JPH05140957A - Constructing method for basement of building - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To construct the basement of a building through automated processes by the inverse construction method, which presents good easiness and accuracy in works, allows saving the labor, and prevents producing of pollution. CONSTITUTION:The top of the ground 5 is used as concrete form and as timbering, and a floor surface structure S consisting of a beam 7 and floor slab 6 is constructed where a hoist rail 9 for running of a working machine is laid on the undersurface. The floor surface structure S is allowed to work as a horizontal structural surface bearing the soil pressure. and the ground under this floor surface structure S is excavated with a working machine of ceiling running type which is suspended at the hoist rail 9 as freely to travel. Further a floor surface structure S' working also as a soil pressure horizontal bearing structural surface for the lower floor is constructed, and then the basement structure of the building is constructed, and this cycle of processes is repeated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for constructing an underground portion of a building by a reverse driving method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIGS. 13 to 15 show steps of a conventional reverse driving method, in which a sheet pile a for waterproofing and earth retaining is driven in, a temporary support b is inserted into a perforated portion by an earth drill, and then a neck wrapping is performed. Concrete is poured, mountain sand c is backfilled, the first excavation d is performed, the deep foundation e is excavated to slightly below the second basement floor, and the temporary columns are cut by the length of the subway bone column f. ..
(Refer to FIG. 13) Next, a steel frame column and beam h on the first basement floor are constructed, a floor floor beam concrete i is placed, a bracket is attached to the steel frame column, and an H steel cutting beam and reverse stage girder j
Is installed and the second excavation k is performed to the bottom of the deep foundation. Next, the first basement beam 1 and side pillars are constructed. (Refer to FIG. 14) Next, the concrete floor m of the first floor is placed, the above steps are repeated up to the concrete placement of the floor girder of the second floor, and the final excavation n is performed to the bottom plate. And construct a steel frame on the ground floor in parallel with the underground structure work. (Fig. 1
In the above-mentioned conventional example, an example of the steel frame reinforced concrete structure is shown as the underground structure, but in some cases only temporary columns are arranged as the reinforced concrete structure.

[0003]

The above-mentioned conventional reverse-placing method has a very strict working space for the operator, and therefore has the following problems when considering the introduction of automatic or semi-automatic construction by a machine. B) In the method of underground excavation using an automatic machine, the excavator becomes very large, and unlike the construction inside the caisson such as civil engineering work, a place where temporary columns are forested like the reverse construction method in conventional construction work. It is not suitable for construction because of lack of mobility of the excavating machine. B) Conventional excavators (Yumbo, Dozer Shovel, Clam Ciel, etc.) are operated by an operator and are difficult to automate. C) It is very difficult to install a reverse beam stage that also serves as a cutting beam to support the earth pressure of the retaining wall around the building, because it is very difficult to handle heavy objects in a narrow space, and it will be an obstacle as a working space. .. D) People have scraped off the soil adhering to the temporary columns or retaining walls one by one. E) On the basement floor, there are many thick reinforcing bars, and there are few efficient methods for conveying large amounts of long heavy objects. F) The power of excavating machines is mostly internal combustion machines, and it is not easy to take measures against exhaust gas.

The present invention has been proposed in view of the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, and the purpose thereof is to provide excellent workability, improved construction accuracy, labor saving and improved work environment, thereby reducing pollution. The point is to provide an automated construction method of the underground part of the building by the reverse driving method to prevent the occurrence.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above object, according to the method of constructing an underground portion of a building according to the present invention, in the method of constructing an underground portion of a building by a reverse construction method, Construct a top floor structure consisting of beams and floor slabs with rails for running work machines on the bottom surface used as a frame and supporting work, and also use the floor structure as a horizontal surface for earth pressure support. Then, by using an overhead traveling type working machine suspended so that it can travel freely on the rails, the ground at the bottom of the floor structure is excavated, and a floor structure that also serves as an earth pressure horizontal support structure on the lower floor is formed. Along with the construction, a building underground structure is constructed, and then the above steps are repeated to construct a plurality of floors.

[0006]

According to the present invention, as described above, the top of the ground is used as a formwork and supporting structure, and a top floor structure including a beam and a floor slab on which a rail for running a working machine is installed on the lower surface is constructed. Earth pressure is supported by the structure, and the lower part of the structure is excavated to construct the floor structure on the lower floor.

At this time, since the rail on the lower surface of the floor structure is installed before excavation of the ground, it becomes possible to use an overhead traveling type working machine suspended freely on the rail,
It becomes possible to construct an underground structure of a highly accurate excavated building, the excavated soil is efficiently carried out, and the work machine is electrically driven to improve the underground work environment and prevent pollution. It is possible.

[0008]

The present invention will be described below with reference to the illustrated embodiments. Prior to underground construction, mountain retaining work will be performed on the outer peripheral surface of the underground structure to the required depth (see Fig. 1). Next, the pile 2 that transmits the weight of the building to the supporting ground is constructed, and on the upper part of the pile 2, the true pillar 3 made of H-shaped steel or the like that supports the weight of the building under construction is erected.

All of the above are carried out by the conventional construction method, and the construction for supporting the vertical load in the above-ground frame and the underground reverse construction method is completed. In addition, 5 is the ground of the construction site. 2 and 11, as well as in FIG. 12, the ground 5 of the site, which has become a flat land after the construction of the foundation portion is completed, is converted into a floor slab 6 and a beam on the first floor of the building by a conventional earthworking machine or a working machine described later. 7, steel column base 8 and hoist rail 9 mounted under the beam
Excavate the space needed to set up. At this time, since the surface of the excavated ground has large irregularities for the concrete formwork and the floor surface for rail installation, the waste concrete 10 is placed in a necessary portion to maintain accuracy. Further, a mold 11 made of high-strength concrete plate or the like is installed on the vertical surface of the beam 7.
Further, since the upper part of the hoist rail 9 becomes a space, a mold 12 such as a concrete plate as described above is installed to close the space. Hoist rail 9 and its anchor 15 and beam 7,
The reinforcing bars 13 and 14 of the floor slab 6 are installed at the same time, concrete C is placed, and the construction of the floor structure S on the first floor is completed. In FIG. 12, the range of p represents waste concrete as a formwork on the bottom surface of the beam 7, and the range of q represents a formwork made of high-strength concrete plate or the like.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, construction of the above-ground portion is performed. The pillar 16 of the ground structure is joined onto the pillar base 8, and finally the best construction is made by the construction method of Japanese Patent Application No. 3-43381 (the title of the invention "construction method of building") proposed by the applicant. Various working machines 1 suspended movably on a hoist rail 17 arranged on the lower surface of a temporary stage K which is a structure of the floor
8 constructs a beam 19 having a ground structure and a temporary frame 20 for underground work. Further, the work machine 18 also installs earth discharging equipment such as a hoist 21, a clam shell 22, a belt conveyor 23, and the like for performing a series of operations with the temporary frame 20. As described above, in the construction of the above-ground portion, the construction is advanced while the temporary stage K is sequentially raised.
(Refer to FIG. 4) As for the subsurface construction, as shown in FIG. 4, an opening 24 for the underground construction is provided in a part of the floor structure S on the first floor, and first the clam shell 2 is used.
The ground 5 is excavated by 2 etc., the clam shell 22 is wound up, the hoist is moved to the position of 21 ', and the clam shell 2 is moved.
The excavated soil 5 is discharged to the hopper 25 by opening it as indicated by 2 '. The belt 2 conveys this soil to the truck 2
It is loaded on No.6 and transported to the outside. When this operation is repeated and the ground 5 is excavated and discharged to a size where the underground ground excavator 27 can be inserted as shown in FIG. 5, the excavator mounted on the base machine 29 via the complementary rail 28 on the temporary frame 20. 27
6 and is lowered from directly above the opening 24, and the complementary rail 28 is fitted to the hoist rail 9 which is pre-mounted under the beam of the first floor floor structure S as shown in FIG.
More hoist rail 9 excavator 2 on base machine 29
7 is run and the horizontal ground 5 is excavated.

The complementary rail 28 is a rail, a trolley wire, on any floor, according to the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 3-161414 (the title of the invention "material conveying device in construction work") proposed by the present applicant. When connecting the signal lines and the like to the hoist rail 9 on the ceiling on the first basement floor in FIG. 9 and the hoist rail 34 on the ceiling on the second basement floor on the lower floor in FIG. The excavator 27 is locked and fixed by a locking tool (not shown) so that the excavator 27 can run and work on any floor. Reference numeral 29 is a base machine for performing various operations, which is suspended freely on the hoist rail 9 and has an excavator 27 attached to its tip. Various works can be performed by exchanging the tip member.
This base machine 29 runs along the hoist rail 9 to control in the X and Y directions, and the arm of the base machine 29 itself controls the three directions of X, Y and Z with high accuracy. Work can be performed with high precision.

In the horizontal excavation, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the excavator 27 excavates the ground 5 by the operation of the base machine 29 and deposits the excavated earth 31 on the lower part. The earth and sand 31 is conveyed in the horizontal direction by the earth and sand carrier 32, and the excavated earth and sand 31 is conveyed to a position where the excavated earth and sand 31 can be lifted by the clam shell 22 just below the opening 24 of the floor structure S on the first floor. The excavated earth and sand 31 thus excavated by the excavator 27 is accumulated by the earth and sand carrier 32 to a place where the clam shell 22 can grab it, and vertically suspended by the clam shell 22, and then the hopper 25 and the belt conveyor 23. The excavation for one layer is performed by repeating a series of operations of loading the dump truck 26 and carrying it out of the site. As described above, the excavator 27, which has a relatively small machine weight and requires precision, has a structure of suspending from the ceiling, and the earth and sand 31 due to a simple heavy reciprocating motion is used.
As for transportation, the method of traveling of the earth and sand carrier 32 on the ground 5 separates each one, so that it is possible to reduce or eliminate structural changes due to a temporary load when constructing a building structure, and economically. Make a big contribution.

At the same time, by electrifying the ceiling-mounted excavator 27 and the earth and sand carrier 32, it is effective for improving the working environment and noise countermeasures. During underground excavation, the weight of the superstructure of the building,
Other loads are supported by the structure columns 3, and water pressure and spring water outside the site are safely supported by the underground continuous wall 1 to suppress the spring water. Also,
The influence of earth pressure on the underground continuous wall 1 due to excavation is that the floor surface structure S has already been completed on the first floor, so the load is transmitted to this floor surface structure S and the load span of the underground continuous wall 1 Is only for the height of the first basement floor, and economical safety can be ensured.

Next, the construction of the floor surface structure S'of the first basement is carried out in accordance with the construction of the floor surface structure S of the first floor, and the work is performed under the hoist rail 9 under the first floor structure S. Various work machines 3 are attached to the tip of the base machine 29 that is suspended freely on the ground.
3 is attached and detached, and it is constructed as shown in FIGS. That is, the ground 5 is used as a substitute for concrete formwork and support work.
Excavation, earth removal, installation of hoist rail 34, placing and leveling of discarded concrete 10, work cement-based formwork 11
Installation, reinforcement bar 13, 14 reinforcement, concrete C placement, and leveling work.

Further, interior work such as ceilings, walls, floors, and the like, construction work for construction equipment is also performed by various work machines 33. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the construction of the lower floor is possible because the complementary rail 28 can be locked and fixed on any floor by a locking tool, so that the lower rail can be constructed by hardening it one by one in exactly the same way as the first basement floor. The foundation 35 and the lowest floor of the building are constructed on the pile 2 as shown in 10, and the structure is completed. Next, unnecessary equipment such as the clam shell 22 for earthwork and the belt conveyor 23 is removed. After that, finishing work and repair of the openings 24 of the floor structures S and S'are carried out, and the temporary frame 20, the complementary rail 28 and the hoist 21 installed therein are removed, and the work is completed.

As described above, the earth support structure is used to support the earth pressure support horizontal structure as the floor structure S before excavation.
By attaching the horizontal work hoist rails 9 and 34 at the same time as the floor surface structure S and using the hoist rails from the ground excavation, it is possible to safely and accurately perform heavy object handling work in a narrow space. In the method shown in the above-mentioned embodiment, the ground excavation is performed for each required height of the floor slab and the beam in order to omit the support work (the above-mentioned reverse beam-cutting stage for beam cutting) when placing the concrete on the floor slab. By discarding concrete up to the required level, placing a cement-based driving form only on the part where irregularities need to be shaped to form a concrete mold, and arranging rebar there The problem is that the reverse beaming stage that also serves as a beam is omitted and it is supported by the earth pressure after underground excavation.

Further, a hoist rail for horizontal work is installed on the lower surface of the concrete portion, and a work machine suspended freely on the rail can immediately excavate the ground under the concrete floor surface. In addition, this overhead traveling work machine has a relatively lightweight function such that the reinforced concrete structure that it supports does not exceed the inherent strength of the building, and takes advantage of traveling on the hoist rails. The accuracy of control in the Z-axis direction is improved, enabling the excavation of the ground in a narrow forested space of temporary columns. Various work machines can be electrified using electric power as a power source. As a result, the above problems a) g) and b)
Is to solve the excavation function of.

Further, as a ceiling hanging machine, a large rotating brush machine for cleaning soil adhering to temporary columns, earth retaining walls, etc. A machine for transporting and assembling rebar, a machine and equipment for transporting and leveling concrete. Installation, piping, wiring installation, finishing, transporting and finishing finishing materials, etc. By running various intelligent machines that can perform a series of construction work as necessary, the above problems d) e) Can be resolved.

Further, various excavating machines and working machines can be supplied with electric power from a cable by simply reciprocating only a course determined by a horizontal hoist rail. Also, the earth and sand carrier can solve the above-mentioned problem (b) of the transport function and (g) the problem of occurrence of pollution. In addition, vertical transportation of excavated soil is detected by a depth sensor such as laser or ultrasonic wave, and the height of excavated soil that has been horizontally transported can be detected and automatically controlled and loaded onto a track on the ground by a clam shell. Measure It is also possible to increase the carry-out depth by using a telescopic bucket conveyor.

By combining the above means, it is possible to realize the mechanized construction of the reverse construction method.

[0021]

According to the present invention, in the method for constructing the underground part of the building by the upside down construction method, the ground is used as the formwork and the support work, the formwork support work is omitted, and the horizontal hoist rail is provided on the lower surface. By constructing a floor structure consisting of installed beams and floor slabs, and by making the same floor structure also serve as a horizontal structure for earth pressure support, a truss for earth pressure support becomes unnecessary, Since there is no need to refill or change the support position, the safety against earth pressure is improved, and since there is no beam in the middle, it is possible to effectively use the space, and also to install temporary materials,
Work for tidying up is eliminated, and mold demolding and tidying up of the floor structure are not necessary, and workability is improved.

Further, by using the overhead traveling machine suspended so that the traveling rail can travel freely, the construction accuracy can be improved, and the excavation of the ground which requires the accuracy and the horizontal transportation of the earth and sand for the heavy load transportation are separately performed. By making it a system, it is possible to maintain the yield strength of the floor structure and improve the excavation accuracy,
Further, by using the power of the earth and sand carrier traveling on the excavated ground surface as electric power, operability can be improved and generation of exhaust gas and noise can be prevented.

According to the present invention, mechanized construction can be carried out without largely changing the reverse striking method which is currently performed manually, labor is saved, the working environment is improved, and safety is ensured. Is.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a construction state of a pile portion of an embodiment of a method for constructing a building underground portion according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a construction completion situation of the first floor portion in the method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the relationship between the condition of the above-ground structure and the temporary equipment for underground construction in the method of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the construction status of the above-ground structure and the underground excavation work according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a loading state of an underground excavating machine according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view for explaining underground excavation work in the method of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing excavation of an underground portion, horizontal transportation of excavated soil, vertical discharge of soil, and loading on a truck in the method of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an operating state of the horizontal earth-sand transporting machine according to the method of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view for explaining a series of construction work of the underground portion in the method of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state in which underground construction according to the method of the present invention is almost completed.

FIG. 11 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a construction situation of a rail for working machine traveling of a floor structure in the method of the present invention.

12 is a view taken along the line EE in FIG.

FIG. 13 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a state of implementation of a conventional upside-down construction method.

FIG. 14 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the next step of FIG.

FIG. 15 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the next step of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 S Floor surface structure 1 Underground continuous wall 3 Structure true pillar 5 Ground 6 Floor slab 7 Beam 9 Hoist rail 16 Pillar 18 Working machine 21 Hoist 22 Clam shell 23 Belt conveyor 24 Opening 25 Hopper 26 Dump truck

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takahiro Maru 4-6-15 Sendagaya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo Fujita Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for constructing a basement of a building by a reverse construction method, in which a top floor composed of a beam and a floor slab, the top of the ground being used as a formwork and supporting work, and a rail for running a working machine being installed on the lower surface. While constructing a surface structure, the floor structure also serves as a horizontal structure for earth pressure support, and then by an overhead traveling type working machine suspended movably on the rail, the lower part of the floor structure is Excavating the ground to construct a floor structure that also serves as a horizontal support structure for the earth pressure on the lower floor, construct a substructure of the building, and repeat the above steps to construct multiple floors. A method of constructing an underground part of a building characterized by.