JPH04173021A - Mushroom culture and culture medium - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To effectively use existing facilities and to stably produce high-quality mushrooms intentionally by subjecting a medium having inoculated spawn into a mushroom bed, destroying a culture medium into a given shape and transferring the spawn to a growth process. CONSTITUTION:In culturing mushrooms such as Lyophyllum aggregatum, Lentinus edodes or Pholiota nameko in a mushroom bed, a base such as sawdust is blended with given nutrients while stirring and packed into a container made of polypropylene, etc. The base is heated to a given temperature, sterilized, further kept in cold storage at a given temperature, inoculated with spawn and subjected to low-temperature humidifying culture treatment. Then, approximately at germination, the culture medium is raked out, ground, put in a container of a given shape such as box, press molded, covered and cultured in the latter period in a culture chamber.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The disclosed technology belongs to the technical field of artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as nameko mushrooms, shimeji mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, and shiitake mushrooms.

<Summary of the gist> The invention of this application involves inoculating a culture medium made of sawdust with nutrients such as rice bran to form a culture medium, and after going through a culture treatment process, crushing the bacterial bed. This invention relates to a method for cultivating mushrooms in which mycelium is grown by forming a larger medium and growing mycelia, and a cultivation medium directly used in the cultivation method. The culture medium that has been cultured up to this point is scraped out from the container and crushed to make a culture medium, and then directly or indirectly stored in a block of a predetermined shape such as a square or the like in a container of a predetermined shape such as a box, and then press-molded. A mushroom cultivation method in which the mushrooms are transferred to a growth treatment process, and a medium base material, water, nutrients, and seed bacteria are uniformly dispersed and mixed, and the mushrooms are directly press-formed into a predetermined shape such as a square, or a box with a predetermined shape, etc. This invention relates to a mushroom cultivation medium that is housed in a block and made into blocks.

<Conventional technology> As is well known, as Japan's industry and economy have progressed from the chaotic period immediately after the end of the war to a period of stability and growth in the decades since the end of the war, the lives of citizens have improved both in quantity and quality, and the content has become more fulfilling. As a result, dietary habits have shifted from the calorie-first era immediately after the end of the war, through the era of overeating, to the recent health-conscious era, and Western-style diets centered on fat and protein are being reconsidered. The focus has shifted to a long-lived and healthy diet, and Eastern-style diets such as Japanese cuisine and vegetarianism are becoming more important as lifespans are extended and the society is aging.

Therefore, with emphasis on healthy food, the natural food boom has been in the spotlight, and various natural foods are once again attracting attention.

In addition to agriculturally cultivated products such as fruits and vegetables and grains in fields and forests, hydroponically cultivated products have recently been produced and are being placed on meals together with imported vegetables.

Biological and nutritional analytical research on these cultivated products has become active, and health-friendly products are now being selected not only for home foods but also for restaurant menus.

By the way, vegetables have different growth mechanisms and ecological characteristics.
Research on their nutritional functions has progressed significantly, but mushrooms are widely used among the wild vegetables that have been loved by tradition since ancient times. Although component analysis results have been obtained regarding the
The mechanism of growth has not yet been sufficiently studied.

However, recent analysis of its ingredients has shown that it contains not only protein but also vitamins and minerals, and it is not only considered as a delicacy or a favorite food.
The hormone secretion regulating function, anti-cancer function, anti-aging function, etc. are now in the spotlight, and the demand for these foods is increasing due to the image of eternal youth and longevity and medicinal herbal foods. Aggressive artificial cultivation techniques have been researched by collecting mushrooms such as shiitake that naturally propagate on fallen trees in forests using traditional collection techniques. As the latent demand became apparent, companies with large capital entered the market, and a cultivation method was devised to actively cultivate mushrooms and mass-produce mushrooms of a certain quality in a factory manner. It is even becoming possible to cultivate good-quality mushrooms such as thick-walled donko-shaped mushrooms using a fungal bed inoculated into a culture medium made of sawdust mixed with moisture and nutrients such as rice bran, and to become fully viable as an industry. .

Since the seed industry can conventionally take the form of indoor cultivation, it is possible to use a controlled cultivation method that does not require the use of agricultural land, and as a new company, it is possible to grow in the vicinity of cities, not only in the form of a regional company. Japan is beginning to take on the appearance of modern industrialization, and research into stabilizing companies is also progressing.

In the production of mushrooms through such artificial cultivation, various new technological researches have been conducted and various forms of development have been adopted, but mainly polypropylene acid with a cup as shown in Figure 9 is used. As shown in FIG. 8, for a bottle 1 such as the above, a base material 2 made of sawdust mixed with water, rice bran, and other predetermined nutrients is stirred and dispersed using a mixer 3.
A predetermined amount is filled into the container 1 using the filling device 4, the container 1 is capped using the cap filling device 5, and then sterilized at a predetermined high temperature, cooled and inoculated with seed bacteria, and cultured in a culture room, or Furthermore, the medium sprouted in the growth room is transferred to a growth treatment process for cultivation, and mushrooms are grown in polypropylene acid bags 1' instead of bottles 1, as shown in Figure 10. technology was also used.

<Problem to be solved by the invention> However, in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms using the conventional techniques, enoki mushrooms, hanshimeshi mushrooms, flat mushrooms, nameko mushrooms,
In order to achieve suitable industrial production for companies depending on the type of mushrooms such as shiitake and maitake, the size and shape of each bottle, etc., are selectively made different, and as a matter of course, each device that processes these , the equipment also differs depending on the compatibility, and therefore, there is a disadvantage in that the cost is extremely high when cultivating a wide variety of varieties.Furthermore, additional equipment for equipment and container rotation is required, which significantly reduces work efficiency. The problem was that it got worse.

Mushrooms require extremely delicate adjustments such as temperature, humidity control, and carbon dioxide gas control. Therefore, quality control and management during the cultivation period is not only extremely complicated, but also extremely time consuming. It requires experience, knowledge, and a high level of skill, and has the disadvantage of requiring a lot of attention and effort.

Of course, as a new technology to deal with these problems, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 1-29
6991, JP 1-300828, JP 1-304827, JP 1-304841, and JP 1-296923 were also devised, and the inventions are shown in FIG. Similarly, there is also a technique in which a predetermined culture process is carried out in a culture chamber until just before hyphae appear in a polypropylene acid bag block 1', and then the culture medium is taken out from the bag 1' and filled into a polypropylene container or the like to form a block. Although it has been developed and put into practical use, the shape of the medium is large and the active metabolic activity tends to cause damage to the growth of mycelia due to carbon dioxide gas, which impairs growth and requires a large amount of medium.
It has the disadvantage that it generates a large amount of heat (and steaming phenomenon occurs, making it extremely difficult to control the heat), and it also has the disadvantage that it takes a long time for the culture to reach full maturity.

In addition, the capital required for bottle growers to switch to bag cultivation or to bag growers or bottle cultivation is large, making it impossible for individual growers to start from scratch. Although they were purchased from and produced by companies, the production volume did not increase as expected, and the disadvantage was that the amount of capital invested was too large to justify the cost.

In particular, recently, the culture medium is mixed with seed bacteria in advance and bottled,
Cultivation systems such as bagging have been developed, but fermentation manufacturers and others cultivate the seed bacteria until they are just about to germinate and sell them to growers, but the technology is limited.

There was also the disadvantage that small and medium-sized growers could not purchase new machinery and equipment.

Therefore, even if the price of mushrooms falls, it is not possible to switch to other varieties, and in reality, growers have no choice but to adopt cultivation methods using the bottles or polypropylene acid bags.
The problem was that it required a large amount of investment.

However, in bag cultivation, it is necessary to cut off, remove, or open a part of the container to avoid sprouting when transferring to the growing process after the medium is fully ripe.
There is a significant amount of manual work involved, such as arranging and placing them on the shelves in the growth room.
In addition, it is necessary to carry out arranging of the buds, etc., and the work efficiency is not good considering the amount of time and effort required.

In addition, although bottles can be reused after harvesting, containers such as polypropylene acid bags must be used once and then discarded, which poses the problem of being disposable and can lead to pollution problems. The disadvantage of using composted compost is that it requires post-processing depending on the variety, which can actually increase costs.

Although bottle cultivation is widely used because some varieties can be grown in large quantities in a small space,
There was an inconvenience that the amount of work involved was large and the price dropped, making it no longer commensurate with profitability.

As mentioned above, although there is considerable latent demand for mushrooms due to the natural food boom, they are still not a staple food throughout the year, and demand fluctuates depending on the season. For example, if there is a considerable demand for shimeshi in the winter, or if the demand in the summer drops, the price will plummet, and even if it becomes unprofitable, as mentioned above, equipment and containers cannot be operated efficiently. Therefore, it was not possible to change the cultivation, and because it was difficult to convert it to use, there was a negative point that it was not suitable for industrial use.

<Purpose of the Invention> The purpose of the invention of this application is to solve the problems of indoor artificial cultivation of mushrooms based on the above-mentioned prior art, and to solve the problem by effectively using conventional equipment and containers as they are. It is possible to use cultivation techniques in the agricultural industry by making it possible to produce and convert mushrooms, and to produce mushrooms that meet the profitability base throughout the year, making it possible to systematically produce stable, high-quality mushrooms. It is an object of the present invention to provide an excellent method for cultivating mushrooms that is beneficial to the field, and a cultivation medium that can be directly used in the method.

<Means/effects for solving the problem> In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the structure of the invention of this application, which is based on the scope of the above-mentioned patent claims, is to solve the above-mentioned problem.
When cultivating mushrooms such as nameko and shiitake mushrooms,
Similar to the conventional method, a base material such as sawdust is stirred and dispersed with water, specified nutrients, etc., and a specified amount is filled into a container such as a polypropylene acid bottle or a polypropylene bag, and heated to a specified temperature. Sterilize it, keep it cool at a set temperature, inoculate the inoculum, perform low-temperature and humidified culture at a predetermined temperature, take out the container before and after sprouting, scrape out the culture medium, crush it, and place it in a container such as a box of a predetermined shape. or press-form into a predetermined size shape such as a rectangle through a mold in a container, etc., cover with a vinyl cover with a predetermined number of holes, culture in a culture room for the final stage, and then transfer to a cultivation room. , grown on flat or triangular shelves to harvest mushrooms of good quality, such as thick-walled donko-shaped mushrooms, and at that time, the culture medium is indirectly stored in a box or directly shaped into a block shape. As a result, mushrooms can be collected mechanically without quality deterioration, containers after cultivation can be reused and not disposed of, and therefore no pollution problems occur, and the culture medium can be used as compost as is. Technical measures have been taken to enable effective recycling and disposal.

<Example> Next, an example of the invention of this application is shown in FIG. 1 with reference to FIG.
The explanation will be as follows with reference to FIGS. 7 to 7.

The illustrated embodiment is a mode of artificial cultivation of shiitake mushrooms, and in the embodiment shown in FIGS. This is an embodiment in which Shiitake mushrooms 7, which are press-molded into a rectangular parallelepiped shape and have a thick wall shape, can be efficiently cultivated in large quantities.

As in the conventional embodiment shown in FIG.
The mixture is mixed, stirred and dispersed, and a predetermined amount of polypropylene acid, etc. is filled into a bottle 1 similar to the conventional method using a bottling device 4, and after being heated and sterilized to a predetermined temperature, it is kept cool. Inoculate and culture the culture medium so that the hyphae adhere to the medium.

After culturing for a predetermined period of time, as shown in FIG. The medium 6 of the culture medium is press-molded into a block shape, and the base material of the medium 6 and the seed bacteria are uniformly dispersed.

The medium 6 press-formed into a block shape in this way is again transferred to the culture chamber and subjected to a predetermined culture treatment, and after the germination of hyphae is promoted at an early stage, it is transferred to a growth chamber and subjected to a cultivation treatment.

When demand for shimeji mushrooms in the summer is particularly low, cultivation is switched from shimeshi mushrooms to shiitake mushrooms, and from autumn to winter, cultivation is switched back to shimeji mushrooms, allowing the cultivation of high-priced mushrooms year-round. It can be done.

Therefore, the container 10 is carried in by the transport device 11, and the culture medium 6 is press-molded into a rectangular parallelepiped shape by a predetermined press-forming device 12, and as shown in FIG. 1
3. A resin cover 14 with predetermined holes is placed on the culture medium 6.
The container IO is then placed on top of the container IO to be covered, and as shown in FIG. 4, a forklift (not shown) is used to deposit and store the container IO in layers on a flat shelf 15.

Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5, they may be stacked on a pallet 15', or in some cases, they may be placed in alignment on shelves on both sides of a triangular shelf 15', as shown in FIG.

In this case, depending on the size, a plurality of culture media 6 in each block may be placed adjacent to each other, or may be placed adjacent to each other at a predetermined distance apart, within the range of design changes.

If the growth process is performed in a low-temperature, humidified state and under low light in a growth chamber (not shown) in the same manner as in the conventional method, the surface of the block-shaped culture medium 6, as shown in FIG.
And, from the side, Shiitake mushrooms 7 are grown in densely planted clusters with good quality and thick wall shape.

During this time, the cover 14 is manually or mechanically removed at appropriate timing to promote growth.

Then, when the shiitake mushrooms 7 grow to a predetermined size, they are harvested, but because the block culture medium 6 is rectangular parallelepiped, there is no need to manually collect the mushrooms as in the conventional method.
It can be collected automatically and neatly without causing any damage to the shiitake mushrooms 7 using mechanical means at an appropriate temperature such as a cutter, and the culture medium 6 after collection can be disposed of as compost in the fields. .

Of course, during this time, after the culture medium is scraped out of the bottle 1 by the scraping device 7, the bottle 1 is appropriately washed and recycled for reuse.

As mentioned above, when cultivating a specific type of mushroom, for example, when the demand for shimeji mushrooms in the summer is sluggish, growers can immediately switch to cultivating shiitake 7 mushrooms, and there is no process up to culturing. Since it is the same as the previous embodiment, the bottle 1 and the previous equipment can all be used continuously at full rotation.

Next, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, when scraping out the culture medium in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6' is an embodiment in which the cells are transferred to a culture chamber as in the above-mentioned embodiment, and then transferred to a growth chamber for cultivation, and the operation and effect are substantially the same as in the above-mentioned embodiment.

It goes without saying that the embodiments of the invention of this application are not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and for example, the container is not limited to a bottle, but may also be a bag made of polypropylene or the like.

Even in this case, the polypropylene bag or equipment such as a culture medium filling device and a seed inoculation device for the polypropylene bag can be fully and continuously utilized.

In this case, if the grower prepares multiple types of mushroom mycelia in advance and stocks them in multiple types of bottles or bags made of polypropylene, etc., rotational cultivation throughout the year is possible. This allows for full rotation of the culture medium and containers, making cultivation extremely profitable.

The above-mentioned process requires almost no manual labor, and can be fully automated from stirring and mixing the moisture and nutrients in the base material to collection, reducing costs, avoiding the invasion of various bacteria, and improving quality. It will be planned.

In addition, since the medium is exposed during the cultivation period, the heat generated in the medium can be easily dissipated, making it easy to control the appropriate temperature during the growth period of the mycelium, which results in faster and stronger mycelial growth. As a result, the culture period can be shortened and good products can be obtained, which can improve yield and modernity.

In addition, in terms of design changes, the shape of the block-shaped culture medium is limited to the rectangular parallelepiped as described above, and various shapes and sizes can be selected, and in the case of storing the culture medium in a box of a predetermined shape, it is possible to perform culture treatment. Cultivated in the box.

Can be produced.

Furthermore, in the case of box culture processing, it goes without saying that the fungal bed can be taken out and used as a block after culture processing, and design changes can be made flexibly, depending on the type of mushrooms, culture racks, and growth racks. In addition, there is freedom in choosing the optimal shape that fits the harvesting equipment, and further, the optimal shape for effective use as compost after use.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the invention of this application, basically in the artificial cultivation of mushrooms, which have a large potential demand, even if the demand is low due to seasonal conditions, etc. When converting to cultivating different types of mushrooms, facilities that were previously unusable can be converted to mushrooms that meet demand, making it possible to use all existing equipment and containers.
This has an excellent effect of adding to the profitability of the invested capital.

Therefore, the effect is that growers can always plan their cultivation while predicting demand trends.

Then, a process is added in which the culture medium inoculated with the inoculum is scraped out and crushed, and then molded into a container such as a box of a predetermined shape, or into a block using a press molding device. Since the process of scraping out the harvested culture medium is simply postponed, the disadvantages of increased man-hours, increased labor, and higher costs can be avoided.

Further, since the perforated cover can be washed and reused, there is no disadvantage such as causing pollution problems as in the conventional case.

Furthermore, since bottles and containers can be emptied and reused during the culture period, the turnover rate is improved, which has the advantage of leading to lower costs. .

Furthermore, since the process before the conventional culturing stage has been developed to be mechanizable, scraping equipment and filling and forming equipment can be automated and added, making it possible to mechanize the entire process, which is also hygienic. This has the advantage of avoiding the intrusion of germs and enabling automation.

In particular, since the culture medium is made into blocks, it becomes possible to use cutting devices such as cutters, which promotes automation.
Moreover, it also has the effect of helping to improve quality.

Also, the ventilation holes for cultivation in bottles and bags were small.
In the invention of this application, since the culture medium is made into blocks and exposed, oxygen can be supplied from a wide range.
In addition to being able to control the amount of carbon dioxide gas supplied and stuffiness during the growth period of mycelium, the mycelium can grow quickly and become durable, shortening the culture period and reducing the number of defective products. , an excellent effect of improving yield can be achieved.

In conventional cultivation methods, manual labor such as removing and opening bottle caps and polypropylene bags before and after the medium is fully ripe is not required, which improves work efficiency, reduces costs, and increases profits. There is an advantage to making it larger.

Furthermore, when disposing of the culture medium after harvesting, it can be disposed of as compost in fields, which has the advantage of being more efficient in loading onto trucks for transport.

In addition, the press molding used to form blocks of the culture medium can be matched to the type and season of the mushroom, and there is also the effect that there is a high degree of freedom in selecting a shape and size that is suitable for use as compost when discarding.

Furthermore, depending on the mushroom variety, by increasing the size of the block or container, the amount of mycelium will increase, making it possible to obtain high-quality, thick-walled mushrooms, and expanding demand. There is an effect.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 to 7 are detailed explanatory diagrams of the invention of this application,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the culture medium for cultivation, Figure 2 is a schematic side view of the block culture forming process, Figure 3 is a perspective view of the combination of the culture medium, container, and cover, and Figures 4 and 6 are for cultivation. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a blocked medium of another example, FIG. 8 is a schematic side view of the process before culturing, and FIG. 9 is a side view of the state.
．． Figure 10 is a schematic perspective view of the culture. 6... Culture medium, 9... Container, 16...
・Box, 1.1゛... Container, 7... Mushroom.

Claims (11)

[Claims] (1) In a method of cultivating mushrooms by sterilizing a culture medium inoculated with seed bacteria on a fungal bed, culturing it, and then growing it, the culture medium that has undergone the culture treatment is crushed and formed into blocks of a predetermined shape, and then grown. A method for cultivating mushrooms characterized by transferring the mushrooms to a process. (2) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps up to the culturing treatment are performed in a solid container. (3) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps up to the culturing treatment are carried out in a bag-like container. (4) The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the block-shaped culture medium is separated from each other and transferred to the growth treatment process. (5) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 1, characterized in that the block-shaped culture medium is transferred to the growth treatment process adjacent to each other. (6) In a method of cultivating mushrooms by sterilizing a medium inoculated with inoculum on a fungal bed, culturing it, and then growing it, the cultured medium is crushed and placed in a block shape in a container of a predetermined shape. A method of cultivating mushrooms characterized by shaping them and transferring them to the growing process. (7) The mushroom cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that the culture medium stored in the container is compressed. (8) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 6, characterized in that the latter stage of cultivation is carried out in the box having the predetermined shape, and then transferred to the growing process. (9) The method for cultivating mushrooms according to claim 6, characterized in that the culture medium cultured in the box is taken out and made into blocks. (10) In the medium used in the method of cultivating mushrooms in which the culture medium inoculated with the seed fungus on the fungal bed is cultured and then transferred to the growth treatment, the medium base material, water, nutrients, and seed fungi are uniformly dispersed and mixed to a specified level. A mushroom cultivation medium characterized by being shaped into a block. (11) In the culture medium used in the method of cultivating mushrooms in which the culture medium inoculated with the seed fungus on the fungal bed is cultured and then transferred to the growth treatment, the medium base material, water, nutrients, and seed fungi are uniformly dispersed and mixed to a specified level. A mushroom cultivation medium characterized by being formed into a block shape inside a shaped container.