CN111287194A - Recyclable foundation pit supporting structure using inclined steel sheet piles and supporting method thereof - Google Patents

Recyclable foundation pit supporting structure using inclined steel sheet piles and supporting method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111287194A
CN111287194A CN202010102565.6A CN202010102565A CN111287194A CN 111287194 A CN111287194 A CN 111287194A CN 202010102565 A CN202010102565 A CN 202010102565A CN 111287194 A CN111287194 A CN 111287194A
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pile
steel sheet
piles
foundation pit
steel
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周海祚
郑刚
郭知一
何晓佩
王恩钰
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/02Foundation pits
    • E02D17/04Bordering surfacing or stiffening the sides of foundation pits

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  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a recoverable foundation pit supporting structure utilizing inclined steel sheet piles, which comprises steel sheet supporting row piles, wherein the steel sheet supporting row piles comprise a plurality of steel sheet piles inserted into a soil body, each steel sheet pile comprises a pile body, one end, positioned in the soil body, of each pile body on each steel sheet pile is a pile tip, the other end of each steel sheet pile is a pile tail, each steel sheet pile is composed of a trapezoid-shaped groove steel, locking notches are arranged on two sides of each steel sheet pile in the width direction, and adjacent steel sheet piles are connected in an occluded manner through the locking notches; the pile tails of all the steel sheet piles are fixed with the crown beam; all the steel sheet piles are inserted into the soil body and inclined towards the inner side of the foundation pit along the gravity direction. The foundation pit supporting effect can be improved, and the method is better suitable for supporting ultra-deep and ultra-large foundation pits in soft soil areas. The invention has simple construction and short construction period; the steel sheet pile can provide necessary safety, is not limited by weather conditions, can reduce the requirement on space and has good interchangeability; after the steel sheet pile is used, the steel sheet pile can be recycled, and the capital is saved.

Description

Recyclable foundation pit supporting structure using inclined steel sheet piles and supporting method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building foundation pits, in particular to a foundation pit supporting method by utilizing recyclable inclined steel sheet piles.
Background
The pile row support is one of the most widely applied foundation pit support forms in China at present. Compared with the underground continuous wall, the pile row structure has the advantages of simple construction process, low cost, flexible planar arrangement and the like. The row-type support with spaced piles is suitable for the condition of no underground water or the condition of allowing precipitation outside a pit, and can also be used for the weak water-bearing stratum when a waterproof curtain is arranged or a side-by-side continuous wall body is formed by the waterproof curtain and other mixed piles.
The row piles adopted at present are vertical piles, and the row piles have a plurality of defects when foundation pit supporting is carried out, so that the application of the row piles is influenced. Firstly, the pile top displacement of the same excavation depth is large, the internal force is large, the ground behind the pile is greatly deformed, and the surrounding environment is endangered. Secondly, when the strength of the pile is not enough, the slope protection pile is easy to break, so that the foundation pit is unstable. Thirdly, the vertical row piles are adopted to ensure that the possible excavation depth of the foundation pit is smaller, and when the excavation depth is larger, the row piles are easy to overturn and damage, so that the supporting structure needs larger section and insertion depth.
Compared with a precast concrete pile, the steel sheet pile adopted for foundation pit supporting has the following advantages: the steel sheet pile is simple to construct and short in construction period; for construction tasks, the requirement on space can be reduced; the steel sheet pile can be reused after being used. Can be recycled and reused, and saves the capital.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a recoverable foundation pit supporting structure using inclined steel sheet piles and a supporting method thereof, which are suitable for foundation pit supporting engineering which uses single-row inclined piles to support foundation pits and expects recycling of the piles to reduce the manufacturing cost. The invention has simple construction, short construction period and saved funds.
In order to solve the technical problem, the recoverable foundation pit supporting structure utilizing the inclined steel sheet piles comprises steel sheet supporting row piles, wherein the steel sheet supporting row piles comprise a plurality of steel sheet piles inserted into a soil body, each steel sheet pile comprises a pile body, pile tips are arranged at one end, positioned in the soil body, of the pile body on each steel sheet pile, pile tails are arranged at the other end of the pile body, each steel sheet pile is composed of trapezoidal channel steel, locking notches are formed in two sides in the width direction of each steel sheet pile, adjacent steel sheet piles are connected in an occluded mode through the locking notches, the pile tails of all the steel sheet piles are fixed with crown beams, all the steel sheet piles are inserted into the soil body and inclined with the gravity direction, the inclination angle is α and is 0-30 degrees, but 0 degree is not included, and therefore the steel sheet pile supporting row piles are inclined towards the inner side of.
Further, the inclination angle is preferably α of 15 ° to 20 °.
The length of steel sheet pile along treating digging foundation ditch border direction is L, the steel sheet pile is along treating digging foundation ditch border direction's pile interval for H, H2 ~ 2.5L.
The cross section of the crown beam is a square with the side length of A, and A is more than 0.6L.
The cross section of the crown beam is rectangular, the long side of the rectangle is B, the short side of the rectangle is C, the trend of the short side C is coincident with the gravity direction, and B is more than 0.6L.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides a supporting method of the recoverable foundation pit supporting structure by utilizing the inclined steel sheet piles, which comprises the following steps:
step one, according to site conditions and calculation and analysis, determining that the inclination angle α of the steel plate supporting row pile is 0-30 degrees but not 0 degree, and selecting the length and the pile body strength of the steel plate pile;
step two, digging a groove;
step three, oblique row pile construction, adopting a single-pile one-by-one driving method to drive steel sheet piles, comprising the following steps:
1) sealing a groove opening at the pile tip before the steel sheet pile is driven, and coating grease or other grease at a lock opening;
2) measuring, positioning and paying off: paying out the axis of the enclosure of the steel sheet pile, arranging guide piles at intervals, directly using the steel sheet pile as the guide pile, then hanging a rope line as a lead, and controlling the axis of the steel sheet pile by using the lead during pile driving;
3) the method comprises the following steps of (1) sending a pile, namely, hoisting a steel sheet pile by using an inclined pile static pressure machine, manually righting the steel sheet pile to be in place, controlling a pile body according to the inclination angle determined in the step one, calculating a pile line, an earth penetration line and a counterpoint line according to the inclination angle α determined in the step one and combining the downward returning depth and the equipment height, sequentially constructing by using the inclined pile static pressure machine after the pile position is rechecked, and monitoring and controlling by using two theodolites to ensure the inclination angle α of the steel sheet pile in the pile driving process;
4) continuously driving single piles one by one, measuring the position and the direction once every 1m when the first steel sheet pile and the second steel sheet pile are driven in the process of driving so as to play a role of a guide sample plate, and immediately and temporarily fixing the steel bars or the steel plates and the purlin surrounding support through electric welding after the steel bars or the steel plates are driven to a preset depth;
step four, constructing a waterproof curtain;
step five, constructing the crown beam;
sixthly, cleaning and leveling the bottom of the foundation pit, and performing the next construction operation;
seventhly, adopting a crawler pile pulling machine to be matched with a vibration hammer to pull the pile; and after foundation construction is finished and backfilling is carried out, the pile can be pulled out.
Further, for the foundation pit excavated in layers, aiming at different row pile supporting forms, after the construction of the top beam, repeating the construction process from the first step to the fifth step until the bottom of the foundation pit is excavated; then, step six and step seven are performed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the foundation pit supporting structure utilizing the recyclable inclined steel sheet piles is adopted for supporting the foundation pit, so that the foundation pit supporting effect can be improved. For example, the method can be better suitable for supporting ultra-deep and ultra-large foundation pits in soft soil areas. The construction is simple, and the construction period is shortened; the use of steel sheet piles provides the necessary safety. And for the construction task, the requirement on space can be reduced; the steel sheet piles can be used without being restricted by weather conditions; in the process of using the steel sheet pile, a complex program for checking the performance of materials or systems can be simplified, and the adaptability and interchangeability are good. Most importantly, the steel sheet piles can be recycled, and the capital is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art method of retaining and retaining a foundation pit;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for supporting a foundation pit by using an inclined steel plate support pile according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a steel sheet pile locking notch and its locking notch snap-in connection.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Before excavating the foundation pit, a supporting pile is generally needed to support the foundation pit so as to avoid the side collapse of the foundation pit and influence the construction of the foundation pit. Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a conventional foundation pit supporting method. Referring to fig. 1, the support pile structure comprises three vertical support piles, the support piles are steel sheet piles 1, and the three schematic steel sheet piles 1 can enter a soil body in a one-by-one pressing mode. In the figure 1, the steel sheet pile 1 is deeply arranged below the bottom 3 of the foundation pit to obtain higher supporting strength, and the part of the steel sheet pile 1, which is positioned below the bottom of the foundation pit, accounts for 1-3 times of the length of the steel sheet pile 1 to ensure effective supporting of the foundation pit. After the steel sheet piles 1 (three are shown in the figure) are pressed into the soil body, the crown beam 2 can be fixedly connected with the outer sides of the three steel sheet piles 1. The side of the crown beam 2 can support the side of the foundation pit. The campshed that above-mentioned structure formed is vertical stake, and it has a lot of shortcomings when carrying out excavation supporting, for example: the pile top displacement of the same excavation depth is large, the internal force is large, the ground behind the pile is greatly deformed, and the surrounding environment is endangered; when the strength of the pile is not enough, the slope protection pile is easy to break, so that the foundation pit is unstable; the vertical row piles are adopted, so that the possible excavation depth of the foundation pit is small, when the excavation depth is large, the row piles are easy to overturn and damage, and therefore the supporting structure needs a larger section and an insertion depth. The method is not suitable for supporting ultra-deep and ultra-large foundation pits in soft soil areas, and the application of the row piles is influenced.
In order to improve the foundation pit supporting effect and be better suitable for supporting ultra-deep and ultra-large foundation pits in soft soil areas, the invention provides a recoverable foundation pit supporting structure utilizing inclined steel sheet piles, as shown in fig. 2, the foundation pit supporting structure comprises steel sheet supporting row piles, the steel sheet supporting row piles comprise a plurality of steel sheet piles 1 inserted into soil, each steel sheet pile 1 comprises a pile body 11, one end, positioned in the soil inserted into the pile body, of each pile body 11 on each steel sheet pile 1 is a pile tip 12, the other end of each steel sheet pile is a pile tail 13, each steel sheet pile 1 is composed of trapezoidal channel steel, locking openings 14 are formed in two sides of each steel sheet pile 1 in the width direction, adjacent steel sheet piles 1 are connected in an occluded mode through the locking openings 14, and the pile tails 13 of all the steel sheet piles 1 are fixed with a crown beam 2.
According to the invention, the length of the steel sheet pile 1 along the edge direction of the foundation pit to be excavated is L, the pile spacing of the steel sheet pile 1 along the edge direction of the foundation pit to be excavated is H, and H is 2-2.5L.
The cross section of the crown beam 2 can be square or rectangular, if the cross section is square, the side length is A, and A is more than 0.6L. If the rectangle is used, the long side of the rectangle is B, the short side of the rectangle is C, the trend of the short side C is coincident with the gravity direction, and B is more than 0.6L.
The foundation pit supporting structure provided by the invention can provide necessary safety by using the steel sheet piles, and the steel sheet piles can be free from the restriction of weather conditions; by arranging the steel plate supporting row piles obliquely, the supporting effect can be improved. In addition, because the steel plate supporting row piles are inclined towards the inner side of the foundation pit, the construction difficulty can be reduced, and the foundation pit can be supported more uniformly.
The foundation pit supporting method using the foundation pit supporting structure provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step one, according to site conditions and calculation and analysis, determining an optimal inclination angle of the steel plate row pile within the range of the inclination angle α (0-30 degrees), and selecting the pile length and the pile body strength.
Step two, digging a groove: and excavating a groove by using an excavator according to the enclosing side line of the foundation pit, removing underground obstacles, and timely treating the soil body of the excavated groove so as to ensure the normal construction of the crown beam and the connecting beam.
And step three, constructing the inclined row piles, wherein the inclined row piles are operated by using steel sheet piles. And (3) driving the steel sheet piles by adopting a single-pile one-by-one driving method. The process is as follows:
1) construction preparation work: before the steel sheet pile is driven, the groove opening at the pile tip is sealed to prevent soil from being extruded, and butter or other grease is coated at the locking opening; for steel sheet piles which are damaged in the long-term, deformed in locking notches and seriously corroded, the steel sheet piles are corrected by means of jacking with an oil jack or baking.
2) Measuring, positioning and paying off: the axis of the steel sheet pile enclosure is released by a surveyor, guide piles are arranged at certain intervals, the guide piles directly use the steel sheet piles as the guide lines, then the rope hanging lines are used as the guide lines, and the guide lines are used for controlling the axis of the steel sheet piles during pile driving.
3) Pile feeding: a steel sheet pile is hoisted by adopting an inclined pile static pressure machine, and is manually righted in place, and the positioning error is controlled to be less than 20 mm; and (4) according to the inclination angle of 0-30 degrees determined in the step one, inclining towards the inner side of the foundation pit, and calculating a pile line, an earth entering line and an opposite line according to the designed inclination angle and the downward returning depth and the equipment height. After the pile position is rechecked, the inclined pile static pressure machine can be used for sequential construction. During the piling process. To ensure the angle of the steel sheet pile. Two theodolites are used for control in two directions.
4) The single pile is continuously driven one by one, and the elevation difference of the pile top is not large. In the process of starting to drive the first steel sheet pile and the second steel sheet pile, in order to ensure the position and the direction to be accurate so as to play a role of guiding a sample plate, the position and the direction are measured once every 1m is driven, and the temporary fixation is immediately carried out by electric welding of a steel bar or a steel plate and a purlin surrounding bracket after the preset depth is driven;
step four, constructing a waterproof curtain: and (3) constructing a waterproof curtain while constructing the inclined row piles, wherein the position is 0.5-1 m away from the inclined row pile top along the outer side of the foundation pit, and the elevation of the bottom of the stirring pile of the waterproof curtain is the same as that of the bottom of the inclined row pile.
The process is as follows:
1) positioning: and the deep mixer reaches the designated pile position and is centered.
2) Pre-stirring and sinking: after the cooling water circulation of the deep layer stirrer is normal, starting a stirrer motor, and loosening a sling of the stirrer to enable the stirrer to stir along the guide frame, cut soil and sink.
3) Preparing cement paste: when the deep layer stirrer sinks to a certain depth, the cement paste is stirred according to the mixing ratio determined by the design, and the cement paste is poured into the collecting hopper before grouting.
4) Lifting, spraying and stirring: after the deep mixer sinks to the design degree of depth, open the mortar pump and impress grout into the ground, and spout thick liquid, rotatory simultaneously, strictly according to the lifting speed who designs and confirm promotes deep mixer.
5) Repeating the upper stirring and the lower stirring: when the deep-layer stirring machine is lifted to the top surface elevation of the designed depth, the cement slurry in the collecting hopper is just emptied. For the time weak soil and grout stirring, can be once more with the mixer rotatory while sinking in soil, promote out ground with the mixer after the design consolidates the degree of depth.
6) Cleaning: and (4) cleaning residual cement paste in all pipelines, and cleaning soft soil adhered to the stirring head.
7) And (3) shifting: and moving the deep layer stirring machine to the next pile position, and repeating the steps.
Step five, crown beam construction: the process is as follows:
1) the method comprises the steps of excavating the top beam earthwork in a mechanical partition mode, excavating a first layer of earthwork to reach the designed pile top elevation of a supporting pile, removing residual soil, then beginning to remove pile head floating slurry to the designed elevation, chiseling concrete on the top surface of a pile core, and removing pile top floating slag.
2) And (5) manually leveling the soil between the piles to the elevation of the bottom of the crown beam, and tamping and compacting.
3) And (4) after the pile head is broken, manufacturing the steel bars according to the section bar of the crown beam. And the blanking and binding errors of the reinforcing steel bars are ensured to meet the requirements of design and construction specifications. And reserving reinforcing steel bars at the joint part for segmental casting of the crown beam.
4) And checking the elevation of the crown beam and installing a template. The formwork support is required to ensure the stability and firmness of the formwork to prevent the deformation of the formwork when concrete is poured, and the size of the section of the formwork is manufactured according to the section of the crown beam.
5) And finishing the reinforcing steel bar engineering. The longitudinal bars are preferably HRB335 grade or HRB400 grade steel bars, and the stirrups and the tie bars are HPB300 grade and HRB335 grade steel bars. The diameter of the side longitudinal ribs is not less than 20mm, and the distance between the side longitudinal ribs is not more than 200 mm; the diameter of the top and bottom longitudinal ribs is not less than 20mm, and the distance between the top and bottom longitudinal ribs is not more than 300 mm; the diameter of the stirrups should not be less than 8mm, and the spacing should not be more than 250 mm; the diameter of the tie bars is 6-12 mm, and the distance between the tie bars is not more than 500 mm.
6) And finishing concrete pouring and maintenance. The concrete strength grade should not be lower than C25, and the anchor of the main reinforcement of the row pile into the crown beam should not be less than 35d (d is the diameter of the steel bar).
And for the foundation pit excavated in layers, the steps are repeated until the foundation pit is excavated to the bottom of the foundation pit according to different row pile supporting forms.
Sixthly, cleaning and leveling the bottom of the foundation pit, and performing the next construction operation;
seventhly, adopting a crawler pile pulling machine to be matched with a vibration hammer to pull the pile; after foundation construction is completed and backfilling is carried out, the pile can be pulled out, and the process is as follows:
1) and (4) dismantling the crown beam.
2) And (5) vibrating. The head of the steel sheet pile is clamped by a pile driver to vibrate for 1-2 min, so that soil around the steel sheet pile is loosened to generate liquefaction and reduce friction force of the soil on the pile.
3) And (6) vibrating and drawing. When the load condition of the pile machine is noticed during pile pulling, and the pile pulling is stopped when the pile is difficult to pull up or can not be pulled out, the pile is vibrated for 1-2 min, then the pile is hammered down for 0.5-1.0 m and then is pulled up by vibration, and the pile can be pulled out by repeating the steps.
By utilizing the foundation pit supporting method provided by the invention, the requirement on space can be reduced for construction tasks; in the process of using the steel sheet pile, the complex procedure for checking the system performance of the material can be simplified, and the adaptability and the interchangeability are good. Most importantly, the steel sheet piles can be recycled, and the capital is saved.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.

Claims (7)

1. A recoverable foundation pit supporting structure utilizing inclined steel sheet piles comprises steel sheet supporting row piles, the steel sheet supporting row piles comprise a plurality of steel sheet piles (1) inserted into a soil body, each steel sheet pile (1) comprises a pile body (11), one end, located in the soil body to be inserted, of each pile body (11) on each steel sheet pile (1) is a pile tip (12), the other end of each steel sheet pile (1) is a pile tail (13), each steel sheet pile (1) is composed of a trapezoid groove steel, locking notches (14) are formed in two sides of each steel sheet pile (1) in the width direction, adjacent steel sheet piles (1) are connected in an occluded mode through the locking notches (14), the pile tails (13) of all the steel sheet piles (1) are fixed to a crown beam (2), the foundation pit supporting row piles are inclined to the gravity direction, the inclination angle is α and is 0-30 degrees, but the inclination angle of the steel sheet piles does not include 0 degree, and accordingly the foundation pit supporting row piles are inclined to the inner side.
2. The recoverable foundation pit supporting structure using inclined steel sheet piles according to claim 1, wherein α -15 ° to 20 °.
3. The recoverable foundation pit supporting structure using the inclined steel sheet piles according to claim 1, wherein the length of the steel sheet piles (1) in the edge direction of the foundation pit to be excavated is L, the pile spacing of the steel sheet piles (1) in the edge direction of the foundation pit to be excavated is H, and H is 2-2.5L.
4. Recoverable foundation pit supporting construction using inclined steel sheet piles, according to claim 3, characterized in that the cross-section of the top beam (2) is square with a side length A > 0.6L.
5. Recoverable foundation pit supporting construction using inclined steel sheet piles, according to claim 3, characterised in that the cross-section of the top beam (2) is rectangular with the long side B and the short side C, the short side C running in the direction of gravity, B > 0.6L.
6. A method of foundation pit bracing using a recoverable foundation pit bracing structure using inclined steel sheet piles according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, according to site conditions and calculation and analysis, determining that the inclination angle α of the steel plate supporting row pile is 0-30 degrees but not 0 degree, and selecting the length and the pile body strength of the steel plate pile (1);
step two, digging a groove;
step three, oblique row pile construction, adopting a single-pile one-by-one driving method to drive steel sheet piles, comprising the following steps:
1) sealing a groove opening at the pile tip before the steel sheet pile is driven, and coating grease or other grease at a lock opening;
2) measuring, positioning and paying off: paying out the axis of the enclosure of the steel sheet pile, arranging guide piles at intervals, directly using the steel sheet pile as the guide pile, then hanging a rope line as a lead, and controlling the axis of the steel sheet pile by using the lead during pile driving;
3) the method comprises the following steps of (1) sending a pile, namely, hoisting a steel sheet pile by using an inclined pile static pressure machine, manually righting the steel sheet pile to be in place, controlling a pile body according to the inclination angle determined in the step one, calculating a pile line, an earth penetration line and a counterpoint line according to the inclination angle α determined in the step one and combining the downward returning depth and the equipment height, sequentially constructing by using the inclined pile static pressure machine after the pile position is rechecked, and monitoring and controlling by using two theodolites to ensure the inclination angle α of the steel sheet pile in the pile driving process;
4) continuously driving single piles one by one, measuring the position and the direction once every 1m when the first steel sheet pile and the second steel sheet pile are driven in the process of driving so as to play a role of a guide sample plate, and immediately and temporarily fixing the steel bars or the steel plates and the purlin surrounding support through electric welding after the steel bars or the steel plates are driven to a preset depth;
step four, constructing a waterproof curtain;
step five, constructing the crown beam;
sixthly, cleaning and leveling the bottom of the foundation pit, and performing the next construction operation;
seventhly, adopting a crawler pile pulling machine to be matched with a vibration hammer to pull the pile; and after foundation construction is finished and backfilling is carried out, the pile can be pulled out.
7. The foundation pit supporting method of the recoverable foundation pit supporting structure using the inclined steel sheet piles according to claim 6, wherein for the foundation pit excavated in layers, the construction process of the first to fifth steps is repeated after the construction of the top beam for different row pile supporting forms until the bottom of the foundation pit is excavated; then, step six and step seven are performed.
CN202010102565.6A 2020-02-19 2020-02-19 Recyclable foundation pit supporting structure using inclined steel sheet piles and supporting method thereof Pending CN111287194A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113309071A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-27 中南大学 Stably-connected cap-shaped steel sheet pile and mounting method
CN113756321A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-12-07 山东大学 Full-recovery supporting system for temporary foundation pit components of subway station and construction method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113309071A (en) * 2021-05-31 2021-08-27 中南大学 Stably-connected cap-shaped steel sheet pile and mounting method
CN113756321A (en) * 2021-08-31 2021-12-07 山东大学 Full-recovery supporting system for temporary foundation pit components of subway station and construction method

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