JP2862804B2 - Crushing and mixing method and its apparatus - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for crushing and mixing compost raw materials applied to a composting apparatus.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional composting apparatus of this kind is disclosed, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-27063 (a method and an apparatus for rapidly composting domestic waste). There is something. That is, a raw material is put into a box-type fermenter, and the raw material is subjected to aerobic fermentation to produce a compost. As a method of charging the raw material, a method of charging with a transport machine such as a shovel or a method of charging with a belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, or the like is adopted.

By the way, in a livestock waste composting apparatus,
Very few composts are made from one type of raw material.
It is common to produce from two or more raw materials. In addition, the compost raw materials have various properties that are different in moisture, particle size, component composition, and the like. Therefore, in order to produce high quality compost, it is necessary to uniformly disintegrate and mix the raw materials having different properties.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional crushing and mixing apparatus of a composting apparatus. As shown in this figure, a rotary crusher 53 includes a casing for accommodating a plurality of rotary blades 51 and a punching plate 52. The compost material (not shown) charged into the casing 50 from above is disintegrated and mixed by a rotating rotary blade 51, and the disintegrated and mixed compost material passes through a punching plate 52. And is discharged from below.

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of another conventional crushing and mixing apparatus. As shown in FIG.
Is provided with a casing 56 and a screw 55, and the compost raw material charged into the casing 56 from above is mixed and kneaded by the action of the rotating screw 55, and the mixing and kneading is performed.
The kneaded compost material is discharged from below.

[0006]

However, among the above-mentioned prior arts, the one shown in FIG. 8 is effective when the raw material of the compost is low in moisture and is not sticky, but uses the raw material of high moisture for the compost. In such a case, the compost material adheres to the inner surface of the casing, the punching plate, or the rotary blade, and as a result, there is a problem that the compost material is clogged or foreign matter is invaded, making continuous operation impossible. Also, because of the high output,
There is also a problem that the cost increases.

[0007] After the compost raw material is mixed, the raw material shown in FIG. 9 is liable to be clumped again due to the kneading action. As a result, it is thrown into the fermenter as a large chunk of raw material, so that it is crushed. However, there is a problem that the moisture accumulated inside the raw material does not escape and hinders the fermentation. Another problem is that the processing capacity is small and the output is high, so that the cost is increased.

[0008] The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and is capable of disintegrating bulk raw materials and mixing different types of raw materials to obtain a high-quality compost. It is an object of the present invention to provide a disintegrating and mixing method for a chemical conversion apparatus and an apparatus therefor.

[0009]

The crushing and mixing method of the present invention for achieving the above object is a method of crushing and mixing a plurality of types of compost raw materials conveyed by a raw material supply conveyor onto a shaft rotated by a rotary driving means. It is characterized in that it is dropped on the upper part of a plurality of rotary blades, disintegrated, and scattered in the rotational direction by the rotary blades to mix.

Preferably, the rotation speed of the shaft is detected by rotation detection means, and when the rotation speed falls below a set speed, the material supply conveyor and the rotation drive means are stopped.

The crushing and mixing apparatus according to the present invention comprises a raw material supply conveyor for transferring the compost raw material and a compost raw material which is disposed downstream of the raw material supply conveyor and falls from the raw material supply conveyor, by a rotary driving means. And a crushing and mixing means radially attached to the rotating shaft and crushing and mixing with a plurality of rotary blades.

In the longitudinal direction of the shaft of the crushing and mixing means, a plurality of rotary blades are mounted in a plurality of stages and radially, and at the end of the shaft, a rotating member for controlling the raw material supply conveyor and the rotation driving means is provided. Preferably, a detection means is provided.

In addition, a raw material discharge conveyor is provided below the crushing and mixing means, and a cover for covering the rear portion of the raw material supply conveyor and the crushing and mixing means is provided above the raw material discharge conveyor. Is preferred.

Preferably, the material supply conveyor is a belt conveyor or a screw conveyor.

[0015]

The present invention is configured as described above.
The plurality of types of compost raw materials transferred on the raw material supply conveyor are discharged to upper portions of a plurality of rotary blades provided below. The compost raw material hits the rotary blade and is crushed, and is scattered in the air by the rotary blade, and the different types of raw materials are mixed when scattered. This mixed compost material is supplied to a fermenter.

[0016]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. (First Embodiment) FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a main part of a first embodiment of a crushing and mixing apparatus for a composting apparatus according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG. FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of the crushing and mixing apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a first belt conveyor 9 as a raw material supply conveyor is for supplying different types of raw materials 14 and 15 to a crushing and mixing means 40 described later. The first belt conveyor 9 is a known one, and includes a plurality of belt wheels 10 (other belt wheels are not shown), a belt 12 wound around the plurality of belt wheels 10, a tension adjusting roller 22, And a first belt conveyor drive motor 29 (see FIG. 3) for driving the belt wheel 10 to rotate the belt 12 as shown by the arrow C. The high-moisture compost raw material 14 as a compost raw material is a muddy / dango-shaped feces storage, etc.
Are low-moisture broiler droppings, firgrass, sawdust, etc., and some of them include lumps. On the upstream side of the first belt conveyor 9, a plurality of hoppers (not shown) for accommodating the above-described different types of raw materials 14 and 15 are provided. The different types of raw materials 14 and 15 supplied from the plurality of hoppers (not shown) fall onto the first belt conveyor 9.

The second belt conveyor 17 as a raw material discharge conveyor is arranged such that the front portion thereof is located below the rear portion of the first belt conveyor 9.
Reference numerals 4 and 15 are for transferring the mixed raw material 16 crushed and mixed by the crushing and mixing means 40 described later to a predetermined fermenter (not shown). The second belt conveyor 17 is also known, and includes a plurality of belt wheels 19 (other belt wheels are not shown), a belt 18 wound around the plurality of belt wheels 19, and a tension adjusting roller (not shown). Illustrated) and the belt wheel 19
The second belt conveyor drive motor 30 (see FIG. 3) for driving the belt wheel 19 to rotate it as shown by the arrow D
And so on.

A crushing / mixing means 40 having a plurality of rotary blades 1 radially attached to the shaft 4 is provided almost at the middle of the rear part of the first belt conveyor 9 and the front part of the second belt conveyor 19. Is provided.

Here, the detailed structure of the crushing and mixing means 40 will be described. One of the two machine frames 20 and 21 of the composting device is provided with an electric motor 7 as a rotation drive means via a bracket 24. The output shaft 8 of the electric motor 7 has a shaft 4 connected to a torque control coupling 23.
Are connected via The shaft 4 is mounted on the machine frames 20, 21.
Are rotatably supported by bearings 5 and 6, respectively. A plurality of fixed plates 2 are radially provided on the peripheral surface of the shaft 4 and are integrally provided in a plurality of stages in the longitudinal direction. The plurality of fixed plates 2 are provided with a plurality of rotary blades curved through mounting bolts 3. 1 are fixed, and the plurality of rotary blades 1 are exchangeable. The cover 13 is
For covering the rear portion of the belt conveyor 9 and the crushing / mixing means 40,
Is dropped on the second belt conveyor 17.
Above the belt conveyor 17. With this cover 13, it is possible to prevent the danger of the rotating blade 1 being touched by a hand or the like, and to prevent the raw material disintegrated by the rotating blade 1 from scattering. A lid 11 having a handle is rotatably supported by the cover 13. The lid 11 is opened when the crushing and mixing means 40 is maintained.

When the electric motor 7 is started, the rotary blades 1 are rotated integrally with the shaft 4 in the direction of arrow A. First
Types of raw materials 1 transferred on the belt conveyor 9
4 and 15 are discharged to the upper part of the plurality of rotary blades 1 provided below. The raw materials 14 and 15 strike the rotary blade 1 and are crushed, are scattered in the air by the rotary blade 1, and the different types of raw materials are mixed when scattered. In addition, a part of the scattered raw material collides with the iron plate of the lid 11, and is further pulverized by the impact to promote homogenization of the raw material (collision effect). The mixed plural kinds of mixed raw materials 16 fall onto a second belt conveyor 17 and are transferred to a fermenter (not shown) by the second belt conveyor 17. The plurality of rotary blades 1
Has a curved shape, it is possible to prevent the string-like object contained in the raw material 14 from winding around the rotary blade 1.

A rotation detecting plate 25 is attached to the other end surface of the shaft 4 by means such as bolts, and rotates with the shaft 4. The other machine casing 20 is provided with a rotation detection proximity switch 26 via a bracket. The rotation detection proximity switch 26 is configured such that when the shaft 4 rotates, its detection surface faces the rotation detection plate 25. , And that effect is detected. That is, each time the shaft 4 makes one rotation, it acts once, and the shaft 4
It acts intermittently when rotating.

Next, the control unit of the crushing and mixing apparatus will be described.

As shown in FIG. 3, three motor drive circuits 31, 32, and 33 drive the electric motor 7 and the first and second belt conveyor drive motors 29, 30, respectively. The control unit 27 includes three motor drive circuits 31, 3
By controlling the motors 2 and 33, the electric motor 7 and the first and second belt conveyor drive motors 29 and 30 are started and stopped. A start switch 28 is connected to the control unit 27. When the start switch 28 is turned on, the control unit 27
When the motor 7 and the first and second belt conveyor driving motors 29 and 30 are activated to output commands to the three motor driving circuits 31, 32 and 33, respectively, and the start switch 28 is turned off, the control unit 27 is activated. The three motor drive circuits 3 send commands to stop the electric motor 7 and the first and second belt conveyor drive motors 29 and 30, respectively.
1, 32 and 33 are output. In the control unit 27, a predetermined time interval for the normal operation of the rotation detection proximity switch 26 is set in advance, and the time interval for the rotation detection proximity switch 26 to operate is set to the set time. When the length becomes longer, the control unit 27 has a function of stopping the first belt conveyor 9 and the electric motor 7. That is, when any obstacle is caught in the rotary blade 1, or when the second belt conveyor 17 stops and the second
For example, when a large amount of the mixed raw material 16 accumulates on the belt conveyor 17, the load applied to the rotary blade 1 increases, and as a result, the rotation speed of the shaft 4 decreases. Then, the rotation detection proximity switch 26 operates, and the control unit 27 stops the electric motor 7 and the first belt conveyor driving motor 29. This prevents the mixed raw material 16 from being deposited on the second belt conveyor 17. Further, stones, iron pieces, and the like may be mixed in the raw material, and such foreign substances may be transferred to the present apparatus. When the foreign matter collides with or is caught by the rotary blade 1, the load torque applied to the electric motor 7 sharply increases. Therefore, the torque control coupling 23 is operated to protect the present device, so that a torque exceeding a certain value does not act on the electric motor 7.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the start switch 28 is turned on to drive the electric motor 7 and the driving motor 2 of the first belt conveyor 9 and the second belt conveyor 17.
9 and 30, and the continuous supply of a plurality of types of raw materials from a plurality of hoppers (not shown) is started. The plural kinds of raw materials 14 and 15 supplied and transferred onto the first belt conveyor 9 are discharged to the upper part of the plurality of rotary blades 1 provided below. The raw materials 14 and 15 strike the rotary blade 1 and are crushed, are scattered in the air by the rotary blade 1, and the different types of raw materials are mixed when scattered. That is, the high-moisture compost raw material 14 in the form of a dumpling is crushed and blown off by the rotary blade 1, and the low-moisture compost raw material 15 is blown off by the rotary blade. Scattered within the range of angles and mixed. Further, a part of the scattered raw material collides with the iron plate of the lid 11, and is further pulverized by the impact to promote homogenization of the raw material. The mixed raw materials 16 drop onto a lower second belt conveyor 17 and are transferred to a fermenter (not shown) by the second belt conveyor 17. When any obstacle is caught in the rotary blade 1, or when the second belt conveyor 17 stops and a large amount of mixed raw material 16 is deposited on the second belt conveyor 9, the mixed raw material deposited by the rotary blade 1 16
, Etc., the load applied to the rotary blade 1 increases,
As a result, the rotation speed of the shaft 4 decreases. Then, the rotation detection proximity switch 26 operates, and the control unit 27
Then, the first belt conveyor drive motor 29 is stopped. This prevents the mixed raw material 16 from being further deposited on the second belt conveyor 17. In addition, stones or iron pieces may be mixed in the raw materials 14 and 15,
Such foreign matter may be transferred to the apparatus. When the foreign matter collides with or is caught by the rotary blade 1, the load torque applied to the electric motor 7 sharply increases. Therefore, the torque control coupling 23 is used to protect the device.
Operates so that a torque equal to or greater than a certain value does not act on the electric motor 7. If you want to shut down the composting equipment,
The start switch 28 may be turned off. (Second Embodiment) FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of a main part of a second embodiment of the crushing and mixing apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of the crushing and mixing apparatus shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4, in this embodiment, the raw material discharge conveyor is not provided, and
Numeral 6a is deposited at a predetermined place, and the other configuration is almost the same as that of the first embodiment.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the start switch 28a is turned on to operate the electric motor 7a and the belt conveyor drive motor 29a, and a plurality of types of raw materials 14a, 15a are supplied from a plurality of hoppers (not shown). Start continuous feed. Plural kinds of raw materials 1 supplied and transferred on a belt conveyor 9a as a raw material supply conveyor
4a and 15a are discharged to the upper part of the plurality of rotary blades 1a provided below. The raw materials 14a and 15a strike the rotary blade 1a and are crushed, are scattered in the air by the rotary blade 1a, and are mixed when the different types of raw materials scatter. Further, a part of the scattered raw material collides with the iron plate of the lid 11a, and is further pulverized by the impact to promote homogenization of the raw material.
The mixed plural kinds of mixed raw materials 16a are deposited at a predetermined place. Then, the operator puts the deposited mixed material into a fermenter (not shown) using a shovel or the like. When an obstacle is caught in the rotary blade 1a, the load applied to the rotary blade 1a increases, and as a result, the rotation speed of the shaft 4a decreases. Then, the rotation detection proximity switch 26a operates,
The control unit 27a stops the electric motor 7a and the belt conveyor drive motor 29a. Also, the raw materials 14a, 15a
In some cases, stones, iron pieces, or the like may be mixed, and such foreign substances may be transferred to the present apparatus. When the foreign matter collides with or is caught by the rotary blade 1a, the load torque applied to the electric motor 7a sharply increases. Therefore, a torque control coupling (not shown) is operated for protection of the present apparatus, so that a torque exceeding a certain level does not act on the electric motor 7a. If you want to shut down the composting equipment,
The start switch 28a may be turned off. (Third Embodiment) FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of a main part of a third embodiment of the crushing and mixing apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a control block diagram of the crushing and mixing apparatus shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the present embodiment, a screw conveyor 34b as a raw material supply conveyor is arranged. This screw conveyor 34b is a casing 3
The screw conveyor 34b is provided with a screw 35b in the screw conveyor 6b, and the outlet of the screw conveyor 34b is located right above the plurality of rotary blades 1b. The screw 35b is driven to rotate by a screw conveyor drive motor 29b (see FIG. 7). The other configuration is almost the same as that of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the start switch 28b is turned on to operate the motor 7b, the screw conveyor 34b, and the drive motors 29b and 30b of the belt conveyor 17b as the material discharge conveyor, and a plurality of hoppers. (Not shown) more than one kind of raw material 14
The supply of b and 15b into the screw conveyor 34b is started. The raw materials 14b, 1 supplied into the casing 36b
5b is transferred by the action of the rotating screw 35b, and the transferred plural kinds of raw materials 14b and 15b are discharged to the upper part of the plurality of rotary blades 1b provided below.
The raw materials 14b and 15b strike the rotary blade 1b and are crushed, are scattered in the air by the rotary blade 1b, and are mixed when the different types of raw materials scatter. Further, a part of the scattered raw material collides with the iron plate of the lid 11b, and is further pulverized by the impact to promote homogenization of the raw material. The mixed raw materials 16b are dropped onto a belt conveyor 17b and transferred to a fermenter (not shown) by the belt conveyor 17b. When an obstacle is caught in the rotary blade 1b, or when the belt conveyor 17b stops and a large amount of the mixed material 16b accumulates on the belt conveyor 17b, and the rotary blade 1b touches the mixed material 16b that has been accumulated. In this case, the load applied to the rotary blade 1b increases, and as a result, the rotation speed of the shaft 4b decreases. Then, the rotation detection proximity switch 26
b operates, and the control unit 27b stops the electric motor 7b and the screw conveyor drive motor 30b. This prevents the mixed raw material 16b from being further deposited on the belt conveyor 17b. Also, the raw materials 14b, 15b
In some cases, stones, iron pieces, or the like may be mixed, and such foreign substances may be transferred to the present apparatus. When the foreign matter collides with or is caught by the rotary blade 1b, the load torque applied to the electric motor 7b sharply increases. Therefore, a torque control coupling (not shown) is operated to protect the present apparatus, so that a torque equal to or greater than a certain value does not act on the electric motor 7b. If you want to shut down the composting equipment,
The start switch 28b may be turned off.

[0033]

According to the present invention, since the present invention is constituted as described above, it is possible to disintegrate bulk compost raw materials and mix different kinds of raw materials, and to prevent clogging of the compost raw materials and biting of foreign matter. Since the operation can be performed continuously without any occurrence and the processing can be performed with low horsepower, the effect of low cost can be obtained.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a main part of a first embodiment of a crushing and mixing device for a composting device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line XX of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a control block diagram of the crushing and mixing apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view of a main part of a second embodiment of the crushing and mixing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a control block diagram of the crushing and mixing apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of a main part of a third embodiment of the crushing and mixing apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a control block diagram of the crushing and mixing apparatus shown in FIG.

FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view of a conventional crushing and mixing device of a composting device.

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of another conventional crushing and mixing apparatus.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1a, 1b Rotary blade 2, 2a, 2b Fixing plate 3, 3a, 3b Mounting bolt 4, 4a, 4b Shaft 5, 6 Bearing 7, 7a, 7b Electric motor (rotation driving means) 8 Output shaft 9 First belt Conveyor (raw material supply conveyor) 10, 10a, 19, 19b Belt wheel 11, 11a, 11b Lid 12, 12a, 18, 18b Belt 13, 13a, 13b Cover 14, 14a, 14b High moisture compost raw material (compost raw material) 15, 15a, 15b Low moisture compost raw material (compost raw material) 16, 16a, 16b Mixed raw material 17 Second belt conveyor (raw material discharge conveyor) 20, 21, Machine frame 22, 22a Tension adjusting roller 23 Torque control coupling 24 Bracket 25 Rotation detection Plate 26, 26a, 26b Proximity switch for rotation detection 27, 27a, 27b Control unit 28, 2 8a, 28b Start switch 29 First belt conveyor drive motor 30 Second belt conveyor drive motor 31, 31a, 31b, 32, 32a, 32b, 33,
33b Motor drive circuit 9a Belt conveyor (raw material supply conveyor) 17b Belt conveyor (raw material discharge conveyor) 29a, 30b Belt conveyor drive motor 29b Screw conveyor drive motor 34b Screw conveyor (raw material supply conveyor) 35b Screw 36b Casing 40 Crushing / mixing means 50 Casing 51 Rotating blade 52 Punching plate 53 Rotary grinder 54 Screw conveyor 55 Screw 56 Casing A Rotating direction of rotating blade B Falling direction of raw material C, D Rotating direction of belt

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) C05F 1/00-17/02 B02C 18/14 B02C 18/40 103 B09B 3/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method in which a plurality of types of compost materials conveyed by a material supply conveyor are dropped on top of a plurality of rotary blades radially attached to a shaft rotated by a rotation driving means to be crushed and rotated. A crushing and mixing method, wherein the mixture is scattered in a rotating direction with a blade and mixed. 2. The crushing method according to claim 1, wherein the rotation speed of the shaft is detected by rotation detection means, and when the rotation speed falls below a set speed, the material supply conveyor and the rotation drive means are stopped. Mixing method. 3. A raw material supply conveyor for transferring a compost raw material, and a compost raw material disposed downstream of the raw material supply conveyor and falling from the raw material supply conveyor, which is radially attached to a shaft rotated by a rotary drive means. And a crushing and mixing means for crushing and mixing with a plurality of rotary blades. 4. In the longitudinal direction of the axis of the crushing and mixing means,
A plurality of rotary blades are mounted radially in a plurality of stages, and rotation detecting means for controlling the raw material supply conveyor and the rotation driving means is provided at an end of the shaft.
The crushing and mixing apparatus according to claim 1. 5. A raw material discharge conveyor is provided below the crushing and mixing means, and a cover for covering the rear part of the raw material supply conveyor and the crushing and mixing means is provided above the raw material discharge conveyor. The crushing and mixing apparatus according to claim 3 or 4.