of positions in the lengthwise direction.

Each of the crushing rotary bodies 2A and 2B has a predetermined inside of the apparatus by attaching both ends 23 of the shaft body 21 to the front panel 11 of the housing 1 and the rear panel facing the front panel 11 through bearings. It is located in a position. One end portion 23 of each shaft body 21 is connected to a motor by a known means, and by driving this motor, the crushing rotors 2A, 2
B in the directions of arrows A and B in FIG.
Rotate at a speed of about 0 rpm. Each crushing rotor 2A,
2B are arranged at positions close to each other so that the blades 22 do not contact each other during this rotation.

Below the coarsely crushing rotor 2, a first crushing rotor 3 and a second crushing rotor 4 are provided in parallel. In this example, two rollers having different diameters were used as the first and second crushing rotating bodies, the one having the larger diameter was the first crushing roller 3, and the one having the smaller diameter was the second crushing roller 4. Therefore, if both the crushing rollers 3 and 4 are rotated at the same number of rotations, the first crushing roller 3 is changed to the second crushing roller 4
It has a peripheral speed that is faster in proportion to the diameter.

Depending on the kind of the material to be crushed and the like, in order to efficiently crush the polystyrene foam, both crushing rollers 3,
The peripheral speeds of Nos. 4 and 1000 are both 1000 m / min or more, and the peripheral speed of the crushing roller 3 rotated relatively fast is preferably about 1500 m / min. The difference in peripheral speed between the crushing rollers 3 and 4 is preferably 25 cm per 1 m. On the peripheral surface of each of the crushing rollers 3 and 4, crushing projections 5 made of stainless steel and formed in the shape of a shaft of a nail are arranged and fixed with their tips facing outward. This arrangement and fixing can be performed by, for example, opening holes 5a corresponding to the diameter of the crushing projections 5 on the peripheral surface of the crushing roller in a predetermined arrangement, inserting the crushing projections 5 into each hole 5a, and welding from the outside. Be seen.

Crushing protrusions 5 on the peripheral surfaces of the crushing rollers 3 and 4
FIG. 2 shows an example of the above arrangement. This figure is a partial development view of the peripheral surface of the crushing roller, where the alternate long and short dash line E indicates the axial direction of the crushing roller, and F indicates the direction corresponding to the circumferential direction. That is, the straight lines G1 to G5 representing the arrangement of the crushing protrusions 5 (holes 5a in the figure) in the circumferential direction.
Is inclined with respect to F by a constant angle θ ₁ . Then, when it comes to the peripheral surface of the crushing roller, since J ₁ and K ₃ , J ₂ and K ₄ , and J ₃ and K ₅ are at the same position, respectively, a straight line G
A spiral connected in the order of 1, G3, G5, and a straight line G2, G
A spiral connected in order of 4 is formed on the peripheral surface.

The straight line H represents the arrangement of the crushing projections 5 in the lengthwise direction of the crushing roller, and E indicates the direction of the rotation axis.
Is inclined by a constant angle θ ₂ . Further, the arrangement interval of the crushing projections 5 is a constant value L along each spiral.
1, the value is a constant value L2 along the straight line H. on the other hand,
The first crushing roller 3 and the second crushing roller 4 are
Both ends of each of the rotary shafts 31 and 41 are attached to predetermined positions of the front panel 11 and the rear panel via bearings, so that they are arranged at predetermined positions in the apparatus. Then, as shown in FIG. 3, a crushing passage 6 is formed between the peripheral surfaces of the crushing rollers 3 and 4 so that the crushed object moves while being crushed. The crushing passage 6 is provided with the two coarse crushing rolls 2
The starting point differs depending on the size of the object to be crushed after being roughly crushed by A and 2B. That is, the crushing is started when the crushed object after the crushing comes into contact with the crushing protrusions 5 of the crushing rollers 3 and 4.

Here, the crushing rollers 3 and 4 are arranged so as to be close to each other so that a slight gap is opened between the tips of the crushing projections 5. As a result, the crushing projections 5 of the crushing rollers 3 and 4 do not contact each other during rotation. One end of each rotary shaft 31, 41 is connected to a separate motor by a known means, and each crushing roller 3, 4 is rotated in the C and D directions by driving each motor.
That is, the crushing rollers 3 and 4 rotate in the same direction with the crushing passage 6 interposed therebetween.

Immediately below the first crushing roller 3 and the second crushing roller 4 as described above, a thin plate having a length corresponding to the depth dimension inside the apparatus is provided with a large number of circular holes 7A having the same dimension. The crushing rollers 3 and 4 are surrounded by a perforated plate 7 formed of the above. The perforated plate 7 has an arc 7a which is larger than a circle having a radius of the radius of the first crushing roller 3 plus the length of the crushing protrusions 5 by one (about 2 to 5 mm).
Is formed so as to form a circular arc 7b in the second crushing roller 4. The inclined plates 7c are continuous on both sides of the perforated plate 7, and each inclined plate 7c extends obliquely upward to reach the side panel, and serves to direct the crushed object toward the crushing protrusions 5 of the crushing rollers 3 and 4. Fulfill

In this example, a screw conveyor 9 is arranged in the lower portion of the apparatus in the depth direction, and the mechanism is such that the crushed particles are placed on the screw conveyor 9 and sent to the outside of the apparatus. And the pipe 10 for conveyance corresponding to the diameter of the screw conveyor 9 is extended forward from the front panel. Also,
Below the perforated plate 7, slide plates 8 which are inclined from both side panels toward the screw conveyor 9 in the same manner as the inclined plate 7c are arranged.

When a lump of the crushed material which has been appropriately sized in advance is put into the apparatus through the charging port 1, this lump is roughly crushed by the tip of the blade 22 by the rotation of the crushing rotating bodies 2A and 2B. It The roughly crushed lump goes to the crushing passage 6 while contacting the crushing protrusions 5 on the peripheral surfaces of the first crushing roller 3 and the second crushing roller 4. Here, the crushing protrusions 5 on the peripheral surface of the second crushing roller 4 rotating at a relatively low peripheral speed moderately press the vicinity of the surface of this lump, and the crushing of the second crushing roller 3 rotating at a high peripheral speed. The protrusion 5 scrapes away the surface near the opposite side of this mass. In this way, the lump moves in the crushing passage 6 while scraping the surface little by little. As a result, the lumps are sheared and crushed into particles, which fall from the holes of the perforated plate 7 and are carried by the screw conveyor 9 to the outside.

Particles which are not sufficiently crushed do not fall from the holes of the perforated plate 7 and remain on the perforated plate.
4 is sent to the crushing passage 6 again by the rotation of the crushing rollers 3 and 4 after being caught by the crushing protrusion 5 of the crushing roller 4, and crushed by shearing in the same manner as described above. It drops toward 9. Here, if the crushing projections 5 are arranged on the peripheral surfaces of the crushing rollers 3 and 4 as shown in FIG. 2, the particles crushed by this device generate the gaps L1 and L2 between the crushing projections 5 and the spirals. The particle size is according to the inclination θ ₁ of.

For example, if the diameter of the first crushing roller 3 is 11
0 mm, the diameter of the second crushing roller 4 is 80 mm, and the arrangement of the crushing protrusions 5 is L1 = L2 = 25 mm in FIG.
With θ ₁ = θ ₂ = 10 °, the circular hole of the perforated plate 7 has a diameter of 15 m.
m and the distance between the holes (distance from center to center) is 20 mm, both crushing rollers 3 and 4 have the same rotation speed (2900 rp).
When the used polystyrene foam was crushed by rotating in m), the particle size was 3 to 3 on the screw conveyor 9.
Particles of polystyrene foam controlled to 5 mm were obtained. The crushing protrusion 5 used at this time has a diameter of 5 mm and a length of 2
It was 5 mm. The distance L between the crushing protrusions 5
It is expected that finer grain sizes will be obtained by reducing 1, L2 and the inclination θ ₁ of the spiral.

As described above, in this apparatus, the polystyrene foam lumps are easily sheared and crushed, and the polystyrene foam particles having a uniform particle size can be obtained by arranging the crushing projections 5 and installing the perforated plate 7. it can. When the transfer pipe 10 is connected to the combustion furnace and the polystyrene foam is crushed and burned continuously, the amount of the polystyrene foam fed into the combustion furnace can be easily controlled.

On the other hand, the first crushing rotating body 3 in the present invention
And the second crushing rotary body 4 is the crushing rollers 3, 4 described above.
However, it is not limited to the columnar body as described above, and includes, for example, the one shown in FIG. That is, as the first crushing rotary body 3 and the second crushing rotary body 4, the end pulley members 32, 4 arranged facing each other and having different diameters.
The wide endless belt carried by 2 is used, and the crushing projections 5 are provided outside the wide endless belt. In this case, the tension pulley 3 for giving tension to the belt
3, 43 and backup rollers 34, 44 for maintaining the shape of both wide endless belts in the crushing passage 6. In this case, since the crushing passage 6 can be long, sufficient crushing of the crushed object can be expected. In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 4, it is also possible to make the upper part of the crushing rotating body which opposes wider than the lower part, and use it as the inlet for drawing.

[0026]

As described above, according to the present invention, the first crushing rotor and the second crushing rotor that rotate at mutually different peripheral speeds rotate at relatively low peripheral speeds. The crushing protrusions of the crushing rotary body rotate at a high peripheral speed while the crushing protrusions of the crushing rotor moderately press the vicinity of the surface of the crushed crushed substance. Shred and granulate. As a result, the crushing of the polystyrene foam can be efficiently granulated with a small amount of power.

The first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are cylindrical bodies, and the diameter of the cylindrical body is different between the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body. For example, since both crushing rotating bodies can be rotated at the same number of rotations to obtain mutually different peripheral velocities, the difference in peripheral velocities can be easily set. Further, the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are cylindrical bodies, and the arrangement of the crushing projections on the peripheral surface of each cylindrical body is such that the spiral moving in the axial direction of the cylindrical body and the axial direction. And along a straight line inclined at a constant angle, and further at equal intervals in the spiral direction and the straight line direction, the object to be crushed, particles according to the interval of each crushing projection and the inclination of the spiral. Can be crushed to diameter.

On the other hand, if a perforated plate having a large number of holes of a predetermined size is provided to surround the first crushing rotor and the second crushing rotor directly along the outer periphery of each crushing rotor, Particles having a controlled particle size can be obtained below the porous plate.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a development view of a crushing roller showing an array of crushing protrusions in this embodiment.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a crushing passage in this embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 First crushing rotary body 4 Second crushing rotary body 5 Crushing projection 6 Crushing passage 7 Perforated plate

Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display area // B29K 25:00 105: 04 105: 26

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A crushing passage is formed between both peripheral surfaces by axially mounting and arranging a first crushing rotary member and a second crushing rotary member in a housing having an input port, and the first and second crushing rotary members are provided. The second crushing rotating body has many crushing protrusions on each circumferential surface,
The first and second crushing rotary bodies are provided so that they can rotate at mutually different peripheral speeds and the crushing projections can pass through the crushing passage in the same direction, and both the crushing rotary bodies are connected to a motor. A crushing device. 2. The crushing device according to claim 1, wherein the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are cylindrical bodies. 3. The crushing device according to claim 2, wherein the first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body have different cylindrical diameters. 4. The crushing projections are arranged on the circumferential surface of each cylindrical body along a spiral moving in the axial direction of the cylindrical body and a straight line inclined at a constant angle with respect to the axial direction. The crushing device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the spiral direction and the straight line direction have equal intervals. 5. The first crushing rotary body and the second crushing rotary body are surrounded by a perforated plate provided with a large number of holes of a predetermined size along the outer periphery of each crushing rotary body immediately below. The crushing device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.