JP2004267944A - Biaxial shear crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a biaxial shear crusher which realizes fine crushing without being accompanied by the degradation in treatment capability and the like. <P>SOLUTION: First to sixth shear blades 31a to 36a, 31b to 36b and first to sixth collars 42a to 46a, 41b to 46b are so formed that their thicknesses decrease gradually from the upstream side to the downstream side of a crushing chamber 5. Also, the first to the sixth shear blades 31 to 36 are provided with cutter hooks 49 whose tips face a rotating direction. The first shear blades 31a and 31b respectively have 3 pieces, the second shear blades 32a and 32b respectively have 3 pieces, the third shear blades 33a and 33b respectively have 6 pieces, the fourth shear blades 34a and 34b respectively have 6 pieces, the fifth shear blades 32a and 32b respectively have 12 pieces, and the sixth shear blades 36a and 36b respectively have 12 pieces, successively increasing from the upstream side to the downstream side of the crushing chamber 5. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a twin-screw crusher used for crushing general waste, industrial waste, and the like, and more particularly to a technique for realizing fine crushing without a decrease in processing capacity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A shear crusher is a device that crushes an object to be crushed into small pieces using a shearing blade or cutter hook. It is a pre-treatment for general or industrial waste incineration and landfill, and a recycling plant that recovers resources from waste. Is used in the sorting step in the above. As the shear crusher, a single-shaft shear crusher (for example, see Patent Document 1) and a twin-shaft shear crusher (for example, see Patent Document 2) are generally used.
[0003]
FIG. 13 is a longitudinal section showing an example of a conventional uniaxial shearing type crusher. As shown in the figure, the single-shaft shearing crusher has a hopper 3 used for charging a crushing object 61, a crushing chamber 5 formed below the hopper 3, and a large number of rotary blades 81 planted on the outer periphery. A fixed blade 85 opposed to the provided cylindrical rotor 83 and the rotary blade 81 with a predetermined gap, a pusher 87 for pressing the object 61 to be crushed against the rotor 83 in the crushing chamber 5, and a discharge side of the rotor 83 are provided. It comprises a screen 89 for adjusting the particle size, a driving source (not shown) such as an electric motor used for driving the rotor 83, and the like.
[0004]
After the crushing target 61 is put into the crushing chamber 5 from the hopper 3, the crushing target 61 is pushed toward the rotating rotor 83 by the pusher 87, and is scraped downward by the rotating blade 81 of the rotor 83. The crushed object 61 that has been scraped down is crushed by the shearing force generated between the rotary blade 81 and the fixed blade 85 to become crushed pieces, and the crushed pieces 101 smaller than the mesh of the screen 89 for particle size adjustment fall and fall. Is discharged. Fragments larger than the mesh of the particle size adjusting screen 89 are conveyed to the rotary blade 81 of the rotor 83 and sent again between the rotary blade 81 and the fixed blade 85. In the uniaxial shearing type crusher, this process is repeated until all the crushed pieces become smaller than the mesh of the particle size adjusting screen 89, and all the crushed objects 61 are crushed into crushed pieces 101 having a predetermined particle size or less.
[0005]
On the other hand, FIG. 14 is a longitudinal section showing an example of a conventional twin-screw crusher, FIG. 15 is a plan view of the crushing chamber, and FIG. 16 is a sectional view taken along line FF in FIG. As shown in these figures, the twin-shaft shearing crusher includes a hopper 3 provided for charging a crushing object 61, a crushing chamber 5 formed below the hopper 3, A pair of shearing and crushing shafts 15 and 17 arranged, a number of shearing blades 91 and 93 fixed to the shearing and crushing shafts 15 and 17 at regular intervals, and a number of cutter hooks provided on both shearing blades 91 and 93. 95, 97; a collar 99 interposed between adjacent shearing blades 91 (93); an electric motor 9 for driving one of the shearing and crushing shafts 15; , And the like. In addition, the shearing blades 91 of the one shearing and crushing shaft 15 and the shearing blades 93 of the other shearing and crushing shaft 17 are arranged alternately, and the tips of the cutter hooks 95 and 97 of the two shearing blades 91 and 93 are both rotated in the rotation direction. Suitable for
[0006]
After the crushing object 61 is put into the crushing chamber 5 from the hopper 3, the crushing object 61 is drawn into between the shearing blade 91 of the one shearing and crushing shaft 15 and the shearing blade 93 of the other shearing and crushing shaft 17 by the cutter hooks 95 and 97. It is. The retracted crushing object 61 is crushed between the cutter hooks 95 and 97 and the collar 99 and crushed by the shearing force generated between the shear blades 91 and 93 to form crushed pieces 101. Dropped and discharged.
[0007]
The conventional single-shaft crusher and twin-shaft crusher each have their own features and drawbacks, and can be used properly according to the size of the crushed object or target crushed pieces, crushing efficiency, etc. Needed.
[0008]
For example, the uniaxial shearing type crusher has the ability to crush relatively large crushed objects 61 to a certain particle size or less, but the conveyance by the rotor 83 is repeated until the crushed pieces 101 become smaller than the mesh of the screen 89 for particle size adjustment. . Therefore, the residence time of the crushed pieces 101 in the crushing chamber 5 becomes longer, and the processing capacity per unit time is inferior.
[0009]
On the other hand, in the twin-shaft crusher, the object 61 to be crushed is crushed while passing through both the shearing blades 91 and 93 once, so that the processing capacity per time is superior to that of the single-shaft crusher. However, in the twin-screw crusher, the size of the crushed pieces 101 generated is determined by the thickness of the shear blades 91 and 93 and the installation pitch (number of sheets) of the cutter hooks 95 and 97, and is the same as in the single-shaft shear crusher. In order to obtain crushed pieces 101 having a particle size of, a large number of cutter hooks 95, 97 need to be provided on the thin shearing blades 91, 93. However, considering the crushing of the large crushing object 61, considering the easiness of the cutting blades 91 and 93 biting into the crushing object 61, the strength of the shearing blades 91 and 93, the capacity of the electric motor, and the like, The particle size of the crushed pieces 101 could not be reduced too much.
[0010]
In the twin-screw crusher, a screen for adjusting the particle size may be installed similarly to the single-screw crusher in order to reduce the particle size of the crushed pieces. However, in this case, the crushed pieces that have not passed through the grain size adjusting screen are conveyed to the upper portion again by the rotation of the shearing blade. Therefore, the same as the uniaxial shearing crusher until the crushed pieces pass through the grain size adjusting screen. The crushing is repeated at the points, and it becomes less meaningful to employ a twin-shaft crusher. Also, in order to reduce the particle size of the crushed pieces, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the shearing blade, the pitch of the cutter hook, and the mesh of the screen for adjusting the particle size, which makes it difficult to crush large crushed objects. Processing capacity also decreases.
[0011]
In recent years, along with the tightening of dioxin emission regulations, it has become difficult to use incineration when treating old wood or pruned branches of dismantled houses, for example. It has been demanded. Some of these have a large diameter (for example, 100 mm or more), and a large-sized twin-screw crusher or a single-shaft crusher has been employed for crushing such a material. However, in order to efficiently crush a large crushed object such as a large-diameter pruned branch into a small particle size (for example, about 10 mm), a twin-shaft crusher and a single-shaft crusher are combined on a belt conveyor. And the like, and after performing coarse crushing with a twin-shaft crusher, finely crushing with a single-shaft crusher (for example, see Patent Document 3).
[0012]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-11-267541 (page 2, FIG. 1)
[Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2002-306982 (page 3, FIG. 4)
[Patent Document 3]
JP-A-2002-355575 (page 3, FIG. 1)
[0013]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the case of such a conventional technique, there is a problem that the equipment cost is high and the equipment space is large. In addition, a twin-shaft shearing crusher for coarse crushing with a large thickness of the shearing blade and a pitch of the cutter hook and a twin-shaft shearing crusher for a fine crushing with a small thickness of the shearing blade and the pitch of the cutter hook are arranged on a belt conveyor. It is also conceivable to connect them with each other, but in this case, the problem of equipment cost and equipment space similarly arises.
[0014]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a twin-shaft shearing crusher which realizes fine crushing of a large crushing object without a decrease in processing capacity or the like.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, in the invention of claim 1, a hopper provided for charging the object to be crushed, a crushing unit for crushing the object to be crushed supplied from the hopper, and a crusher crushed by the crushing unit In a twin-screw crusher provided with a discharge section for discharging objects, the crushing section is fixed to a pair of shear crushing shafts arranged substantially in parallel and at predetermined intervals to each of the shearing crushing shafts, and has an outer peripheral portion. A plurality of shearing blades having cutter hooks formed thereon, and a collar facing the rotating locus of the cutter hook of the shearing and crushing shaft with a predetermined gap corresponding to the shearing blade of the partner shearing and crushing shaft on each shearing and crushing shaft. A guide that covers at least the lower portion of the shear crushing shaft and guides the crushed pieces, receives the object to be crushed from the hopper on the upstream side of the shearing portion, and downstream of the shearing portion while shearing and crushing. Conveyed to Serial crushed material is proposed which decreases from upstream to downstream of the shearing unit.
[0016]
In the invention of claim 1, after the crushing target object supplied from the hopper is guided and guided by the guide from the upstream side to the downstream side of the crushing section, the crushing object is gradually crushed from the coarse crushing by the shearing blade, It is discharged from the discharge section.
[0017]
The invention of claim 2 proposes the twin-shaft crusher of claim 1 in which the number of the cutter hooks increases from upstream to downstream of the crushing section.
[0018]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the length of the object to be crushed when the object is crushed between the cutter hook and the collar decreases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the crushing portion.
[0019]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the twin-shaft crusher according to the first or second aspect, the axial width of the shear blade and the axial width of the collar corresponding to the shear blade are upstream of the shear crush axis. It is suggested that the amount decreases from to the downstream side.
[0020]
According to the third aspect of the present invention, the length of the object to be crushed when it is sheared between the opposing shearing blades decreases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the crushing portion.
[0021]
Further, the invention of claim 4 proposes the twin-shaft shearing crusher of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crushing portion is inclined so as to decrease from the upstream side to the downstream side.
[0022]
According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the crushed pieces roughly crushed on the upstream side of the crushing section move to the downstream side by gravity to be finely crushed.
[0023]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the twin-shaft crusher according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein a plurality of crushed piece discharge holes are formed in the guide.
[0024]
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, of the crushed pieces crushed by the crushing section, those having a predetermined size or less are discharged from the crushed piece discharge hole.
[0025]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the twin-shaft shearing crusher according to the fifth aspect, wherein the crushed piece discharge hole increases from an upstream side to a downstream side of the crushing portion.
[0026]
According to the invention of claim 6, relatively small crushed pieces generated when the object to be crushed is crushed on the upstream side of the crushing section are discharged from the crushed piece discharge holes on the upstream side and are again scraped up by the shear crushing shaft. Is gone.
[0027]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a twin-shaft shearing crusher according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a twin-shaft shearing crusher according to a first embodiment, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of the arrow C in FIG.
[0028]
As shown in FIG. 1, a twin-shaft shearing crusher 1 of the present embodiment includes a hopper 3 provided for charging an object to be crushed and a crushing chamber ( A crushing section) 5, a discharge chute 7 attached to a lower portion of the crushing chamber 5, an electric motor 9 attached to an oblique upper end of the crushing chamber 5, and a gear device 11 attached to an oblique lower end of the crushing chamber 5. An outer shell is formed from. The hopper 3 is located on the upstream side of the crushing chamber 5 (on the side of the electric motor 9), while the discharge chute 7 has a discharge portion 13 formed on the downstream side of the crushing chamber 5 (on the side of the gear device 11).
[0029]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the crushing chamber 5 has a first shearing and crushing shaft 15 driven by the electric motor 9 and a second shearing and crushing shaft 15 driven in synchronization with the first shearing and crushing shaft 15 via the gear device 11. The shear crushing shaft 17 and a guide 19 arranged with a predetermined gap below the two shear crushing shafts 15 and 17 are housed.
[0030]
The first shearing and crushing shaft 15 has a first rotating shaft (main shaft) 21 connected to the electric motor 9, and the first shearing and crushing shaft 17 is driven by the first rotating shaft 21 via the gear device 11. It has a rotating shaft (driven shaft) 23. The first to sixth shearing blades 31a to 36a and 31b to 36b are respectively provided on the rotating shafts 21 and 23 from the upstream side (the hopper 3 side) to the downstream side (the discharging portion 13 side of the discharging chute 7). The first to sixth collars 41a to 46a and 41b to 46b are fixed in such a manner as to alternately overlap each other and to face the respective shearing blades 31a to 36a and 31b to 36b on the mating shaft side with a predetermined gap. ing.
[0031]
The thickness of the first to sixth shearing blades 31a to 36a, 31b to 36b and the first to sixth collars 41a to 46a, 41b to 46b gradually decreases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the crushing chamber 5. It is formed as follows. Further, the first to sixth shearing blades 31 to 36 are provided with cutter hooks 49 whose tips are directed in the rotation direction. In the present embodiment, the number of the cutter hooks is the first shearing blades 31a and 31b. , Three second shear blades 32a and 32b, six third shear blades 33a and 33b, six fourth shear blades 34a and 34b, twelve fifth shear blades 32a and 32b, and sixth The number of shear blades 36a and 36b increases from 12 upstream to downstream of the crushing chamber 5 with 12 blades. 5 to 7 show side views of the first, third, and sixth shearing blades 31a (31b), 33a (33b), and 36a (36b).
[0032]
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the guide with the shear crushing shaft removed. As shown in this figure, the guide 19 is provided with first to third crushed piece discharge holes 51 to 53 whose hole diameters gradually increase from the upstream side to the downstream side of the crushing chamber 5. .
[0033]
Hereinafter, the operation of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
When the twin-screw crusher 1 is started, an operator puts a crushing target 61 such as a pruned branch into the crushing chamber 5 from the hopper 3. The input crushing object 61 first falls on the first shearing blades 31a and 31b of both shearing crushing shafts 15 and 17 on the upstream side of the crushing chamber 5, and the cutter hook 49 of the first shearing blades 31a and 31b. It is drawn between both shear crushing shafts 15 and 17.
[0034]
The retracted crushing object 61 is crushed between the cutter hook 49 of the first shearing blade 31a (31b) and the first collar 41a (41b), while the first shearing of the two crushing shafts 15 and 17 is performed. It is sheared by the blades 31a and 31b. At this time, since the pitch of the cutter hook 49 and the width of the first shearing blades 31a and 31b are large, most of the crushed object 61 becomes large and large crushed pieces. Since it is larger than 51, it is scraped up again by the first shearing blades 31a and 31b, and then moves downstream of the crushing chamber 5 (toward the second shearing blade 32) by gravity.
[0035]
On the other hand, relatively small crushed pieces 63 are also generated along with the crushing or shearing of the crushed object 61, which are discharged from the first crushed piece discharge holes 51 to the discharge chute 7. As a result, the amount of crushed pieces scraped up by the two shear crushing shafts 15 and 17 is reduced, and the burden on the twin-shaft crusher 1 is reduced.
[0036]
The crushed pieces that have moved to the second shearing blades 32a and 32b are crushed between the cutter hook 49 of the second shearing blades 32a and 32b and the first collar 41, and the second crushed shafts 15 and 17 have the second crushed pieces. It is sheared by the shearing blades 32a and 32b. Also at this time, since the pitch of the cutter hook 49 and the width of the second shearing blades 32a and 32b are relatively large, most of the crushing object 61 becomes relatively large and large crushed pieces. Since the crushed piece is larger than the crushed piece discharge hole 51, the crushed piece is again scraped up by the second shearing blades 32a and 32b, and then moves downstream of the crushing chamber 5 (the third shearing blades 33a and 33b) by gravity, and is relatively small. Only the crushed pieces 63 are discharged from the first crushed piece discharge holes 51 to the discharge chute 7.
[0037]
Following the same procedure, the crushed pieces are gradually crushed by the two shearing blades 33a, 33b, 34a, 34b while moving from the third shearing blades 33a, 33b to the fourth shearing blades 34a, 34b, and the second crushing is performed. The crushed pieces 6 larger than the one-piece discharge hole 52 are scraped up and moved to the fifth and sixth shearing blades 35a, 35b, 36a, 36b, and the crushed pieces 65 smaller than the second crush-piece discharge hole 52 are sent to the discharge chute 7. Is discharged. The crushed pieces that have moved to the fifth and sixth shearing blades 35a, 35b, 36a, and 36b located at the most downstream side of the crushing chamber 5 are further crushed by the two shearing blades 35a, 35b, 36a, and 36b. When the size becomes smaller than the third crushed piece discharge hole 53, the crushed piece 67 is discharged to the discharge chute 7 as a crushed piece 67.
[0038]
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a twin-screw crusher according to a second embodiment, FIG. 11 is a DD sectional view in FIG. 10, and FIG. 12 shows a state in which a shear crush shaft is removed. FIG. 11 is a view as viewed from the direction of arrow E in FIG. 10. The overall configuration of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, but as shown in these figures, the guide 19 has first to third crushed piece discharge slits 71 instead of the crushed piece discharge holes. To 73 are bored. Also in the second embodiment, the crushed object 61 is gradually crushed small by the first to sixth shearing blades 31 to 36, and the reduced crushed pieces are discharged from the first to third crushed piece discharge slits 71 to 73. It is discharged to the chute 7.
[0039]
This concludes the description of specific embodiments, but aspects of the present invention are not limited to these embodiments. For example, in both of the above embodiments, the shear crushing shaft is arranged in an inclined manner, but may be arranged horizontally, and in that case, it is desirable that the shearing blade has a screw function. Further, in both of the above embodiments, the number of cutter hooks and the width of the shearing blade are both changed from the hopper side toward the discharge unit side, but only the number of cutter hooks or only the width of the shearing blade is changed. It may be. Further, the number of cutter hooks may be all the same, or a shearing blade having a reduced number of cutter hooks in the middle or at the end may be employed, and the width of the shearing blade and the corresponding shearing blade may be used. The width of the color to be applied may be all the same, or may be increased in the middle or downstream. In the above embodiment, the crushed piece discharge holes and the crushed piece discharge slits are sequentially provided in the guide, but the crushed piece discharge holes and the crushed piece discharge slits having the same size may be provided in the guide. The guide may have a single outlet. In addition, the number of shearing blades and the number of cutter hooks provided on the shearing crushing shaft, and the overall configuration of the two-shaft shearing crusher can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0040]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the twin-shaft shearing crusher according to the present invention, a hopper provided for charging the object to be crushed, and a pair of shear crushing shafts arranged substantially parallel below the hopper, A shearing blade fixed to each of the shearing and crushing shafts, each having a cutter hook, a collar interposed between the shearing blades and facing a rotation locus of the cutter hook with a predetermined gap, at least a lower portion of the shearing and crushing shaft. And a discharge portion formed at a lower portion of the guide and disposed at a position different from the hopper in the axial direction of the shear crushing shaft, wherein the crushing by the shear crushing shaft is performed. Since the material becomes smaller from the hopper side to the discharge portion side, the crushed object input from the hopper is roughly crushed along the shear crushing axis, and then is discharged through the guide. Come to be discharged is finely crushed while being transported to, fine crushing is achieved without a reduction or the like of the processing capability.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view showing a twin-shaft shear crusher according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view taken in the direction of arrow C in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a side view of the first shearing blade.
FIG. 6 is a side view of a third shearing blade.
FIG. 7 is a side view of a sixth shearing blade.
FIG. 8 is a plan view of the guide of the first embodiment with the shear crushing shaft removed.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an operation of the first embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a longitudinal sectional view of a main part of a twin-screw crusher according to a second embodiment.
11 is a sectional view taken along line DD in FIG.
FIG. 12 is a view taken in the direction of arrow E in FIG. 10 in a state where a shear crushing shaft is removed.
FIG. 13 is a longitudinal section showing an example of a conventional uniaxial shearing crusher.
FIG. 14 is a longitudinal section showing an example of a conventional twin-shaft crusher.
FIG. 15 is a plan view of the crushing chamber.
16 is a sectional view taken along line FF in FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ‥‥ Two-shaft shearing crusher 3 ‥‥ Hopper 5 ‥‥ Crushing chamber (crushing section)
7 {discharge chute 9} electric motor 11 {gear device 13} discharge section 15 {first shearing and crushing shaft 17} second shearing and crushing shaft 19 {guide 21} first rotating shaft 23} Second rotating shafts 31a, 31b {first shearing blades 32a, 32b} second shearing blades 33a, 33b {third shearing blades 34a, 34b} fourth shearing blades 35a, 35b {fifth shearing blade 36a , 36b, sixth shearing blades 41a, 41b, first collars 42a, 42b, second collars 43a, 43b, third collars 44a, 44b, fourth collars 45a, 45b, fifth collar 46a, 46b {sixth collar 49} cutter hook 51 {first crushed piece discharge hole 52} second crushed piece discharge hole 53} third crushed piece discharge hole 61 {crushed object 63, 65, 67} ‥ Fragment piece 71 ‥‥ First crush piece discharge slit 72 ‥ Second debris discharge slit 73 ‥‥ third fragments discharge slit

Claims (6)

A biaxial shearing type including a hopper provided for charging the crushed object, a crushing unit for crushing the crushed object supplied from the hopper, and a discharge unit for discharging the crushed material crushed in the crushing unit In the crusher,
The crushing unit,
A pair of shear crushing axes arranged substantially in parallel,
A plurality of shearing blades fixed to each shearing crushing shaft at predetermined intervals and having a cutter hook formed on an outer peripheral portion,
On each shearing crushing axis, corresponding to the shearing blade of the partner shearing crushing axis, a collar facing the rotation trajectory of the cutter hook of the shearing crushing axis with a predetermined gap,
A guide that covers at least the lower part of the shear crushing shaft and guides the crushed pieces,
The object to be crushed is received from the hopper on the upstream side of the shearing portion, and is conveyed to the downstream side of the shearing portion while being sheared and crushed.At this time, the crushed material decreases from the upstream side to the downstream side of the shearing portion. A twin-shaft crusher, comprising: 2. The twin-shaft crusher according to claim 1, wherein the number of cutter hooks increases from an upstream side to a downstream side of the crushing unit. 3. 3. The biaxial shaft according to claim 1, wherein the axial width of the shear blade and the axial width of the collar corresponding to the shear blade decrease from upstream to downstream of the shear crushing shaft. Shear crusher. The twin-screw crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the crushing unit is arranged so as to be inclined from an upstream side to a downstream side. The crusher according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a number of crushed piece discharge holes are formed in the guide. The two-shaft shearing crusher according to claim 5, wherein the crushed piece discharge hole increases from an upstream side to a downstream side of the crushing portion.

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