JP6043006B1 - Construction method of underground structure - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a construction method of an underground structure that can be constructed efficiently at a low cost while ensuring the horizontality of the underground structure with a simple method. A step of excavating the ground to form a mortar-shaped working hole 41, a step of forming a horizontal reference surface 42 at the periphery of the bottom of the working hole 41, and a bottom frame placed on the horizontal reference surface 42 11, a step of constructing a frame of the underground structure 10 on the bottom frame, and a step of backfilling the annular space 41 b of the work hole with the backfill 43. [Selection] Figure 3

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for constructing underground structures such as underground multistory bicycle parking lots, underground multistory parking lots, or hazardous substance burying facilities, and in particular, while excavating a direct base plate at the bottom of underground structures with a plurality of excavating devices. The present invention relates to a method for constructing an underground structure in which an intermediate structure is set.

The applicant previously proposed a self-propelled excavator for this type of application (Patent Documents 1 and 2).
The excavator includes a traveling body capable of traveling and a rotating cutter mounted on the traveling body.
A plurality of drilling devices are installed in the bottom frame of the underground structure so as to be reciprocally movable at intervals, and by excavating the base frame at the bottom of the underground structure by moving horizontally along the bottom frame all at once. However, it has a structure that can be discharged inward.
The rotary cutter can excavate beyond the width of the bottom frame or the thickness of the underground structure.

Referring to FIG. 6, it is known to maintain the level of the underground structure 10 by using a plurality of settlement control devices 20 arranged on the ground when the underground structure 10 is set (patent). References 3, 4).
The settlement control device 20 includes a rope 21 whose tip is connected to the housing of the underground structure 10, a winch 22 that winds the rope 21 around a feeding drum, and a post 23 that anchors the rope 21 via a plurality of pulleys. And a tension detecting means for the rope 21 and a control unit for controlling the winch 22 based on the detection information of the tension detecting means.
The ends of the ropes 21 extending from the plurality of winches 22 are connected to the housing of the underground structure 10, and the control unit controls the ropes 21 by the winches 22 so that the tension of the ropes 21 detected by the tension detecting means becomes equal. Control the feed amount.

Conventionally, the underground structure 10 is laid down through the following steps.
<1> Assembly of drilling facility a. Installation process of the settlement control device The foundation pile 24 is constructed at the planned installation position of the settlement control device 20, and the concrete foundation 25 is constructed on the ground surface side of the foundation pile 24.
A winch 22 is mounted on the concrete foundation 25 and a post 23 is erected.
b. Installation process of bottom frame In parallel with the set operation of the settlement control device 20, a bottom frame 11 made of steel such as H steel is arranged on the ground surface in accordance with the planar shape of the underground structure 10. Both ends of each steel material are joined to form the bottom frame 11 in a closed shape.
c. Assembling process of excavation apparatus A plurality of excavation apparatuses 30 are assembled to the bottom frame 11 at intervals.
A part of the ground is excavated in advance so that the rotary cutter 31 of the excavator 30 can be inserted below the bottom frame 11.
d. Construction process of underground structure Arrangement of reinforcing bars on the bottom frame 11, assembling the molds opposite to each other, placing concrete in the molds, and building the underground structure 10 with a height of about 2 to 3 m To do.
At this time, the ropes 21 drawn out from the plurality of settlement control devices 20 are buried in the underground structure 10 and connected.

<2> Repetition of Excavator and Expansion of Underground Structure The plurality of excavating devices 30 are reciprocated to excavate the direct foundation board of the underground structure 10.
The excavated earth and sand excavated inward of the underground structure 10 is repeatedly operated by using an excavating means such as a clam shell together with the excavated earth and sand of the inner ground of the underground structure 10.
Since the excavator 30 excavates beyond the width of the underground structure 10 so that the outer surface of the underground structure 10 and the hole wall are in a non-contact relationship, the underground structure 10 sinks due to its own weight. To do.
In parallel with or after the subsidence of the underground structure 10, an extension frame is added to the upper part of the underground structure 10.

<3> Automatic control process of excavation and subsidence When substituting the existing structure 10, based on the tension detection information of the rope 21, the tensions of the ropes 21 connected to a plurality of locations of the underground structure 10 are equalized. In addition, the control of the amount of the rope 21 fed in each winch 22 and the automatic control of the rotation direction, rotation speed, movement speed, rotation direction, etc. of the rotary cutter 31 by the excavator 30 are performed in parallel, so that the underground structure 10 Maintain the level of

<4> Filling process of fine-grained aggregate If necessary, the fine-grained aggregate is filled in the gap formed between the expanded and excavated hole wall and the outer wall surface of the underground structure. Reduce frictional resistance.

JP 2011-17161 A JP 2011-52484 A JP 2006-144387 A JP 2010-150811 A

The conventional underground construction technology has the following points to be improved.
<1> Not only is it necessary to provide a plurality of expensive settlement control devices 20, but also foundation piles 24 and concrete foundations 25 must be constructed to support the settlement control device 20, which increases the construction cost.
<2> If the level of the underground structure 10 is lost during subsidence, it is extremely difficult to correct the level. Therefore, in order to maintain the level of the underground structure 10, There is room for improvement in workability because the settlement speed must be kept low.
<3> In order to install the settlement control device 20 on the ground, a large installation space is required outside the underground structure 10, and construction cannot be performed at a site where the installation space cannot be secured.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and the object of the present invention is to be able to subsidize efficiently at low cost while maintaining a high level of underground structure by a simple method. The object is to provide a method for constructing a structure.

The present invention uses a plurality of excavating devices engaged with a bottom frame of a concrete underground structure having a closed shape so as to be capable of reciprocating, and the plurality of excavating devices reciprocate so that the bottom of the underground structure The underground structure is excavated by the process of excavating the underground ground of the ground, the process of discharging the excavated soil of the underground ground of the underground structure to the ground surface, and the process of extending the frame of the underground structure above the underground structure The construction method of the underground structure is a method of excavating the ground to form a mortar-shaped working hole larger than the underground structure, and forming a closed shape on the bottom peripheral ground of the working hole. A step of forming a horizontal reference surface to be presented; a step of mounting a bottom frame on the horizontal reference surface in the working hole and assembling it into a closed shape; and a first stage of an underground structure on the bottom frame in the working hole The process of constructing the housing and working holes inside and outside with underground structures A step of backfilling the outer annular space of the divided space with backfilling soil, and using the plurality of excavation devices to form a direct foundation board at the bottom of the underground structure using the horizontal reference surface as a drilling start surface. It is characterized by excavating evenly.
In another embodiment, the bottom frame has a continuous lower flange, and the weight of the underground structure is supported by the direct base plate at the bottom of the underground structure through the entire lower surface of the lower flange.
In another form, in parallel with the work of excavating the direct base plate at the bottom of the underground structure by the plurality of excavating devices engaged with the bottom frame, the inner ground of the underground structure is excavated and grounded. To earth.
In another embodiment, the plurality of excavating devices engaged with the bottom frame performs an extended excavation beyond the width of the underground structure, and a gap is formed between the expanded excavated hole wall and the outer wall of the underground structure. The underground structure is submerged while forming and insulating.
In another embodiment, the excavator includes a traveling body that is capable of self-propelling by engaging with a bottom frame, and a rotating cutter that is mounted on the traveling body so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis. Excavation of the direct foundation board at the bottom of the underground structure by running along the bottom frame.

The present invention has one of the following effects.
<1> An underground structure under subsidence can be obtained by a simple method in which a horizontal reference plane formed in advance at the bottom of the working hole is maintained as a reference plane for placing the underground structure. It is possible to efficiently sink at low cost while maintaining high levelness.
<2> In the present invention, since an underground structure can be sunk while maintaining high levelness, an expensive settlement control device used in the conventional construction method, a foundation pile or a concrete foundation for supporting it is not required at all.
Therefore, the construction period can be shortened and the construction cost can be greatly reduced.
<3> Since the extended excavation exceeding the frame thickness of the underground structure is possible, it is possible to insulate by forming a gap between the expanded excavated hole wall and the outer wall surface of the underground structure.
Therefore, the work of filling the fine aggregate in the gap to reduce the frictional resistance, which has been performed by the conventional method, can be omitted.
<4> Since the underground structure can be supported not only in the initial stage of subsidence but also in the subsidence, the weight of the subsurface structure can be evenly supported on the bottom base plate of the substructure by way of the entire bottom rail. The high levelness of underground structures can be maintained.
<5> Since the work hole is formed larger than the outer shape of the underground structure, the first stage underground structure such as rebar assembly, formwork assembly work, formwork disassembly work using the space of the work hole Construction work can be done smoothly and efficiently.

Longitudinal section of underground structure Vertical section of the bottom of underground structure It is explanatory drawing of the construction method of underground structure, (a) is explanatory drawing of the excavation process of a work hole, (b) is explanatory drawing of the installation work of a bottom frame, and construction work of underground structure, (c) is Explanatory drawing of backfilling work in annular space Expansion explanatory diagram of the installation work of the bottom frame Sectional view of the bottom of an underground structure with concrete cast in the formwork Explanatory drawing of the conventional method of building underground structures

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

<1> Underground structure Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the underground structure 10 is a concrete box whose horizontal cross-sectional shape is, for example, rectangular, polygonal, circular, elliptical, etc. The frame thickness and overall dimensions are appropriately selected according to the use of the underground structure 10.

<1.1> Bottom Frame A bottom frame 11 is located at the lower end of the underground structure 10, and the underground structure 10 is supported in contact with the ground via the bottom frame 11.
In this example, the case where the bottom frame 11 is formed of an H-shaped steel in which a pair of upper and lower flanges 12 and 13 are connected by a web 14 will be described. A structure in which is connected may be used.
The bottom frame 11 only needs to have a continuous lower flange 13, and a contact surface structure capable of supporting the weight of the underground structure 10 on the bottom base plate of the underground structure 10 through the entire lower surface of the lower flange 13. If it is.

<1.2> Ancillary Equipment for Bottom Frame A description will be given with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4. A pair of guide rails 15 and 15 for guiding the excavator 30 are opposed to each other on the inner inner surfaces of the upper and lower flanges 12 and 13. It is provided. A reaction force receiver 16 such as a linear gear for obtaining a self-propelled reaction force of the excavator 30 is continuously provided in the center of the inner inner surface of the web 14.

<2> Excavation Device A well-known device can be applied to the excavation device 30 that excavates the direct base plate of the underground structure 10.
Explaining about the excavator 30 illustrated in FIG. 2, the excavator 30 has a function of scraping and excavating the direct base plate at the lower end of the underground structure 10 and a function of discharging the excavated soil to the inside of the underground structure 10. This is a self-propelled device.
The excavator 30 includes a traveling body 35 that can travel while being engaged with the guide rails 15, 15 of the lower end portion 21 of the underground structure 10, traveling means of the traveling body 35, and a rotary cutter 31 mounted on the traveling body 35. And a rotating means of the rotary cutter 31.

<2.1> Traveling Body The traveling body 35 is a horizontal frame that is moored to the bottom frame 11 in a state where the rotary cutter 31 is mounted.
The traveling body 35 includes a plurality of idling rollers 36 and can be engaged with the guide rails 15 and 15 via the idling rollers 36.
The traveling body 35 includes a drive source 32 such as a motor and a gear-shaped traveling wheel 33.
The traveling wheel 33 is engaged with the reaction force receiving member 16 of the bottom frame 11, and the excavator 30 is moved to the bottom frame 11 by the forward and reverse rotation of the traveling wheel 33 when driven by the drive source 32 mounted on the traveling body 35. Along the way.

<2.2> Rotating Cutter The rotating cutter 31 includes a rotating shaft 31a that supports at least the traveling body 35 in the longitudinal direction and is pivotally supported, and a plate-like horizontal rotor 31b disposed on the rotating shaft. A plurality of excavation bits are provided on the lower surface and the tip of 31b.
The rotary cutter 31 rotates in the forward and reverse directions by receiving the rotation of a drive source 34 such as a motor mounted on the traveling body 35.
The rotary cutter 31 can perform an extended excavation beyond the width of the underground structure 10 by changing its excavation radius.

<2.3> Operation Control of Excavator A plurality of excavators 30 can be controlled so as to evenly excavate the direct base plate at the bottom of the underground structure 10.
The uniform excavation is to excavate by moving a plurality of excavating devices 30 so that the underground structure 10 can be kept in a good level.
Specifically, when the planar shape of the underground structure 10 is a rectangle, the excavator 30 arranged on the long side and the excavator 30 arranged on the short side start excavating from the starting point position at the same time, It is operating each excavator 30 so that a turning point may be reached at the same time.
The operation of each excavator 30 can be either automatic control or main operation.

[Construction method of underground structure]
Next, a construction method of the underground structure 10 will be described.

<1> Opening Work and Formation of Reference Horizontal Surface With reference to FIG. 3A, the ground 40 scheduled to sink the underground structure 10 is cut to form a mortar-shaped work hole 41.
The working hole 41 has a dimensional relationship in which the lateral width L ₁ of the ground portion is larger than the lateral width L ₂ of the bottom portion, and the lateral width L ₂ of the bottom portion of the working hole 41 is larger than the lateral width L ₃ of the underground structure 10. .
The depth H of the work hole 41 is sufficient if it is about one span of the underground structure 10 (about 3 to 6 m).
When forming the work hole 41, the peripheral ground at the bottom of the work hole 41 is leveled horizontally to form a horizontal reference surface 42 that exhibits a continuous closed shape.
Since the horizontal reference surface 42 is an excavation start surface when the bottom frame 11 is landed and the underground structure 10 is laid down, it is important that the horizontal reference surface 42 be sufficiently compacted and finished with high accuracy.

<2> Assembly of Bottom Frame Referring to FIGS. 3A and 4, a steel material such as H steel is suspended in the work hole 41 and the bottom frame 11 is assembled in a closed shape on the horizontal reference plane 42. .
When placing on the horizontal reference plane 42, the bottom frame 11 is assembled while confirming the horizontal level of each steel material.
The continuous horizontal reference surface 42 is formed with high horizontal accuracy over the entire length thereof, and the horizontal reference surface 42 is in surface contact with the lower flange 13 to support the weight of the bottom frame 11 evenly distributed. As a result, the bottom frame 11 can maintain high levelness.

<3> Assembling the Excavator Referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3B, in the work hole 41, a plurality of excavators 30 are assembled to the horizontally installed bottom frame 11 at intervals.
Each excavator 30 is assembled inside the bottom frame 11.

<4> Construction of underground structure With reference to FIG.3 (b) and FIG. 5, the construction process for 1 span (about 5-6m in height) of the underground structure 10 is demonstrated. The rebar 50 is assembled on the upper flange 12 of the bottom frame 11 and the mold 51 is assembled opposite to each other.

When the assembly of the mold 51 over the entire length of the bottom frame 11 is completed, the concrete 53 is uniformly filled into the mold 51 from a plurality of locations.
Placing the concrete 53 increases the loading load on the bottom frame 11, but the continuous lower flange 13 of the bottom frame 11 is in contact with the continuous horizontal reference surface 42, so that the loading load is evenly distributed. The bottom frame 11 can maintain high levelness.
The mold 51 is dismantled and removed after the concrete 53 is cured.
Since the work hole 41 is formed larger than the outer shape of the underground structure 10, a series of operations such as assembling the reinforcing bars 50, assembling the mold 51, and disassembling the mold 51 can be performed smoothly and efficiently.

<5> Backfilling of the annular space As shown in FIG. 3C, the space of the work hole 41 is divided into the inside and outside with the underground structure 10 interposed therebetween, and the internal space 41a of the underground structure 10; An annular space 41b outside the underground structure 10 is formed.
The backfill soil 43 is thrown into the entire area of the annular space 41b and backfilled to the surface level.

<6> Self-weight subsidence of underground structure Explaining with reference to FIG. 1, the excavation work of the direct ground base of the bottom rail 11 using a plurality of excavating devices 30 and the excavation of the inner ground 43 of the underground structure 10 By repeatedly performing the soil removal work, the underground structure 10 sinks due to its own weight.

<6.1> Equivalent Excavation by Excavator Each excavator 30 starts equal excavation of the continuous horizontal reference plane 42 shown in FIG. 5 while repeating reciprocating movement along the bottom rail 11. The excavated earth and sand are discharged into the internal space 41 a of the underground structure 10.
In this way, since the plurality of excavating devices 30 excavate the direct base board at the bottom of the underground structure 10 evenly, the underground structure 10 sinks with its own weight while maintaining good horizontality at the beginning of the sinking.
At the beginning of subsidence, although the earth pressure by the backfilling soil 43 acts on the outer peripheral surface of the underground structure 10, the weight of the underground structure 10 is superior to the earth pressure. There is no obstacle to the sinking of the object 10.
The backfill soil 43 in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the underground structure 10 is greatly useful for preventing lateral movement and inclination of the entire underground structure 10 in the initial stage of the installation of the underground structure 10.
In other words, the backfill soil 43 greatly contributes to the settlement of the underground structure 10 that maintains high levelness.
In the conventional construction method, a fine aggregate for reducing frictional resistance is filled in the gap 44 formed between the expanded and excavated hole wall and the outer wall surface of the underground structure 10.
The excavator 30 excavates the direct base board beyond the width of the underground structure 10, thereby forming a gap 44 between the expanded excavated hole wall and the outer wall surface of the underground structure 10 to form an insulating structure. Therefore, in this construction method, the work of filling the fine aggregate in the gap 44 is unnecessary.

<6.2> Excavation of inner ground and discharge of earth and sand The inner ground 43 of the underground structure 10 is excavated using a known excavator material.
Here, in order to improve the soil removal performance of the excavator 30, an annular groove is excavated in the vicinity of the underground structure 10 along the underground structure 10. That is, when excavating with the excavator 30, it is desirable to excavate the annular groove in advance so that the groove bottom is positioned below the direct base plate at the bottom of the underground structure 10.
The excavated earth and sand inside the underground structure 10 is discharged to the ground by a known earth discharging means such as a clamshell bucket 44, conveyor conveyance, and a dump truck.

<6.3> Extension of underground structure In parallel with or after the subsidence of the underground structure 10, a frame is added to the upper part of the underground structure 10 and extended.
The slab 17 is constructed horizontally inside the underground structure 10 as necessary.
When the slab 17 is formed, an opening 17a may be provided in a part of the slab 17, and the soil may be discharged to the ground through the opening 17a.
The slab 17 is used as an installation floor for the power generation equipment 18 for supplying power to the excavator 30.

<6.4> Removal of Excavator Once the underground structure 10 is laid down to a predetermined depth, the excavator 30 is removed from the bottom frame 11. The removed excavator 30 is reused.
The underground structure 10 is used for various purposes by constructing a slab at its bottom.

<7> About the horizontality of the underground structure The extension load of the bottom rail 11 increases with the extension of the frame of the underground structure 10, but in the present invention, the horizontality of the underground structure 10 is as follows. It can be sunk while maintaining.
Since the ratio of the area occupied by the excavator 30 with respect to the total length of the bottom rail 11 is very small, the weight of the underground structure 10 is evenly distributed over the entire length of the bottom rail 11 on a straight base plate that maintains horizontality. Supported by
Therefore, the own weight of the underground structure 10 does not directly act on the excavation device 30, and the excavation device 30 can efficiently excavate the straight foundation board that is firmly compacted by the own weight of the underground structure 10.
In this way, since the underground structure 10 can be submerged while maintaining high level in this construction method, the expensive settlement control device used in the conventional construction method, the foundation pile that supports this, and the concrete foundation are not required at all. Shortening the construction period and drastically reducing the construction cost can be realized.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Underground structure 11 ... Bottom frame 20 ... Subsidence control device 30 ... Excavation device 31 ... Rotary cutter 40 ... Ground 41... Work hole 41 a... Internal space 41 b... Annular space 42.

Claims (5)

Using a plurality of excavators that are reciprocally engaged with the bottom frame of a concrete underground structure that has a closed shape, and the plurality of excavators reciprocate, the direct foundation board at the bottom of the underground structure Substituting the underground structure by a process of excavation, a process of discharging excavated earth and sand from the inner ground of the underground structure to the ground surface, and a process of extending the frame of the underground structure above the underground structure, A method for constructing underground structures,
Excavating the ground to form a mortar-shaped work hole larger than the underground structure,
Forming a horizontal reference surface having a closed shape on the bottom peripheral ground of the working hole;
Placing the bottom frame on a horizontal reference surface in the working hole and assembling it into a closed shape; and
Building a first stage housing of an underground structure on the bottom frame in the working hole;
And backfilling the outer annular space of the space divided into two inside and outside by the underground structure with backfill soil,
The horizontal base plane is used as an excavation start surface, and a plurality of excavation devices are used to excavate the direct baseboard at the bottom of the underground structure evenly.
Construction method of underground structures.   The bottom frame has a continuous lower flange, and the weight of the underground structure is supported by the direct base board at the bottom of the underground structure through the entire lower surface of the lower flange. The construction method of the underground structure described.   In parallel with the work of excavating the direct base plate at the bottom of the underground structure evenly by the plurality of excavating devices engaged with the bottom frame, excavating the inner ground of the underground structure and discharging it to the ground The construction method of the underground structure of Claim 1 characterized by these.   A plurality of excavators engaged with the bottom frame perform extended excavation beyond the width of the underground structure and form a gap between the expanded excavated hole wall and the outer wall of the underground structure for insulation. The method for constructing an underground structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the underground structure is submerged.   The excavator includes a traveling body that is capable of self-propelling by engaging with a bottom frame, and a rotating cutter that is mounted on the traveling body so as to be rotatable about a vertical axis, and the rotation of the rotating cutter and the bottom frame. The construction method for an underground structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a direct foundation board at the bottom of the underground structure is excavated by traveling.

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