JPH0430247B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for cultivating maitake mushrooms and obtaining fruiting bodies, and its purpose is to shorten the cultivation period and efficiently obtain fruiting bodies. (Prior art) In general, edible mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, and nameko mushrooms easily form fruiting bodies when the inoculum is inoculated into an artificial medium mainly made of sawdust or rice bran and the appropriate temperature and humidity are applied. You can force it. However, maitake mushrooms are highly selective in the medium, and even when grown under the above conditions, they do not sprout and cannot produce fruiting bodies. Therefore, as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 54-28331, the present inventor developed an artificial culture medium mainly consisting of sawdust, soybean meal, and soybean meal, and succeeded in ensuring the formation of fruiting bodies. Also special public office Showa 55-38089
In this issue, we improved the above technology and disclosed a method for increasing the yield of fruiting bodies. This method uses 〓20 parts for 100 parts of sawdust or mixed sawdust containing sawdust
To a mixture consisting of ~11 parts and 11 to 3 parts of soybean meal, heat extracted water from the soil is added as a charging water to adjust the moisture content,
After adjustment, fill a 800ml to 1000ml cultivation bottle, sterilize it, cool it, inoculate it with a separately cultured starter, culture it in a culture room with controlled temperature and humidity for about 30 days, and allow mycelia to grow sufficiently before sprouting. The mushrooms are transferred to a room and cultured for about 15 days to generate primordia, then transferred to a mushroom growth room and cultivated for about 10 days at a temperature of around 17°C to produce fruit bodies.
This method is currently the most widely adopted method for cultivating maitake mushrooms. (Problems to be solved by the invention) As mentioned above, artificial cultivation of maitake mushrooms requires a long period of 50 to 60 days, and when cultivating in large quantities, a huge number of cultivation rooms, sprouting rooms, and mushroom growth rooms are required. etc. equipment is required. For this reason, shortening the cultivation period and efficiently using equipment have become major problems in maitake cultivation. (Means for solving the problem) The present inventors conducted research to shorten the long maitake cultivation period as described above and efficiently obtain fruiting bodies, and as a result, they added an oxygen supply agent to the artificial medium. They discovered that by doing so, the cultivation period could be shortened without any change in fruit body yield, and by adding water to a basic mixture of Nara sawdust or a mixture of Nara sawdust and other sawdust, and soybean meal. 65%
Add an oxygen supplying agent that gradually releases oxygen, such as calcium peroxide, in an amount equivalent to 0.3 to 0.7% effective oxygen in terms of calcium peroxide based on the weight of the artificial medium, The problem was solved by cultivating it using conventional methods. The Maitake fungi used in this invention are Maitake fungi such as Kuromaitake fungi and Shiromaitake fungi.
For example, Gryfuora frondotsa bal Tocatiana FERM-P No. 4979 can be mentioned. In addition, the Maitake fungus mentioned above may be one isolated from nature or a preserved strain, but in either case, a strain that always exhibits vigorous growth should be isolated pure and cultured every 30 to 40 days. It is better. Cultivation is preferably carried out using a bottle cultivation method similar to the method described above, but an oxygen supplying agent is added when preparing the artificial medium. This oxygen supply agent is a substance that gradually releases oxygen, such as calcium peroxide or barium peroxide, and the amount added is such that the amount of effective oxygen released relative to the weight of the artificial medium is 0.3 in terms of calcium peroxide. ~0.7%. If less than this is added, the cultivation period will hardly be shortened, and if more is added, the yield of fruiting bodies will be reduced. (Function) Next, the function of this invention will be explained using an experimental example.
The artificial medium used in the experiment was made of sawdust (moisture 38%
%) 7.0Kg Kaba sawdust (45% moisture) 5.3Kg〓 (18% moisture) 1.7Kg soybean meal (12% moisture) 0.9Kg mixture was adjusted by adding 9.1% of the heat extracted content of the soil as charging water. At this time, the moisture content of the artificial medium was 60.8%. Divide this artificial medium into 8 equal parts and add calcium peroxide to each of 0, 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.6%,
0.7%, 0.8%, and 0.9% were added and mixed uniformly. Fill each of the above preparations into 1000ml cultivation bottles,
A total of 40 pieces were obtained from 8 groups, each consisting of 5 pieces. This cultivation bottle was sterilized at 120℃, cooled, and cultured on an agar slant in advance.
No. 4979) was inoculated with mycelium and placed in a culture room at a temperature of 19 to 24.
Cultured for 21 days at 68-75% humidity. Then, from the 22nd day, transfer to the sprouting room at a temperature of 20-24℃ and a humidity of 73-82%.
The results of culturing were as shown in Table 1.

【table】

[Table] As shown in the table above, when calcium peroxide was added at 0.3% or more, sprouting (primordium development) was seen much faster than in the group without calcium peroxide, and the fastest group was in the group with 0.5% addition compared to the group without calcium peroxide. on average
This is a reduction of 6.6 days (35%). Next, mushrooms that have sprouted are transferred to a mushroom sprouting room in order at a temperature of 17-19℃, humidity of 98-100%, and lighting of 100-100℃.
Mushrooms were grown under the conditions of scattered light of about 300 lux and white fluorescent light, and the fruiting bodies shown in Table 2 were harvested. From the results in Table 2, calcium peroxide is 0.3-0.7%
It has been found that in the additive plots, the yield of fruiting bodies is almost unchanged compared to the non-additive plots, and the number of cultivation days is definitely shortened by about 5 days. but
In the plots where 0.9% or more was added, a partial decrease in yield was observed, and although germination was shortened, there was not much difference in the total number of cultivation days. As mentioned above, oxygen supplying agents such as calcium peroxide have the effect of shortening the cultivation period of maitake mushrooms. This action is caused by barium peroxide,

【table】

[Table] It is also observed in drugs such as [Table], and all of them are due to the effective oxygen released by the drug. Therefore, when using calcium peroxide in place of other drugs, the amount to be added can be determined based on calculations based on the amount of effective oxygen.
It may be added in a range of 0.7 to 1.7% (Example) Next, an example of the present invention will be described. Example 1 To the sawdust mixed with 3.1 kg of sawdust (38% moisture) and 2.4 kg of Kaba sawdust (45% moisture), 0.8 kg (18% moisture) and 0.4 kg of soybean meal (12% moisture) were added. An artificial medium was prepared using soil extract water 5.3. Furthermore, 60g of Calper (trade name) was added as calcium peroxide to this artificial medium and mixed well.
A medium containing an oxygen supply agent was used. 1000 of this artificial medium
Fill 20 ml cultivation bottles with 600 g of culture medium each, sterilize them at 120°C by a conventional method, cool them, and then culture the maitake fungus Glyfuora frondotsa bal tocatiana FERM-P No. 4979 on an agar medium, including the agar sections, aseptically. Transplant temperature 23-27 degrees, humidity 60-70
Cultured at %. The growth of mycelium was extremely smooth and reached the 26th day, and since it had spread over the entire surface, it was
Transfer to a sprouting room at 20-22 degrees and humidity 70-80%.
The germination process was carried out by lighting blue light for 12 hours per day and providing sufficient fresh air. The primordia started to appear on the 4th day after the sprouting treatment (30th day of culture), so they were sequentially transferred to a mushroom sprouting room with a temperature of 16 to 20 degrees and a humidity of 95 to 100%, and the lighting was set to about 100 to 300 lux. As a result of continuing cultivation under white fluorescent lighting and supplying fresh air, fruiting bodies were harvested as shown in Table 3. On the other hand, as a control, the case where maitake mycelium was cultured to form fruiting bodies under the same conditions as above except that no oxygen supplying agent was added is shown for comparison.

[Table] Example 2 Culture was carried out under the same conditions and using the same inoculum as in Example 1, except that 0.8% barium peroxide was added as an oxygen supply agent. On the 23rd day, mycelium spread throughout the medium, and when this was treated for sprouting, primordia began to emerge one after another from the 31st day after the start of culture. The mushrooms were sequentially processed in a mushroom processing room and the fruiting bodies were harvested. The results are shown in Table 4. The control was a medium to which barium peroxide was not added.

[Table] (Effects of the invention) This invention enables the artificial cultivation of maitake mushrooms, which required a cultivation period of around 50 days, by adding a small amount of oxygen supply agent to the artificial medium, without changing the conventional cultivation method. This product has the effect of shortening the number of cultivation days until fruiting bodies are harvested, especially the number of days for sprouting treatment, by more than 30% compared to conventional methods, significantly shortening the total number of days to 40 to 45 days, increasing the number of days for almost one cultivation period per year. It is.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Calcium peroxide or barium peroxide is added as an oxygen supply agent to an artificial medium mainly consisting of sawdust or sawdust mixed with sawdust, bran, and soybean meal, and the amount of oxygen is adjusted to the medium. A method for cultivating maitake mushrooms, characterized by adding calcium peroxide in a range of 0.3 to 0.7%, mixing, and homogenizing.