JPH0355204B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0355204B2 JPH0355204B2 JP60111590A JP11159085A JPH0355204B2 JP H0355204 B2 JPH0355204 B2 JP H0355204B2 JP 60111590 A JP60111590 A JP 60111590A JP 11159085 A JP11159085 A JP 11159085A JP H0355204 B2 JPH0355204 B2 JP H0355204B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- film
- metal
- phosphate
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 10
- LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H zinc phosphate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 9
- 229910000165 zinc phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001293 incoloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium octadecanoate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O RYYKJJJTJZKILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005069 Extreme pressure additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 Kobaret Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010273 cold forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007739 conversion coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013081 microcrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001453 nickel ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940085991 phosphate ion Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008149 soap solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60111590A JPS61269929A (ja) | 1985-05-24 | 1985-05-24 | 金属材料の潤滑処理方法 |
| NZ215988A NZ215988A (en) | 1985-05-24 | 1986-04-29 | Preparing metals for cold forming: forming zinc containing phosphate and lubricating coating |
| AU57103/86A AU580408B2 (en) | 1985-05-24 | 1986-05-05 | Coating metals for lubrication during cold forming |
| CA000509291A CA1284930C (en) | 1985-05-24 | 1986-05-15 | Process for preparing a metal for cold forming |
| BR8602325A BR8602325A (pt) | 1985-05-24 | 1986-05-22 | Processo para preparar metais para conformacao a frio e processo para conformacao a frio de um artigo de metal |
| GB8612650A GB2175611B (en) | 1985-05-24 | 1986-05-23 | Processes for lubrication of metal surfaces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60111590A JPS61269929A (ja) | 1985-05-24 | 1985-05-24 | 金属材料の潤滑処理方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61269929A JPS61269929A (ja) | 1986-11-29 |
| JPH0355204B2 true JPH0355204B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1991-08-22 |
Family
ID=14565220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60111590A Granted JPS61269929A (ja) | 1985-05-24 | 1985-05-24 | 金属材料の潤滑処理方法 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61269929A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| AU (1) | AU580408B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| BR (1) | BR8602325A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CA (1) | CA1284930C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB2175611B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NZ (1) | NZ215988A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001334358A (ja) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-12-04 | Ahresty Corp | エンジンブロックの製造方法 |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6268647A (ja) * | 1985-09-21 | 1987-03-28 | Dowa Teppun Kogyo Kk | 塑性加工用金属材料における潤滑性金属被膜の製造方法 |
| JPS6283477A (ja) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-16 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | 鉄鋼材の表面処理方法 |
| JPS63174748A (ja) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 冷間鍛造用Ｔｉ及びＴｉ合金線材の連続伸線方法 |
| JPS63190180A (ja) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-08-05 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | ステンレス線材の連続伸線方法 |
| JP2701277B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-09 | 1998-01-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | ワーク加工方法 |
| JPH03215684A (ja) * | 1990-01-18 | 1991-09-20 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | アルミニウムの潤滑皮膜処理法 |
| US5277048A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-01-11 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | Process and apparatus for treating the surface of an elongated, steel alloy form to facilitate cold working thereof |
| FR2790983B1 (fr) * | 1999-03-15 | 2001-06-22 | Dacral Sa | Procede de formage de pieces metalliques par deformation a froid |
| TW571000B (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2004-01-11 | Nihon Parkerizing | Methods of preparing metal wires for plastic processing |
| US8230899B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2012-07-31 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots |
| US9267184B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2016-02-23 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots |
| US10207312B2 (en) * | 2010-06-14 | 2019-02-19 | Ati Properties Llc | Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability |
| US8789254B2 (en) | 2011-01-17 | 2014-07-29 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Modifying hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating |
| US9539636B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-01-10 | Ati Properties Llc | Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys |
| WO2017077514A1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Phosfan Ltd. | Composite phosphate coatings |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU426079B2 (en) * | 1968-02-09 | 1972-07-17 | Fuji Iron & Steel Company Limited | Surface treated steel sheet suitable for forming |
| DE3270379D1 (en) * | 1981-08-19 | 1986-05-15 | Pennwalt Corp | Cold forming lubricants and process |
-
1985
- 1985-05-24 JP JP60111590A patent/JPS61269929A/ja active Granted
-
1986
- 1986-04-29 NZ NZ215988A patent/NZ215988A/en unknown
- 1986-05-05 AU AU57103/86A patent/AU580408B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-05-15 CA CA000509291A patent/CA1284930C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-05-22 BR BR8602325A patent/BR8602325A/pt unknown
- 1986-05-23 GB GB8612650A patent/GB2175611B/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001334358A (ja) * | 1999-12-20 | 2001-12-04 | Ahresty Corp | エンジンブロックの製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2175611A (en) | 1986-12-03 |
| NZ215988A (en) | 1988-04-29 |
| AU580408B2 (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| GB8612650D0 (en) | 1986-07-02 |
| JPS61269929A (ja) | 1986-11-29 |
| BR8602325A (pt) | 1987-01-21 |
| CA1284930C (en) | 1991-06-18 |
| GB2175611B (en) | 1989-07-19 |
| AU5710386A (en) | 1986-11-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| R250 | Receipt of annual fees |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250 |
|
| EXPY | Cancellation because of completion of term |