WO2017010510A1

WO2017010510A1 - Crushing machine

Info

Publication number: WO2017010510A1
Application number: PCT/JP2016/070677
Authority: WO
Inventors: 司山村; 博上南; 達雄宮下; 坂本　季治; 英章黒川; 智博大茂
Original assignee: 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社
Priority date: 2015-07-15
Filing date: 2016-07-13
Publication date: 2017-01-19
Also published as: MY186746A; JP6025929B1; JP2017023887A; CN107614109B; TW201718096A; TWI626994B; CN107614109A

Abstract

Provided is a crushing machine that comprises: a pair of rotary shafts 1, 2 disposed parallel to each other; a plurality of rotary blades 3 attached, with intervals therebetween, to each of the rotary shafts 1, 2 in the axial direction, where rotary blades 3 attached to one rotary shaft 1 and rotary blades 3 attached to the other rotary shaft 2 are attached so that the rotation trajectories L1, L2 partially overlap as viewed from the axial direction of the rotary shafts; and a screen 20 which receives crushed material on the outside of the rotation trajectory L1 of the plurality of rotary blades 3 attached to the one rotary shaft 1 and which allows the crushed material of a prescribed size or less to fall. At least part of the end section of the screen 20 in the array direction of the pair of rotary shafts 1, 2 is disposed to the inner peripheral side from the rotation trajectory L2 of the rotary blades 3 attached to the other rotary shaft 2.

Description

Crushing machine

The present invention relates to a crusher that crushes objects to be processed such as wood and garbage.
This application claims priority in Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-141390 for which it applied on July 15, 2015, and uses the content here.

Conventionally, a crusher has been used as a means for crushing to-be-processed objects such as wood (for example, wood for biomass power generation), bamboo, and combustible / noncombustible waste. As crushers, rotary crushers, shear crushers, biaxial shear crushers, and the like are known. Each crusher has a rotary blade that is attached to a rotating shaft and has a plurality of crushing blades formed in the circumferential direction.

In addition, a crusher is also known in which a screen is provided below a rotary blade in order to make a crushed material generated by crushing an object to be processed into a predetermined size (particle size) (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ). A plurality of regularly formed opening holes are formed in the screen, and the crushed material continues to be crushed by a rotary blade passing on the screen to a size that can pass through the opening holes.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-267944

In the case of a crusher equipped with a screen, it becomes possible to make the size of the crushed material below a certain level. However, in the case of a crusher equipped with a screen, there is a limit to the number of opening holes through which crushed material is discharged. Therefore, there exists a subject that the amount of crushing processes reduces compared with the case where the residence of the crushing material on the screen increases and there is no screen. Moreover, since the crushed material staying on the screen becomes a frictional resistance, there is a problem that it becomes a load on the rotating shaft and leads to a decrease in the crushing capacity.

An object of the present invention is to provide a crusher capable of improving the processing efficiency of a workpiece and reducing the load on a rotating shaft.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the crusher is a pair of rotary shafts arranged in parallel to each other, and a plurality of rotary blades attached to each of the rotary shafts with an interval in the axial direction. A plurality of rotary blades, wherein a rotary blade attached to one of the rotary shafts and a rotary blade attached to the other of the rotary shafts are attached so as to partially overlap the rotation locus when viewed from the axial direction of the rotary shaft And a screen that receives the crushed material outside the rotation trajectory of the plurality of rotary blades attached to one of the rotating shafts and drops the crushed material having a predetermined size or less, and the pair of the screens At least a part of the end portion in the arrangement direction of the rotation shafts is arranged on the inner peripheral side with respect to the rotation locus of the rotation blade attached to the other rotation shaft.

According to such a configuration, since the crushed material that does not need to pass through the screen is discharged from the other rotating shaft side without stagnation, the crushed material is discharged compared to the case where the screens are provided on both rotating shafts. The processing efficiency of the processed product can be improved. Moreover, since the screen is not installed on the other rotating shaft side, the load applied to the other rotating shaft by the crushed material staying on the screen can be reduced.
Further, by retaining the long object to be processed that has passed between the rotary blades on the screen, it is possible to prevent the long object to pass through.

The crusher may include a plurality of spacers attached to the rotary shaft alternately in the axial direction with the rotary blade, and the screen may extend to an outer peripheral surface of the spacer.

In the crusher, the rotation speed of one of the rotation shafts may be lower than the rotation speed of the other rotation shaft.

According to such a configuration, surplus power of the rotating shaft with less load can be used for crushing using the rotary blade and the screen.

According to the present invention, since the crushed material that does not need to pass through the screen is discharged without delay from the other rotating shaft side, the object to be processed is compared with the case where screens are provided on both rotating shafts. The processing efficiency can be improved. Moreover, since the screen is not installed on the other rotating shaft side, the load applied to the other rotating shaft by the crushed material staying on the screen can be reduced.

It is a side view which shows the crusher of 1st embodiment of this invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line X1-X1 in FIG. 1, showing a crusher. It is the figure which looked at the rotary blade of 1st embodiment of this invention, the spacer, and the screen from the axial direction of the rotating shaft. It is a top view of the screen of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which looked at the screen of 1st embodiment of this invention from the axial direction of the rotating shaft. It is a figure explaining the effect | action of the crusher of 1st embodiment of this invention. It is the figure which looked at the rotary blade, spacer, and screen of 2nd embodiment of this invention from the axial direction of the rotating shaft. It is a top view of the screen of 2nd embodiment of this invention.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, the crusher of 1st embodiment of this invention is demonstrated in detail with reference to drawings.
The crusher of this embodiment is, for example, a biaxial shear crusher that crushes to-be-processed objects (waste) such as wood, bamboo, and garbage into a crushed material of a predetermined size (length, particle size) ( A multiaxial shearing crusher). The crusher of this embodiment is particularly suitable for crushing wood materials and bamboo materials that contain a large amount of long objects to be processed.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, the crusher 100 includes a casing 25, a pair of crushing mechanisms 4, a screen 20 that receives an object to be processed crushed by the crushing mechanism 4 and drops it downward. It is equipped with.
The crushing mechanism 4 includes a pair of

rotary shafts

1 and 2 arranged in parallel with each other inside the casing 25, and a plurality of rotary blades 3 attached to the

rotary shafts

1 and 2 with an interval in the axial direction. And a plurality of spacers 10 attached between the rotary blades 3 adjacent to each other in the axial direction of the rotary shaft 1 and a drive device 5 such as an electric motor for rotating the

rotary shafts

1 and 2. Hereinafter, one rotating shaft 1 is referred to as a first rotating shaft 1, and the other rotating shaft is referred to as a second rotating shaft 2.

The first rotating shaft 1 and the second rotating shaft 2 of the present embodiment are each driven by a driving device 5. The first rotating shaft 1 is set to rotate in the T1 direction in FIG. 3, and the second rotating shaft 2 is set to rotate in the T2 direction in FIG. In addition, the 1st rotating shaft 1 and the 2nd rotating shaft 2 can rotate not only in the T1 direction of FIG. 3, but the T2 direction, and a reverse direction. For example, when a large load is applied to the driving device 5 during crushing, it can be rotated in the reverse direction.

The drive device 5 can arbitrarily set the rotation speed of the output shaft. That is, the first rotating shaft 1 and the second rotating shaft 2 can be rotated at a desired rotational speed. In the crusher 100 of the present embodiment, the first rotating shaft 1 is rotated at a low speed, and the second rotating shaft 2 is rotated at a higher speed than the first rotating shaft 1. That is, the rotation speed of the first rotation shaft 1 and the rotation speed of the second rotation shaft 2 are different, and the rotation speed of the first rotation shaft 1 is lower than the rotation speed of the second rotation shaft 2.
It should be noted that, using one driving device 5 and a gear mechanism that transmits the driving force of the driving device 5 to the two rotating

shafts

1 and 2, the two rotating

shafts

1 and 2 are connected using one driving device 5. It may be configured to drive.

The first rotating shaft 1 and the second rotating shaft 2 have a hexagonal cross-sectional shape as shown in FIG. 3, and are rotated around the axes O 1 and O 2 by the driving device 5. In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the 1st rotating shaft 1 and the 2nd rotating shaft 2 should just be a cross-sectional polygonal shape, for example, is good also as square shape. Alternatively, the

rotary shafts

1 and 2 may have a circular cross section and may be fixed using the spacer 10 and the rotary blade 3 and a key.

The scraper 21 is provided from the side wall of the casing 25 toward a position facing the rotary blade 3 and the spacer 10. The scraper 21 prevents the object to be processed from falling between the rotary blade 3 and the casing 25 or scrapes off the object to be processed sandwiched between the rotary blades 3. The scraper 21 is formed in a comb-teeth shape when viewed from above so as to allow passage of the rotary blade 3. The tip of the scraper 21 is formed in a semicircular arc shape so as to be close to the peripheral surfaces of the rotary blade 3 and the spacer 10.

The axes O1 and O2 of the first rotating shaft 1 and the second rotating shaft 2 are parallel. Hereinafter, the direction along the axes O1 and O2 is simply referred to as an axial direction A. A horizontal direction orthogonal to the axial direction A is referred to as a width direction Y of the

rotary shafts

1 and 2. The width direction Y is an arrangement direction in which the

rotation axes

1 and 2 are arranged.
In each crushing mechanism 4, the rotary blades 3 and the spacers 10 are alternately arranged in the axial direction A. The width (thickness) in the axial direction A of the rotary blade 3 and the width in the axial direction A of the spacer 10 are the same.

The rotary blades 3 and the spacers 10 attached to the first rotary shaft 1 and the rotary blades 3 and the spacers 10 attached to the second rotary shaft 2 are arranged so as to alternate in the axial direction A. . In other words, the rotary blade 3 attached to the first rotary shaft 1 and the spacer 10 attached to the second rotary shaft 2 adjacent to the first rotary shaft 1 have the same position in the axial direction A. It is arranged to be.

A part of the rotation locus of the rotary blade 3 attached to the first rotary shaft 1 and a part of the rotation locus of the rotary blade 3 attached to the second rotary shaft 2 are overlapped when viewed from the axial direction A. ing. The crusher 100 shears and crushes the workpiece by rotating the rotary blade 3 around the axes O1 and O2 together with the

rotary shafts

1 and 2 of each crushing mechanism 4.

The rotary blade 3 is inserted into the polygonal center hole 3a with the

rotary shafts

1 and 2 fitted therein, and is fixed to the

rotary shafts

1 and 2 while being coaxially arranged on the

rotary shafts

1 and 2. A crushing blade 7 which is detachably attached to the outer periphery of the blade receiving base 6 with a cutting blade portion 9 disposed radially outside the centers of the axes O1 and O2 and arranged in parallel in the circumferential direction of the centers of the axes O1 and O2. It is configured with. Hereinafter, the trajectory drawn by the tip of the cutting edge portion 9 of the rotary blade 3 attached to the

rotary shafts

1 and 2 is referred to as rotation trajectories L1 and L2.

Below the first rotary shaft 1 (below the rotary blade 3) is attached a semi-cylindrical screen 20 having a plurality of opening holes 22 through which the pulverized material crushed to a predetermined size is passed. . Only the crushed material that has been crushed to such a size as to pass through the opening hole 22 falls downward through the screen 20.

The screen 20 receives the crushed material crushed by the crushing mechanism 4 outside the rotation locus L1 of the plurality of rotary blades 3 provided on the first rotary shaft 1. The screen 20 includes a curved surface portion 30 having a curved plate shape, a bracket portion 26 provided on one side in the width direction Y of the curved surface portion 30, and the other side in the width direction Y of the curved surface portion 30. And a plurality of extensions 24 provided in the.
A side of the curved surface portion 30 opposite to the bracket portion 26 is supported by a predetermined support member 27.

The curved surface portion 30 extends in the axial direction A and has a cross-sectional shape that forms an arc shape when viewed from the axial direction A. The curved curvature of the curved surface portion 30 is smaller than the curvature of the rotation locus L1. The center of curvature of the main surface 30 a of the curved surface portion 30 of the present embodiment substantially coincides with the central axis O <b> 1 of the first rotation shaft 1.

A gap G is formed between the curved surface portion 30 and the rotation locus L1. The gap G is appropriately set depending on the size (length, desired size) of the desired crushed material. For example, the dimension of the gap G can be set to about ½ of the size of the crushed material. Note that the gap G between the curved surface portion 30 and the rotation locus L1 does not have to be constant, and may gradually increase toward the outside in the width direction Y, for example.

As shown in FIG. 4, a plurality of opening holes 22 are formed in the curved surface portion 30. The plurality of opening holes 22 are regularly arranged in the curved surface portion 30. The arrangement of the plurality of opening holes 22 may be, for example, a staggered arrangement or a grid-like arrangement. Further, the arrangement of the plurality of opening holes 22 is not necessarily regular, and the number may be gradually reduced toward the end in the width direction Y.

The opening hole 22 of this embodiment has a square shape. The magnitude | size of the opening hole 22 is suitably set with the size of the desired crushed material. For example, the length of one side can be set to the same level as the size of the crushed material. The shape of the opening hole 22 is not limited to a square shape, and can be changed according to a crushed object such as a rectangular shape, a hexagonal shape, or a circular shape. Moreover, the aperture ratio of the entire curved surface portion 30 can also be set as appropriate. For example, the opening ratio of the curved surface portion 30 can be about 50%.

As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of crushing protrusions 23 are formed on the curved surface portion 30. The crushing protrusion 23 has a pyramid shape having a sharp apex. That is, the plurality of crushing protrusions 23 have such a shape that the crushing matter staying on the screen 20 is cut by the crushing protrusions 23 when moving on the screen 20 as the rotary blade 3 rotates. The shape of the crushing protrusion 23 is not limited to this, and may be a knife shape (a plate shape having a sharp blade).

The bracket portion 26 is a member that protrudes in the width direction Y from one side in the width direction Y of the curved surface portion 30, and is provided at a plurality of positions at intervals in the axial direction A. The bracket portion 26 is fixed to the scraper 21 using a fastening member such as a bolt 28. The bracket portion 26 (screen 20) may be fixed to the casing 25.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the plurality of extending portions 24 are formed on the other side 30 b in the width direction Y of the curved surface portion 30 (end portions in the arrangement direction of the pair of rotating shafts 1 and 2). Thus, the other side 20a in the width direction Y of the screen 20 has a rectangular wave shape when viewed from above. In other words, the screen 20 has a shape along the rotation trajectory of the spacer 10 and the rotary blade 3 when viewed from above. That is, since the rotation locus of the spacer 10 and the rotary blade 3 viewed from above has a rectangular wave shape, the side 20a of the screen 20 also has a rectangular wave shape.

The extension portion 24 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the rotation locus L2 of the rotary blade 3 of the second rotary shaft 2. In other words, at least a part of the screen 20 is extended to the inner peripheral side of the rotation locus L2 of the rotary blade 3 of the second rotary shaft 2. The gap between the tip of the extension 24 and the spacer 10 is set to be as small as possible. That is, the screen 20 extends to the extent that it does not contact the outer peripheral surface 10 a of the spacer 10.
The side 30b of the curved surface portion 30 is formed so as not to interfere with the rotation locus L2 of the rotary blade 3. The gap between the side 30b of the curved surface portion 30 and the rotation locus L2 is set to be as small as possible.

In the crusher 100 of the present embodiment, the screen 20 is disposed only below the first rotating shaft 1, and no screen is disposed below the second rotating shaft 2. In other words, below the rotary blade 3 of the second rotary shaft 2 is a passage for crushed material without a screen.

Next, the effect | action of the crusher 100 of this embodiment is demonstrated.
In the crusher 100 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the first rotating shaft 1 is rotated in one direction (T1 direction) at a low speed, and the second rotating shaft 2 is rotated in another direction (T2 direction) at a high speed. ing. When the workpiece B is introduced from the insertion port 19 that opens above the

rotary shafts

1 and 2, the rotary blade 3 fitted to the first rotary shaft 1 and the rotary blade 3 fitted to the second rotary shaft 2. Thus, the workpiece B is sheared and crushed.

Further, the gap between the spacer 10 fitted to the first rotary shaft 1 and the rotary blade 3 fitted to the second rotary shaft 2, and the spacer 10 fitted to the second rotary shaft 2 and the first The workpieces enter the gaps H between the rotary blades 3 fitted to the rotary shaft 1, and the workpiece B is crushed by the rotary blades 3 at a size corresponding to the size of the gaps H. C falls downward.

The crushed material C falls on the screen 20, is discharged through the opening hole 22 of the screen 20, or is discharged from the space S (see FIG. 4) between the extensions 24 adjacent in the axial direction. .
Of the crushed material C falling on the screen 20, the crushed material C crushed to a size that can pass through the opening hole is discharged through the opening hole 22.

On the other hand, the object to be processed B, which is a long object to be processed B, which has passed through between the spacer 10 and the rotary blade 3, and the object to be crushed to a size that can pass through the opening hole 22, are screened. Stay on top of 20. The processing object B and the crushed material C staying on the screen 20 are continuously crushed by the rotary blade 3 and the crushing protrusion 23. The crushed material C crushed to an appropriate size by the rotary blade 3 and the crushing protrusion 23 falls below the opening hole 22.

Further, the crushed material C is also discharged from the space S between the extension portions 24 adjacent to each other in the axial direction A. That is, among the crushed material C crushed by the pair of rotary blades 3, the crushed material C scraped by the rotary blade 3 of the second rotary shaft 2 falls below the space S instead of the opening hole 22.
As described above, since no screen is installed below the second rotary shaft 2, the crushed material C scraped by the rotary blade 3 of the second rotary shaft 2 is quickly discharged.

Further, in the crusher 100 of the present embodiment, the first rotating shaft 1 rotates at a lower speed than the second rotating shaft 2. Thereby, compared with the case where the

rotating shafts

1 and 2 rotate at the same number of rotations, a shearing force is applied by the object to be processed, so the crushing efficiency of the object to be processed is high.

According to the above embodiment, since the crushed material C that does not need to pass through the screen is discharged without stagnation from the second rotating shaft 2 side, compared with the case where the screens are provided on both the

rotating shafts

1 and 2. Thus, the processing efficiency of the workpiece B can be improved. Further, since no screen is installed on the second rotating shaft 2 side, the load applied to the second rotating shaft 2 by the crushed material C staying on the screen can be reduced.
Further, by retaining the long object to be processed passing through between the spacer 10 and the rotary blade 3 on the screen 20, it is possible to prevent the long object from slipping through.

Further, since the screen 20 is provided below the first rotary shaft 1 that rotates at a lower speed than the second rotary shaft 2, surplus power of the first rotary shaft 1 that is not loaded compared to the second rotary shaft 2 is obtained. By using this, the crushed material C staying on the screen 20 can be crushed. That is, the driving force of the driving device 5 that drives the first rotating shaft 1 can be used more efficiently.
Further, since the screen 20 is fixed using a fastening member such as a bolt 28, the screen 20 can be easily replaced.

In the above embodiment, the rotational speed of the first rotary shaft 1 on the side where the screen 20 is provided is slower than the rotational speed of the second rotary shaft 2, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the side on which the screen 20 is provided. The rotation speed of the first rotation shaft 1 may be faster than the rotation speed of the second rotation shaft 2. In other words, the screen 20 may be installed below the rotation axis on the high speed side.
By installing the screen 20 below the rotary shaft on the high speed side, the crushing efficiency may be improved because the crushing by the crushing protrusions 23 of the rotary blade 3 and the screen 20 is performed faster.

(Second embodiment)
Hereinafter, the crusher of 2nd embodiment of this invention is demonstrated based on drawing. In the present embodiment, differences from the first embodiment described above will be mainly described, and description of similar parts will be omitted.
As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the spacer 10 </ b> B of the present embodiment includes a bearing 32 that is coaxially attached to the rotary shaft 2, and a cylindrical shape that is coaxially attached to the rotary shaft 2 on the outer peripheral surface of the bearing 32. The spacer main body 34 is provided. A second spacer 33 is interposed between the bearing 32 and the rotating shaft 2 having a hexagonal cross section. However, the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 2 where the bearing 32 is attached can be made cylindrical by matching the bearing 32. Good.
That is, the spacer 10 </ b> B of the present embodiment is attached to the rotating shaft 2 so as to be rotatable.

The extension portion 24B of the screen 20B of the present embodiment is connected to the spacer main body 34 (spacer 10B) at the connection portion 24a. That is, there is no radial gap between the spacer 10B of this embodiment and the extension 24B of the screen 20B.

According to the above embodiment, the other side in the width direction Y of the screen 20B can be firmly fixed. That is, the extension 24B can be prevented from being deformed and coming into contact with the rotary blade 3.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, but various modifications can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, in the above embodiment, the rotational speeds of the pair of

rotating shafts

1 and 2 are different, but the rotating speeds of the

rotating shafts

1 and 2 may be the same.
Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the rotary blade 3 shall have the some crushing blade 7 divided | segmented, you may use the rotary blade 3 with which the crushing blade 7 was integrated in the circumferential direction.

</ RTI> According to this crusher, the processing efficiency of the object to be processed can be improved as compared with the case where screens are provided on both rotating shafts. Moreover, since the screen is not installed on the other rotating shaft side, the load applied to the other rotating shaft by the crushed material staying on the screen can be reduced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 1st rotating shaft 2 2nd rotating shaft 3 Rotary blade 5 Drive device 6 Blade receiving stand 7 Crushing blade 9

Cutting blade part

10,

10B Spacer

20, 20B Screen 21 Scraper 22 Opening hole 23 Crushing

protrusion

24, 24B Extension part 25 Casing 26 Bracket part 27 Support member 28 Bolt 30 Curved surface part 100 Crusher A Axial direction G Gap L1, L2 Rotation locus Y Width direction (arrangement direction)

Claims

A pair of rotating shafts arranged parallel to each other;
A plurality of rotary blades attached to each of the rotary shafts at intervals in the axial direction, the rotary blades attached to one of the rotary shafts and the rotary blade attached to the other rotary shaft, A plurality of rotary blades attached with a part of the rotation trajectory as seen from the axial direction of the rotary shaft;
A screen that receives the crushed material outside the rotation trajectory of the plurality of rotary blades attached to one of the rotating shafts and drops the crushed material having a predetermined size or less;
A crusher in which at least a part of an end portion of the screen in the arrangement direction of the pair of rotating shafts is disposed on an inner peripheral side with respect to a rotation locus of the rotating blade attached to the other rotating shaft.
A plurality of spacers attached to the rotary shaft alternately in the axial direction with the rotary blade;
The crusher according to claim 1, wherein the screen extends to an outer peripheral surface of the spacer.
The crusher according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a rotation speed of one of the rotation shafts is lower than a rotation speed of the other rotation shaft.