CA1284930C - Process for preparing a metal for cold forming - Google Patents
Process for preparing a metal for cold formingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1284930C CA1284930C CA000509291A CA509291A CA1284930C CA 1284930 C CA1284930 C CA 1284930C CA 000509291 A CA000509291 A CA 000509291A CA 509291 A CA509291 A CA 509291A CA 1284930 C CA1284930 C CA 1284930C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- film
- metal
- treatment
- phosphate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/12—Orthophosphates containing zinc cations
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure An improved process for preparing a metal surface for cold forming comprises shot blasting the surface with fine particles of zinc or zinc alloy followed by conventional phosphatizing and application of a lubricant coating. This process is particularly useful for metals not susceptible to phosphatizing under normal conditions.
Description
~ f~ 3~ ase P30,077 PRCCESS FOR PREPARING A METAL FOR COLD FORMING
Background of the Invention This invention concerns a lubrication treatment method for the cold working of metal materials such as steel, iron alloys such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, magnesium, zirconium and alloys of these metals which are suitable for use in wire drawing, cold forging, spinning, tube drawlng etc.
Conventionally a phosphate film is formed on ~he base surface and this is subjected to a lubricating treatment when cold working iron and steel materials and it is well known that the phosphate film doe s not fail in cold working even when the extent of working is considerable.
In recent years materials other than iron and steel, for example stainless steel, hastalloy, incalloy, titanium, aluminum, magnesium, zirconium and alloys of these materials have found increasing application and the development of lubrication treat-ments to enable these materials to be cold worked to a consider-able extent in line with the development of the applications for these materials has become desirable. However, it is difficult to form a phosphate film on these metal materials in order to improve their potential for cold working and so they have been worked under conditions where no such film has been used. In the case of stainless steels an oxalate film has been used in place of a phosphate film but baking scmetimes occurs when a high degree of working is involved. Resin films have also been used as lubricating films in cases where the use of a formed film such as a phosphate film for example cannot be used. Hcwever these films are unsuitable for high degrees of cold working because of their poor adhesion to the metal materials, their Fcor heat resistance and their Foor lubricating properties.
A problem with the chemically formed films that are used as lubricating films at the present time is that, as mentionec earlier, it is difficult to form such films chemically with some ~ 284930 materials and from the point of view of operability the treatment time for the phosphate treatment of a steel material is quite long as some 10-30 minutes while a similarly long period of time is required for the formation of an oxalate film on stainless steel where a temperature of at least 90C is also required and so these processes are disadvantageous in terms of both efficiency and cost.
The objective of this invention is to form a metal film of zinc or zinc alloy on which a phosphate film can be formed easily while simultaneously physically removing the oxide film from the surface of the metal material, thus overcoming the prior problems of operability and cost.
Summary of the Invention The inventors have discovered a method of overcoming these difficulties in which, by blasting fine particles of zinc or zinc alloy or metal particles which are coated with zinc or zinc alloy onto the metal surfaoe using a shot blasting system, simul-taneously removing the surface oxide film from the surface of the metal, a film of zinc or zinc alloy is formed on the metal surface at the same time due to the impact of the said fine particles on the surface following which a zinc phosphate based film can be chemically formed easily and then a lubrication treatment applied.
The method of this invention can also be applied to the surfaces of metals on which there is no oxide film.
Detailed Description of the Invention Metals to which the invention can be applied include steel and stainless steel, any iron alloys including bearing steel, spring steel, high speed steel, and titanium, zirconium, nickel, cobalt, lybdenum and their alloys.
The fine particles of zinc or zinc alloy or the fine metal particles which have been coated with zinc or zinc alloy have a diameter of 0.2-1.1 mm for example and since a high level of hardness is preferred for removing the oxide film from the surface of the metal material the material known as Z-Iron Aloyed ~ ~X4'3~'3(1 Shot (trade m~r~)of hardness Hv ~- 350-450, made by the Sanpo Company by coating fine iron based particles with zinc, heating them and alloying the zinc film with the iron of the iron based particles and which are available commercially is suitable for this purpose.
The formation of a film of some 0.1-50 g/m of zinc or zinc alloy on the surface of the metal material is ideal in consideration of the economics of the process. m e shot blasting period has to be lengthened to increase the amount of zinc or zinc alloy filming.
Furthermore if a short time is employed for forming the said metal film the amount of shot blasted must be increased. me amount of shot blasted is generally of the order of a thickness of 10-150 mm over the surface of the material which is being shot blasted.
Any conventional acidic phosphate treatment solution for use with zinc materials can be used. For example no accelerator such as sodium nitrite is required when treatment is carried out using an aqueous acidic phosphate solution consisting of 5-100 grams per liter of phosphate ion, 3-50 grams per liter of zinc ion, 1-100 grams per liter of nitrate ion and 0-20 grams per liter of nickel ion for example. m e phosphate treatment is typically carried out by dipping or spraying for 5-10 minutes at a temperature in the range from normal temperature and 80& . me surface of the metal which is to be treated on which the film of zinc or zinc alloy has been formed can be subjected to a preliminary adjustment process with an aqueous adjusting solution which contains colloidal titanium in order to speed up the film forming reaction. After the metal which is being treated has been subjected to the phosphate forming treatment and a phosphate film has been formed on the surface of the said metal it may or may not be rinsed with water and it may or may not be dried before carrying out the final lubrication treat-ment.
m e lubrication treatment can take the form of a treatment with an aqueous solution of an alkali soap, a treatment with a solution which contains a metal soap, a treatment with a lubricating oil or a treatment with a solid lubricant for example.
~ X(~49~30 An example of an alkali soap treatment involves an immersion treatment lasting 1-10 minutes in an aqueous solution containing 40-60 grams/liter of a fatty acid soap such as sodium stearate at a temperature of 70-90C and then drying to form a film of lubricant and an example of a metal soap treatment involves treatment with a solvent dispersion of the metal salt of a fatty acid such as calcium stearate, barium stearate or zinc stearate etc. or with the metal salt of the fatty acid in powder form. Oils and fats, synthetic oils and mineral oils can be used as bases for a lubricating oil and these may be used in conjunction with sulfides, phosphides and chlorides as extreme pressure additives. Examples of solid lubricants other than metal soaps include molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, fluorinated resins, graphite and waxes in the form of powders or solvent dispersions. Resins may also be incorporated in order to improve the adhesion between the solid lubricant and the base surface.
The oxide film on the surface of the metal material is removed by shot blasting with fine particles of zinc or zinc alloy or fine particles of metal which have been coated with zinc or zinc alloy and at the same time a film of the zinc or zinc alloy which is firmly attached to or impregnated into the fine particles is formed on the surface of the metal material. A composite film of metallic zinc-phosphate is then formed on the surface of the metal material by subjecting the surface on which this film has been formed to a phosphate treatment and so an excellent base film is provided for the lubrication treatment. The phosphate film is composed of fine crystal clusters and so the retention of the lubricant is good and by subjecting this film to a lubrication treatment it is possible to provide excellent lubrication properties as a result of the synergistic action of the zinc or zinc alloy film - phosphate film - lubricant film system.
4~'33~) Examplç 1 Fine zinc particles of size 0.3 x 0.7 mm were used to shot blast the surface of a pure titanium sheet measuring 50 x 100 x 0.55 mm and a 15 g/m2 metallic zinc film was formed on the sheet.
The sheet was then immersed for 10 minutes in a conventional zinc phosphate based treatment solution for zinc at a temperature of 62-68C and a 9.8 g/m2 zinc phosphate based film was formed. The sample was rinsed with water and then immersed for 5 minutes in aqueous lubricant solution of which the principal component was sodium stearate at a temperature of 72-88C and dried to form a film with a 7 g/m2 stearic acid soap fraction.
The lubrication properties of the treated material were evaluated using a Bowden type friction wear testing machine and the results obtained are shcwn in Table 1.
Reference Ex~-,ple 1 For Reference Example 1 the treatment and tests of Example 1 were repeated without using the shot blasting process with the fine zinc particles. No phosphate film was formed in this case and the results obtained on evaluating the lubrication properties in the same way as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
It is clear from Table 1 that the sample treated in Example 1 had a lower coefficient of friction at 0.08 than the sample from Reference Example 1 and it was also superior in that it required 1200 rubbings to cause baking.
Table 1 '~
~ Item Coefficient Number of Rubbing Example ~ of Friction Strokes to Cause Baking ¦
Example 1 0.08 1200 Reference Example 1 0.1 5 , Bowden Test Conditions:
Load 5 Kg.
Stroke Length 10 mm.
Temperature Room temperature Pressing Probe Material SW -2 5~ steel ball ~ 2~4~
Example 2 Fine particles of zinc-iron alloy covered metal (trade mark:Z-Iron Aloyed Shot, diameter 0.2-0.3 mm, made by the Sanpo Co.) were blasted onto SUS 304 stainless steel wire which had an oxide film of diameter 2.3 mm using a shot blasting system and the stainless steel wire was coated with 10 g/mm2 of zinc-iron alloy.
miS wire was then subjected to a 5 minute immersion treatment in a conventional zinc phosphate based treatment solution at 75-80C
and a 12 g/m2 film of a zinc phosphate system was formed. The sample was then rinsed with water and dried. The lubrication properties of the wire were then evaluated using a wire drawing tester. Moreover calcium stearate in powder form was placed in the die box before the drawing process and used as a lubricant.
The results obtained on drawing the wire under the conditions shown in Table 2 were good in that there was no baking even after the third pass.
Table 2 . , Drawing Rate 50 m/min.
Extent of Working First Pass: 27.4%
Second Pass: 20%
Third Pass: 20%
. .
Reference ExamPle 2 The results obtained on carrying out the same method of treatment and tests as in Example 2 except for the exclusion of the shot blasting process with the zinc-iron alloy coated particles showed that no zinc phosphate based film was formed under these conditions. The results of an evaluation of the lubrication properties using the wire drawing type tester showed that baking occurred on the first pass.
3~30 Reference Example 3 An oxalate film of 9 g/m2 was fonmed using the process outlined in Table 3 using the same type of stainless steel wire as in Example 2. m e lubrication properties were evaluated using the wire drawing tester in the same way as in Example 2.
The results showed that baking occurred on the second pass.
Table 3 Acid Wash L Water Rinse Chemlcal Forming ~Water Rinse ¦ Drying HN03-HF Town's Water Ferubond A Town's Water Hot Normal 35 grams per blcwer temp. liter, 90C at 100C
10 minutes 15 minutes 30 min.
~ ~ ~ 4~3~() Example 3 SCM-3 bar material of diameter 12mm was blasted for 10 minutes with zinc-iron alloy coated fine metal particles (trade mar~ Z-Iron Aloyed Shot, particle size 0.2-0.3 mm, made by the Sanpo Company) using a shot blasting system and a 15 g/m2 coating of zinc-iron alloy was formed on the bar. The bar was then treated for 5 minutes with a conventional zinc phosphate based treatment solution at a temperature of 65C and a 10 g/m2 zinc phosphate film was formed. The sample was then rinsed with water, treated for 5 minutes with a sodium stearate solution at a temperature of 75C and dried. A 7 g/m2 lubrication layer of stearic acid soap was formed in this way.
Drawing tests were carried out using a draw bench in order to evaluate the lubrication properties of this bar material.
The results obtained are shown in Table 5. When drawing under the conditions shown in Table 4 there was no baking and the drawing power was also low.
Table 4 .
Drawing Rate 17.8 m/min.
' Extent of First Pass 12.0~-~10.0~ Extent of Working 30.0%
Working Second Pass 10.0~ > 8.5~ Extent of Working 27.7 _ m ird Pass 8.5~-~ 7.0~ Extent of Working 32.2%
Reference Example 3' The weight of zinc phosphate based film formed as a result of carrying out the same tests and treatment as in Example 3 except for the omission of the shot blasting process with the zinc-iron alloy coated fine particles was 7 g/m2 and the film was seen to be incomplete on examination with a microscope. The chemical formation time was increased to 10 times that used in Example 3 whereupon a film of weight 11 g/m2 was obtained.
3493~
The lubrication properties of the bar so obtained were evaluated in the same way as in Example 3 and the results obtained are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 \ Item Number of Draws Drawing Force . Example \
Example 3 First Pass 3090 Second Pass 2369 . . Third Pass 2339 Reference ~ First Pass 3170 Example 3' Second Pass 2412 . Third Pass 2420 It is clear from Table 5 that the drawing force is lower in the case of the bar prepared in Example 3 than in the case of the bar from Reference Example 3', shcwing that the bar from Example 3 has superior lubrication properties.
Background of the Invention This invention concerns a lubrication treatment method for the cold working of metal materials such as steel, iron alloys such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum, magnesium, zirconium and alloys of these metals which are suitable for use in wire drawing, cold forging, spinning, tube drawlng etc.
Conventionally a phosphate film is formed on ~he base surface and this is subjected to a lubricating treatment when cold working iron and steel materials and it is well known that the phosphate film doe s not fail in cold working even when the extent of working is considerable.
In recent years materials other than iron and steel, for example stainless steel, hastalloy, incalloy, titanium, aluminum, magnesium, zirconium and alloys of these materials have found increasing application and the development of lubrication treat-ments to enable these materials to be cold worked to a consider-able extent in line with the development of the applications for these materials has become desirable. However, it is difficult to form a phosphate film on these metal materials in order to improve their potential for cold working and so they have been worked under conditions where no such film has been used. In the case of stainless steels an oxalate film has been used in place of a phosphate film but baking scmetimes occurs when a high degree of working is involved. Resin films have also been used as lubricating films in cases where the use of a formed film such as a phosphate film for example cannot be used. Hcwever these films are unsuitable for high degrees of cold working because of their poor adhesion to the metal materials, their Fcor heat resistance and their Foor lubricating properties.
A problem with the chemically formed films that are used as lubricating films at the present time is that, as mentionec earlier, it is difficult to form such films chemically with some ~ 284930 materials and from the point of view of operability the treatment time for the phosphate treatment of a steel material is quite long as some 10-30 minutes while a similarly long period of time is required for the formation of an oxalate film on stainless steel where a temperature of at least 90C is also required and so these processes are disadvantageous in terms of both efficiency and cost.
The objective of this invention is to form a metal film of zinc or zinc alloy on which a phosphate film can be formed easily while simultaneously physically removing the oxide film from the surface of the metal material, thus overcoming the prior problems of operability and cost.
Summary of the Invention The inventors have discovered a method of overcoming these difficulties in which, by blasting fine particles of zinc or zinc alloy or metal particles which are coated with zinc or zinc alloy onto the metal surfaoe using a shot blasting system, simul-taneously removing the surface oxide film from the surface of the metal, a film of zinc or zinc alloy is formed on the metal surface at the same time due to the impact of the said fine particles on the surface following which a zinc phosphate based film can be chemically formed easily and then a lubrication treatment applied.
The method of this invention can also be applied to the surfaces of metals on which there is no oxide film.
Detailed Description of the Invention Metals to which the invention can be applied include steel and stainless steel, any iron alloys including bearing steel, spring steel, high speed steel, and titanium, zirconium, nickel, cobalt, lybdenum and their alloys.
The fine particles of zinc or zinc alloy or the fine metal particles which have been coated with zinc or zinc alloy have a diameter of 0.2-1.1 mm for example and since a high level of hardness is preferred for removing the oxide film from the surface of the metal material the material known as Z-Iron Aloyed ~ ~X4'3~'3(1 Shot (trade m~r~)of hardness Hv ~- 350-450, made by the Sanpo Company by coating fine iron based particles with zinc, heating them and alloying the zinc film with the iron of the iron based particles and which are available commercially is suitable for this purpose.
The formation of a film of some 0.1-50 g/m of zinc or zinc alloy on the surface of the metal material is ideal in consideration of the economics of the process. m e shot blasting period has to be lengthened to increase the amount of zinc or zinc alloy filming.
Furthermore if a short time is employed for forming the said metal film the amount of shot blasted must be increased. me amount of shot blasted is generally of the order of a thickness of 10-150 mm over the surface of the material which is being shot blasted.
Any conventional acidic phosphate treatment solution for use with zinc materials can be used. For example no accelerator such as sodium nitrite is required when treatment is carried out using an aqueous acidic phosphate solution consisting of 5-100 grams per liter of phosphate ion, 3-50 grams per liter of zinc ion, 1-100 grams per liter of nitrate ion and 0-20 grams per liter of nickel ion for example. m e phosphate treatment is typically carried out by dipping or spraying for 5-10 minutes at a temperature in the range from normal temperature and 80& . me surface of the metal which is to be treated on which the film of zinc or zinc alloy has been formed can be subjected to a preliminary adjustment process with an aqueous adjusting solution which contains colloidal titanium in order to speed up the film forming reaction. After the metal which is being treated has been subjected to the phosphate forming treatment and a phosphate film has been formed on the surface of the said metal it may or may not be rinsed with water and it may or may not be dried before carrying out the final lubrication treat-ment.
m e lubrication treatment can take the form of a treatment with an aqueous solution of an alkali soap, a treatment with a solution which contains a metal soap, a treatment with a lubricating oil or a treatment with a solid lubricant for example.
~ X(~49~30 An example of an alkali soap treatment involves an immersion treatment lasting 1-10 minutes in an aqueous solution containing 40-60 grams/liter of a fatty acid soap such as sodium stearate at a temperature of 70-90C and then drying to form a film of lubricant and an example of a metal soap treatment involves treatment with a solvent dispersion of the metal salt of a fatty acid such as calcium stearate, barium stearate or zinc stearate etc. or with the metal salt of the fatty acid in powder form. Oils and fats, synthetic oils and mineral oils can be used as bases for a lubricating oil and these may be used in conjunction with sulfides, phosphides and chlorides as extreme pressure additives. Examples of solid lubricants other than metal soaps include molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, fluorinated resins, graphite and waxes in the form of powders or solvent dispersions. Resins may also be incorporated in order to improve the adhesion between the solid lubricant and the base surface.
The oxide film on the surface of the metal material is removed by shot blasting with fine particles of zinc or zinc alloy or fine particles of metal which have been coated with zinc or zinc alloy and at the same time a film of the zinc or zinc alloy which is firmly attached to or impregnated into the fine particles is formed on the surface of the metal material. A composite film of metallic zinc-phosphate is then formed on the surface of the metal material by subjecting the surface on which this film has been formed to a phosphate treatment and so an excellent base film is provided for the lubrication treatment. The phosphate film is composed of fine crystal clusters and so the retention of the lubricant is good and by subjecting this film to a lubrication treatment it is possible to provide excellent lubrication properties as a result of the synergistic action of the zinc or zinc alloy film - phosphate film - lubricant film system.
4~'33~) Examplç 1 Fine zinc particles of size 0.3 x 0.7 mm were used to shot blast the surface of a pure titanium sheet measuring 50 x 100 x 0.55 mm and a 15 g/m2 metallic zinc film was formed on the sheet.
The sheet was then immersed for 10 minutes in a conventional zinc phosphate based treatment solution for zinc at a temperature of 62-68C and a 9.8 g/m2 zinc phosphate based film was formed. The sample was rinsed with water and then immersed for 5 minutes in aqueous lubricant solution of which the principal component was sodium stearate at a temperature of 72-88C and dried to form a film with a 7 g/m2 stearic acid soap fraction.
The lubrication properties of the treated material were evaluated using a Bowden type friction wear testing machine and the results obtained are shcwn in Table 1.
Reference Ex~-,ple 1 For Reference Example 1 the treatment and tests of Example 1 were repeated without using the shot blasting process with the fine zinc particles. No phosphate film was formed in this case and the results obtained on evaluating the lubrication properties in the same way as in Example 1 are shown in Table 1.
It is clear from Table 1 that the sample treated in Example 1 had a lower coefficient of friction at 0.08 than the sample from Reference Example 1 and it was also superior in that it required 1200 rubbings to cause baking.
Table 1 '~
~ Item Coefficient Number of Rubbing Example ~ of Friction Strokes to Cause Baking ¦
Example 1 0.08 1200 Reference Example 1 0.1 5 , Bowden Test Conditions:
Load 5 Kg.
Stroke Length 10 mm.
Temperature Room temperature Pressing Probe Material SW -2 5~ steel ball ~ 2~4~
Example 2 Fine particles of zinc-iron alloy covered metal (trade mark:Z-Iron Aloyed Shot, diameter 0.2-0.3 mm, made by the Sanpo Co.) were blasted onto SUS 304 stainless steel wire which had an oxide film of diameter 2.3 mm using a shot blasting system and the stainless steel wire was coated with 10 g/mm2 of zinc-iron alloy.
miS wire was then subjected to a 5 minute immersion treatment in a conventional zinc phosphate based treatment solution at 75-80C
and a 12 g/m2 film of a zinc phosphate system was formed. The sample was then rinsed with water and dried. The lubrication properties of the wire were then evaluated using a wire drawing tester. Moreover calcium stearate in powder form was placed in the die box before the drawing process and used as a lubricant.
The results obtained on drawing the wire under the conditions shown in Table 2 were good in that there was no baking even after the third pass.
Table 2 . , Drawing Rate 50 m/min.
Extent of Working First Pass: 27.4%
Second Pass: 20%
Third Pass: 20%
. .
Reference ExamPle 2 The results obtained on carrying out the same method of treatment and tests as in Example 2 except for the exclusion of the shot blasting process with the zinc-iron alloy coated particles showed that no zinc phosphate based film was formed under these conditions. The results of an evaluation of the lubrication properties using the wire drawing type tester showed that baking occurred on the first pass.
3~30 Reference Example 3 An oxalate film of 9 g/m2 was fonmed using the process outlined in Table 3 using the same type of stainless steel wire as in Example 2. m e lubrication properties were evaluated using the wire drawing tester in the same way as in Example 2.
The results showed that baking occurred on the second pass.
Table 3 Acid Wash L Water Rinse Chemlcal Forming ~Water Rinse ¦ Drying HN03-HF Town's Water Ferubond A Town's Water Hot Normal 35 grams per blcwer temp. liter, 90C at 100C
10 minutes 15 minutes 30 min.
~ ~ ~ 4~3~() Example 3 SCM-3 bar material of diameter 12mm was blasted for 10 minutes with zinc-iron alloy coated fine metal particles (trade mar~ Z-Iron Aloyed Shot, particle size 0.2-0.3 mm, made by the Sanpo Company) using a shot blasting system and a 15 g/m2 coating of zinc-iron alloy was formed on the bar. The bar was then treated for 5 minutes with a conventional zinc phosphate based treatment solution at a temperature of 65C and a 10 g/m2 zinc phosphate film was formed. The sample was then rinsed with water, treated for 5 minutes with a sodium stearate solution at a temperature of 75C and dried. A 7 g/m2 lubrication layer of stearic acid soap was formed in this way.
Drawing tests were carried out using a draw bench in order to evaluate the lubrication properties of this bar material.
The results obtained are shown in Table 5. When drawing under the conditions shown in Table 4 there was no baking and the drawing power was also low.
Table 4 .
Drawing Rate 17.8 m/min.
' Extent of First Pass 12.0~-~10.0~ Extent of Working 30.0%
Working Second Pass 10.0~ > 8.5~ Extent of Working 27.7 _ m ird Pass 8.5~-~ 7.0~ Extent of Working 32.2%
Reference Example 3' The weight of zinc phosphate based film formed as a result of carrying out the same tests and treatment as in Example 3 except for the omission of the shot blasting process with the zinc-iron alloy coated fine particles was 7 g/m2 and the film was seen to be incomplete on examination with a microscope. The chemical formation time was increased to 10 times that used in Example 3 whereupon a film of weight 11 g/m2 was obtained.
3493~
The lubrication properties of the bar so obtained were evaluated in the same way as in Example 3 and the results obtained are shown in Table 5.
Table 5 \ Item Number of Draws Drawing Force . Example \
Example 3 First Pass 3090 Second Pass 2369 . . Third Pass 2339 Reference ~ First Pass 3170 Example 3' Second Pass 2412 . Third Pass 2420 It is clear from Table 5 that the drawing force is lower in the case of the bar prepared in Example 3 than in the case of the bar from Reference Example 3', shcwing that the bar from Example 3 has superior lubrication properties.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preparing metals for cold forming comprising blasting the surface of the metal with fine particles of zinc or zinc alloy or fine metal particles which are coated with zinc or zinc alloy to form a zinc or zinc alloy film on the surface of the metal, forming a phosphate film on the said zinc or zinc alloy film and then forming a lubricating coating thereon.
2. The process of Claim 1 wherein the fine particles have a diameter of 0.2-1.1 mm.
3. The process of Claim 1 wherein the zinc or zinc alloy film has a coating weight of 0.1-50 g/m2.
4. A process of cold forming a metal article comprising preparing the surface in accordance with Claim 1 and then cold forming the metal article.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60111590A JPS61269929A (en) | 1985-05-24 | 1985-05-24 | Lubricating treatment of metallic material |
| JP60-111590 | 1985-05-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1284930C true CA1284930C (en) | 1991-06-18 |
Family
ID=14565220
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000509291A Expired - Fee Related CA1284930C (en) | 1985-05-24 | 1986-05-15 | Process for preparing a metal for cold forming |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61269929A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU580408B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8602325A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1284930C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2175611B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ215988A (en) |
Families Citing this family (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6268647A (en) * | 1985-09-21 | 1987-03-28 | Dowa Teppun Kogyo Kk | Manufacture of lubricating metallic film in metallic material for plastic working |
| JPS6283477A (en) * | 1985-10-08 | 1987-04-16 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | Surface treatment of iron and steel products |
| JPS63174748A (en) * | 1987-01-14 | 1988-07-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for continuous drawing of ti and ti alloy wire rod for cold forging |
| JPS63190180A (en) * | 1987-02-02 | 1988-08-05 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Method for continuously drawing stainless steel wire rod |
| JP2701277B2 (en) * | 1987-12-09 | 1998-01-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Work processing method |
| JPH03215684A (en) * | 1990-01-18 | 1991-09-20 | Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd | Lubricating film treatment for aluminum |
| US5277048A (en) * | 1992-11-20 | 1994-01-11 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | Process and apparatus for treating the surface of an elongated, steel alloy form to facilitate cold working thereof |
| FR2790983B1 (en) * | 1999-03-15 | 2001-06-22 | Dacral Sa | METHOD OF FORMING METAL PARTS BY COLD DEFORMATION |
| JP4495325B2 (en) * | 1999-12-20 | 2010-07-07 | 株式会社アーレスティ | Engine block manufacturing method |
| TW571000B (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2004-01-11 | Nihon Parkerizing | Methods of preparing metal wires for plastic processing |
| US8230899B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2012-07-31 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Systems and methods for forming and processing alloy ingots |
| US9267184B2 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2016-02-23 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Systems and methods for processing alloy ingots |
| US10207312B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2019-02-19 | Ati Properties Llc | Lubrication processes for enhanced forgeability |
| US8789254B2 (en) | 2011-01-17 | 2014-07-29 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Modifying hot workability of metal alloys via surface coating |
| US9539636B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-01-10 | Ati Properties Llc | Articles, systems, and methods for forging alloys |
| WO2017077514A1 (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-05-11 | Phosfan Ltd. | Composite phosphate coatings |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU426079B2 (en) * | 1968-02-09 | 1972-07-17 | Fuji Iron & Steel Company Limited | Surface treated steel sheet suitable for forming |
| DE3270379D1 (en) * | 1981-08-19 | 1986-05-15 | Pennwalt Corp | Cold forming lubricants and process |
-
1985
- 1985-05-24 JP JP60111590A patent/JPS61269929A/en active Granted
-
1986
- 1986-04-29 NZ NZ215988A patent/NZ215988A/en unknown
- 1986-05-05 AU AU57103/86A patent/AU580408B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-05-15 CA CA000509291A patent/CA1284930C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-05-22 BR BR8602325A patent/BR8602325A/en unknown
- 1986-05-23 GB GB8612650A patent/GB2175611B/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2175611B (en) | 1989-07-19 |
| GB8612650D0 (en) | 1986-07-02 |
| AU5710386A (en) | 1986-11-27 |
| NZ215988A (en) | 1988-04-29 |
| JPH0355204B2 (en) | 1991-08-22 |
| AU580408B2 (en) | 1989-01-12 |
| JPS61269929A (en) | 1986-11-29 |
| GB2175611A (en) | 1986-12-03 |
| BR8602325A (en) | 1987-01-21 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |