JP2002121744A - Excavation device for caisson - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an excavation device for caisson for safely and efficiently excavating the ground just under the cutting edge of a caisson. SOLUTION: An excavator is set under the cutting edge of the caisson. The excavator comprises a traveling body reciprocating along the cutting edge of the caisson. A cutter for excavating the ground under the cutting edge and a traveling device for reciprocating the traveling body are mounted on the traveling body, and the traveling device moves the traveling body in cooperation with a reaction receiver fixed to the caisson.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a caisson excavator for excavating a base plate directly at a cutting edge of various caissons.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, a caisson excavates and sinks the inside of a caisson using a heavy excavating machine such as a backhoe disposed in the caisson or a clamshell bucket disposed on the ground side.

[0003]

Until now, workers have been digging by hand or using a backhoe etc. near the caisson blade. However, the caisson blade bulges near the blade. Workers are likely to be at risk. Also,
The caisson must be sunk while maintaining verticality and horizontality.
Not only is subsidence incapable, but repair is also very costly and time consuming. Conventionally, in order to maintain the verticality and horizontality of the caisson, an extra layer of water was used between the caisson and the ground, or an insulating layer such as a sheet, so that the outer periphery of the caisson was extra Measures, such as excavating the caisson or concentrating the load on the caisson where the sinking is slow, requires a large amount of cost for the auxiliary equipment for maintaining the vertical and horizontal caisson. Instead, its operation requires a high degree of skill. In summary, the above-described related art has the following problems. <A> Workers who dig below the caisson blade are likely to be at risk. <B> In order to make the caisson's peripheral frictional resistance uniform,
Extra drilling outside the caisson is required. <C> To sink the caisson horizontally requires a high degree of skill.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems. The object of the present invention is to excavate the ground directly below the caisson blade safely and efficiently, An object of the present invention is to provide a caisson excavator capable of horizontally sinking a caisson without requiring any technology.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, a caisson excavator according to the present invention is a caisson excavator for excavating a groundwork directly under a blade of a caisson. A traveling body that reciprocates is installed, and an excavator that excavates below the cutting edge and a traveling device that reciprocates the traveling body are mounted on the traveling body, and the traveling device includes a reaction force receiver fixed to a caisson. A caisson excavator characterized by cooperating to move a traveling body. Furthermore, in the caisson excavator of the present invention, in the above caisson excavator, the drive source for driving the excavator and the drive source for driving the traveling device are fixed to the traveling body and arranged inside the caisson. A caisson drilling rig characterized by the following:
Further, in the caisson excavator of the present invention, the reaction force receiver cooperating with the traveling device is fixed inside the caisson, and the reaction force receiver has a function of preventing the traveling body from moving outside the caisson. A caisson drilling rig characterized by the following:

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the caisson excavator of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

<A> Overall Configuration FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention. In addition,
2 and 3 illustrate a state in which some of the covers are removed to explain the structure. The caisson excavator 1
It is installed below the cutting edge 3 of the caisson 2 and includes a traveling body 4, an excavator 5, and a traveling device 6.

<B> Caisson The caisson 2 is a well-known box type such as an open type or a bottomed type, and its horizontal cross-sectional shape is rectangular, polygonal, circular, elliptical or the like. The conventional caisson forms the cutting edge sharply,
In the present invention, the lower end surface of the blade 3 of the caisson 2 is formed in a horizontal plane. The lower end of the blade 3 is covered with a steel plate 7 having a U-shaped cross section, and a reaction force receiver 8 of the traveling device 6 is fixed to the surface of the steel plate 7 on the inner surface side of the caisson 2. The reaction force receiver 8 uses a ladder, a chain, a gear device rack, a rail, or the like having a round bar shape in accordance with the type of the driving wheel 25 of the traveling device 6 that cooperates.

<C> Traveling body The traveling body 4 is manufactured by combining thick steel plates, shaped steels, and the like.
A roller 9 is disposed on the upper surface of a portion of the traveling body 4 directly below the blade 3 of the caisson 2 as a friction reducing means between the caisson 2 and the traveling body 4. The roller 9 has a rotating shaft perpendicular to the reciprocating direction of the caisson excavator, and is rotatably supported by a bearing 10 fixed to the traveling body 4. Instead of the roller 9, it is also possible to arrange a wear-resistant material such as a fluororesin. The lower end surface of the steel plate 7 that covers the blade 3 of the caisson 2 abuts on the roller 9. On the outside of the caisson 2 of the traveling body 4, a guide support 11 perpendicular to the traveling body 4 is provided.
And a guide tool 12 is provided at a position of the guide tool support 11 facing the steel plate 7 of the caisson 2. A plate, a roller, or the like is used for the guide 12.

<D> Excavator The excavator 5 includes a rotary cutter 13 as an excavating means, an earth discharging screw 14, a driving source 15 as a driving means, and a power transmission device 16.

The rotary cutter 13 is located below the traveling body 4, and at least one of each is provided at both ends of the traveling body 4 in the reciprocating direction.
Arrange the base. The rotary cutter 13 is rotatably supported by bearings 17 and 18 fixed to the traveling body 4,
Is perpendicular to the reciprocating direction of the traveling body 4. Rotary cutter 1
3, a rotary blade 20 for excavating just below the outer surface of the caisson 2 is provided at a tip end outside the caisson 2, and a bearing 17 supporting one end of the rotary cutter 13 is disposed inside the rotary blade 20. Between the bearing 17 and the bearing 18 supporting the other end of the rotary cutter 13, a screw-shaped rotary blade 21 for excavating immediately below the blade port 3 is arranged. The bearing 18 is fixed to a protective box 22 fixed to the traveling body 4. When the horizontal cross-sectional shape of the caisson is polygonal, the outer edge of the rotary blade 21 of the rotary cutter 13 is at least as thick as the edge of the adjacent side from the end of the traveling device 6 in the moving direction of the traveling body 4. Protrude and provide.
The driving force of the rotary cutter 13 is provided from a driving source 15 via a power transmission device 16.

A screw-shaped screw 14 for discharging earth and sand excavated by the rotary cutter 13 is provided adjacent to the inside of the rotary cutter 13. The earth discharging screw 14 has a rotating shaft parallel to the rotating cutter 13, and is rotatably supported by a bearing fixed below the traveling body 4. On both sides, the lower side of the screw 14 for earth discharging rotates toward the center of the traveling body, and the twisting direction of the screw 14 for earth discharging on both sides is reversed. A passage 27 for discharging earth and sand into the caisson 2 is provided between the soil discharging screws 14 on both sides. The driving force of the screw 14 is given from the rotary cutter 13 via a gear, a belt, a chain or the like. In addition, it is also possible to make the rotation direction, the torsion direction, and the screw pitch of one of the earth discharging screw 14 and the rotary blade 21 of the rotary cutter 13 the same, and arrange the earth discharging screw 14 and a part of the rotary cutter 13 in an overlapping manner. It is.

The drive source 15 uses an electric motor, a heat engine, a hydraulic motor, or the like, which is fixed inside the caisson 2 and above the traveling body 4. When a hydraulic motor is used, it is not necessary to fix a pair of hydraulic pumps to the traveling body 4. The power transmission device 16 includes a gear, a rotating shaft, a chain, a belt, a hydraulic device, and the like supported by the traveling body 4, and transmits the driving force of the drive source 15 on the upper side of the traveling body 4 to the lower side of the traveling body 4. Rotary cutter 1
3 A part of the power transmitted to the rotary cutter 13 is transmitted to the earth discharging screw 14 using a gear, a rotating shaft, a chain, a belt, a hydraulic device, or the like. The power transmission device 16 is surrounded by protective boxes 22 and 28 fixed to the traveling body 4 in order to avoid wear due to excavated earth and sand.

<E> Traveling device The traveling device 6 includes a driving source 23, a power transmission device 24, a driving wheel 25 cooperating with a reaction force receiving member 8 provided on the caisson 2,
It comprises an idler wheel 26. The driving source 23 uses an electric motor, a heat engine, a hydraulic motor, or the like fixed on the traveling body 4 inside the caisson 2, and uses a motor that can reverse, or transmits power when the motor cannot reverse. Use with the device capable of changing the direction of rotation. The power transmission device 24 is a caisson 2
A gear, a rotating shaft, a chain, a belt, a hydraulic device, and the like are supported on the traveling body 4 inside the vehicle. The drive wheel 25 is composed of a sprocket, a gear, a friction wheel, or the like rotatably supported by the traveling body 4, and travels with the traveling body 4 in cooperation with the reaction force receiving device 8 installed inside the caisson 2. The equipment mounted on the body 4 is reciprocated along the blade 3 of the caisson 2.
As the driving wheel 25, a sprocket is used when the reaction force receiving member 8 is a ladder or a chain having a round bar, a pinion or worm gear when the rack is a rack, and a friction wheel when a rail is used. It is desirable that the driving wheel 25 and the reaction force receiving member 8 be combined so as to operate without slipping each other. Further, since it is very difficult to make the height of the driving wheel 25 and the reaction force receiving member 8 coincide from the lower end face of the blade 3 of the caisson 2, it is preferable that the driving wheel 25 and the reaction force receiving member 8 have a structure capable of moving up and down relatively. From these viewpoints, the combination of the reaction force receiving member 8 and the driving wheel 25 is preferably a ladder or chain and a sprocket, or a rack and a pinion or a worm gear having a round bar shape. The idler wheel 26 is one or a plurality of sprockets, gears, friction wheels, and the like rotatably supported on the upper side of the traveling body 4 inside the caisson, transmits no driving force, and cooperates with the reaction force receiving member 8. To keep the vehicle 4 parallel to the caisson 2. The idler wheel 26 may simply be a roller that comes into contact with the steel plate 7 inside the cutting edge 3. It is also possible to provide a plurality of drive wheels 25 and omit the idle wheels 26.

<F> Operation In this embodiment, the driving source 15 of the excavator 5 has the above-described configuration.
When the is operated, the rotary cutter 13 rotates via the power transmission device 16 and at the same time the earth discharging screw 14 also rotates. The rotary blade 21 of the rotary cutter 13 excavates the ground immediately below the cutting edge of the caisson 2 to sink the caisson 2, and the rotary blade 20 excavates the ground outside the caisson 2 when the caisson 2 sinks. The friction between the outside of the caisson 2 and the ground is reduced. Rotary cutter 13, earth removal screw 14
Both rotate in the direction in which the lower side goes to the center of the traveling body 4,
The excavated earth and sand is collected in the central passage 27 of the traveling body 4, avoiding the protective box 22. Further, since the twisting directions of the earth discharging screws 14 on both sides are reversed, the earth and sand collected in the central passage 27 is discharged to the inside of the caisson 2. The discharged earth and sand is carried out of the caisson 2 by the same or another appropriate means for digging the inside of the caisson 2. One side, rotating cutter 13 and earth removal screw 14
Are rotated in the same direction, so that the rotating blade 21 of the rotating cutter 13 and the rotating blade of the earth discharging screw 14 have the same pitch and the same torsion direction, and are arranged close to each other until the rotating blades overlap. Excavator 5
Can be reduced in size.

When the excavation just below the rotary cutter 13 is completed, the drive source 23 of the traveling device 6 is operated to move the rotary cutter 13. When the drive source 23 operates, the drive wheels 25 rotate via the power transmission device 24, and the reaction force receiver 8
Cooperate with the caisson 2 to generate a force for moving the traveling body 4. Since the reaction force receiving member 8 and the driving wheel 25 operate without slipping with each other, the relative position of the caisson 2 and the traveling body 4,
That is, the excavation position of the rotary cutter can be accurately and quickly selected, and the working speed is improved. When the traveling body 4 moves,
The rotary cutter 13 excavates the ground below the position after the movement, and the earth discharging screw 13
Drain into. By repeating this operation, the caisson 2 is settled by excavating just below the cutting edge of the caisson 2 and the outside of the caisson 2. This work is performed by moving the traveling body 4 and rotating the cutter 1.
There is no need to divide the three excavation operations, and excavation can be performed while moving. If caisson 2 is a polygon,
When the traveling body 4 reaches one end of the polygon, the driving wheels 25
, And excavating just below the cutting edge of the caisson 2 and the outside of the caisson 2 while moving in the opposite direction. At this time,
Since the outer edge of the rotary cutter 13 protrudes from the end of the idler wheel 26 of the traveling device 6 by at least the thickness of the blade 3 of the caisson 2 in the moving direction of the traveling body 4, the excavator 5
Can be excavated below the cutting edge 3 on the adjacent side of the side where the is installed, and if combined with the excavator provided below the cutting edge on the adjacent side, the bottom of the cutting edge will not be left Can be drilled.

Since the weight of the caisson 2 applied to the traveling body 4 is supported via the rollers 9, the frictional force acting between the caisson 2 and the traveling body 4 is only the frictional force of the rollers 9, and the traveling body 4 is moved. The driving force required for the driving can be reduced.
In addition, since the weight of the caisson 2 is actually supported by the unexcavated ground, when the weight applied to the traveling body 4 is excessive and the driving force required for moving the traveling body is large, the rotating cutter is operated to travel. It is also possible to lower the body 4 and reduce the weight on the traveling body 4. Therefore, depending on the selection of the excavation order below the caisson 2, the roller 9 can be replaced with a simple friction reducing means such as resin. When the traveling body 4 is lowered, the blade 3 of the caisson 2 of the drive wheel 25 is used.
Since the height from the lower end surface of the drive wheel 25 may change, it is preferable that the driving wheel 25 and the reaction force receiving member 8 have a structure that can be relatively moved up and down. Therefore, the combination of the reaction force receiving member 8 and the driving wheel 25 is desirably a ladder or chain and a sprocket, or a rack and a pinion or a worm gear having a round bar.

The force acting in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction of the traveling body 4 due to the friction with the earth and sand and the contact between the driving wheel 25 and the reaction force receiving member 8 are generated by the driving wheel 25, the idle wheel 26 and the guide 12. Take it. However, when the screw 14 for discharging is activated,
The reaction of discharging the earth and sand into the caisson 2 generates a force for moving the traveling body 4 outward from the caisson 2.
The force on 2 is reduced. Therefore, the guide support 11
And the guide 12 can be made into a simple plate shape with reduced strength,
The protrusion outside the caisson can be reduced. Furthermore, since the traveling device 6 and the reaction force receiving device 8 can be arranged inside the caisson 2, the only part of the caisson excavator traveling outside the caisson 2 is the guide support 11 and the guide 12. There is an advantage that the amount of excavation outside the caisson 2 can be reduced by the rotary blade 20. On the other hand, the reaction of discharging the earth and sand into the caisson 2 increases the force pressing the drive wheel 25 and the idler wheel 26 against the reaction force receiving member 8, so that the drive wheel 25 and the idler wheel 26 rise from the reaction force receiver 8. To prevent
The traveling body 4 can be moved smoothly and reliably.

As described above, since the excavation work can be performed only by the excavator 1, the worker does not need to approach the vicinity of the blade 3 of the caisson 2 and the work can be safely advanced. In addition, since the outside of the caisson 2 can be excavated by the rotary blade 20, the friction between the outer surface of the caisson 2 and the ground can be reduced, and the caisson 2 can be sunk horizontally without requiring a high level of skill.

[0020]

Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment shown in FIG. 4 will be described. Note that FIG. 4 is illustrated with a part of the covers removed to explain the structure. In the second embodiment, the rotary cutter 13 and the earth discharging screw 14
This is a caisson excavator in which the upper end of the rotary cutter 13 and the upper end of the earth discharging screw 14 are put on the running body 4 by shifting the upper end of the roller 9 so that the position of the roller 9 does not overlap. In this configuration, the traveling device 6, the drive source 15 of the excavator and the power transmission device 16 are further arranged at a portion of the traveling body 4 protruding inside the caisson 2. The height of the portion below the mouth 3 can be made as high as the diameter of the rotary cutter 13 or the screw 14 for discharging the earth, and there is an advantage that the amount of excavation under the blade 3 can be reduced. .

[0021]

According to the present invention, as described above, the following effects can be obtained. <a> The ground directly below the caisson blade can be safely and efficiently excavated. <B> The amount of excavation outside the caisson can be reduced. <C> The caisson can be sunk horizontally without requiring a high level of skill.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an attached state of a caisson excavator to a caisson viewed obliquely from below.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing the structure of the caisson excavator according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a rear view of FIG. 2 viewed from the inside of the caisson.

FIG. 4 is a rear view showing the structure of the caisson excavator according to the second embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 excavator 2 caisson 3 blade 4 running body 5 excavator 6 running device 7 steel plate 8 reaction force receiver 9 roller 10 bearing 11 guide support 12 guide 13 rotary cutter 14 screw for earth removal 15 drive source 16 power transmission Device 17 Bearing 18 Bearing 19 Rotary shaft 20 Rotary blade 21 Rotary blade 22 Protective box 23 Drive source 24 Power transmission device 25 Drive wheel 26 Induction wheel 27 Passage 28 Protective box

Claims (6)

[Claims] An excavator for a caisson for excavating a groundwork directly under a cutting edge of a caisson, comprising: a traveling body that reciprocates along the cutting edge; and an excavator that excavates below the cutting edge on the traveling body. An excavator for a caisson, wherein a traveling device for reciprocating a traveling body is mounted, and the traveling device cooperates with a reaction force receiver fixed to the caisson to move the traveling body. 2. A caisson excavator according to claim 1,
A caisson excavator, wherein a drive source for driving an excavator and a drive source for driving a traveling device are fixed to a traveling body and arranged inside a caisson. 3. A caisson excavator according to claim 1, wherein a reaction force receiving member cooperating with the traveling device is fixed inside the caisson, and the reaction force receiving member is located outside the caisson of the traveling body. An excavator for a caisson, characterized by having a function of preventing movement of the caisson. 4. A caisson excavator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a friction reducing means is provided between a lower surface of the caisson blade and a traveling body disposed below the blade. Drilling rig for caisson, characterized by: 5. An excavator for a caisson according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the excavator comprises: a rotary cutter having a rotary axis orthogonal to a reciprocating direction of the traveling body; An excavator for a caisson, comprising a rotating earth discharging screw and a driving means for both, and configured to discharge excavated material into a caisson. 6. A caisson excavator according to claim 5,
An excavator for a caisson, characterized in that a rotary blade of a rotary cutter and a screw for discharging the earth are formed in a screw shape, and at least a portion where the both overlap is twisted at the same pitch and in the same direction.