JPH02135280A - Dry distillation and gasification in incineration treatment and device therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To control an amount of oxygen fed in connection with a detected heat release value, to raise durability of device and to obtain a dry distillation gas having high combustion efficiency by detecting difference between an amount of oxygen fed to an incineration furnace of waste and an amount of oxygen demand of formed combustible gas through change of heat release value outside the furnace. CONSTITUTION:A gas generating furnace 2 comprising a closed container having an air feed opening 4 connected to an oxygen feeder 5 and a discharge vent 18 of generated combustible gas is packed with waste (e.g., waste tire) 3 and oxygen is fed from oxygen feed holes 9 and 9' to subject the waste 3 to dry distillation. The generated combustible gas is introduced from the discharge vent 18 to a combustion chamber 26 connected to a gas suction inlet 24 and equipped with a burner 23, burnt, difference between an amount of oxygen fed to the furnace and an amount of oxygen demand of combustible gas evolved in the furnace is detected as change of heat release value through combustion of gas outside the furnace by a temperature sensor 35, an amount of oxygen fed to the gas generating chamber 2 is increased and reduced by a control device 35'' and controlled in connection with the detected heat release value to completely burn the waste 3.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The disclosed technology is applicable to waste incineration treatment of industrial waste such as scrap tires and IC electronic components, or general waste such as kitchen waste, and gas accompanying the treatment. belongs to the field of technology for use in combustion.

The invention of this application uses a closed container such as an incinerator or an incineration gas generating furnace to treat combustible components of general waste, including industrial waste and municipal waste, in a high-temperature furnace above the decomposition temperature. The combustion process is controlled by suppressing the supply of oxygen necessary for combustion in the internal atmosphere, and volatile components such as flammable gases are generated.
This invention relates to a dry distillation gasification method that is accelerated and used for processing such as incineration or generation of combustion gas, and an apparatus directly utilized for this method. The burner is operated by using the flammable gas generated in the furnace as fuel, and the amount of heat generated at that time is detected by a temperature sensor installed facing the combustion part of the burner. When the amount of heat is generated in a temperature range higher than the set value of the sensor, the control device of the oxygen supply device performs valve closing control such as reducing the amount of air supplied to the furnace to suppress the generation of flammable gas. An invention relating to a dry distillation gasification method and device that stably controls the generation of heat and efficiently performs processing, such as by operating a combustible gasification of waste and supplying it to a burner at the same time. I'll go.

<Prior art> As is well known, with the development of industry, the purchasing power and consumption power in citizens' lives has increased, and the amount of waste such as supplies and garbage has increased year by year. As the amount of waste increases, it becomes necessary to dispose of human and human waste from the perspective of environmental conservation and pollution prevention. In such cases, efforts are being made to utilize the waste heat generated from the incineration.

Therefore, waste is intended to be reused as a fuel or chemical product raw material, and in the process of incineration, sufficient oxygen is naturally required for combustion, which generates heat. A minimum heating temperature is required to start combustion, and depending on the waste, for example, combustible production products such as resin products of electronic equipment parts such as IC parts and waste tires may be decomposed into humidity by blocking air. Alternatively, a processing technology that generates flammable gas by heating it even more intensely and thermally decomposing it is also necessary. Furnaces and the like have been widely put into practical use.

Then, a material to be combusted, such as a tire, is put into the furnace housing, which is generally made of a refractory material such as bricks, or a fully bent 4Z, and the material to be combusted, such as a tire, is placed in a predetermined position through a supply port connected to an oxygen supply device. Water vapor as oxygen or water gas is fed into the furnace and the igniter is ignited to keep the sealed housing filled with a combustion atmosphere. Efforts are being made to utilize this heat source by generating it, discharging it and recovering it from a predetermined outlet, and using it as fuel for the boiler by installing a boiler in advance.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, in the above-mentioned gas generation process, the amount of oxygen consumed in the furnace is not constant due to factors such as the bulk of the objects to be burned in the furnace, and it also takes a long time. If the consumption amount changes and the supply amount becomes unbalanced, the necessary flammable gas will not be generated efficiently, and the temperature inside the furnace will rise excessively, resulting in the combustion of the recovered gas before it is recovered. Therefore, it is necessary to optimally control and adjust the amount of oxygen supplied in the closed container by balancing the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of oxygen supplied.

Therefore, when combustible gas is generated, a worker must adjust the valve of the oxygen supply device while measuring and checking the purity using a designated measuring device, etc., or control the oxygen supply system using a designated electronic control device. This is a commonly adopted mode.

Furthermore, automation of such control requires the incorporation of complex control device sounds to detect the concentration of combustible waste, the temperature inside the furnace, and the volume of the material to be burned, making the device complex and There were disadvantages such as increasing the size, decreasing the durability of the sensor, and significantly shortening the life of the measuring device, and making it difficult to perform sufficient control.

In addition, since the equipment and mechanism are complicated, maintenance points must be reduced t'if1.
The disadvantage was that maintenance became troublesome, resulting in a decrease in efficiency (8), which resulted in higher costs.

In addition, in order to uniformly burn and decompose the materials to be combusted, it is necessary to uniformly and smoothly decompose a large number of air supply holes in the furnace by circulating them over a wide range. As the ashing progresses, ash such as tar settles in the furnace, causing the inconvenience that the air supply port may become clogged, resulting in the inconvenience that effective scuming cannot be carried out.

<Purpose of the Invention> The purpose of the invention of this application is to solve the problem of resource reprinting associated with waste incineration based on the above-mentioned conventional technology Todoi, and to solve the problem of storing combustion in a furnace as a technical problem. When incinerating FQS materials, the waste treatment is stabilized by highly reliable control of the generation of flammable gas, which is then used as a heat source to incinerate the waste into scum. It is an excellent dry distillation method that fully clears the soot and smoke standards when discharging into the atmosphere, and prevents air pollution through pollution-free combustion, benefiting the field of waste science and technology publication in the pollution prevention industry. gasification method and equipment.

<Means/effects for solving the problem> In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention, which is summarized in the scope of the above-mentioned claims, is as follows:
During dry distillation, in which chemical compound components are burned to generate flammable gas and energy is recovered as a treatment for incineration caps of industrial waste and general waste, a large number of nozzles are installed at the bottom of the closed container. An ignition device is installed in the furnace so that water-based gases such as oxygen and water vapor are introduced into the furnace, and the combustible waste such as scrap tires that are put into the sealed container is ignited as specified. When controlling the combustion reaction to proceed in the high-temperature furnace atmosphere and generate flammable gas as the materials to be burned are incinerated, the combustible gas must be connected to the exhaust port of the closed container in advance to generate flammable gas inside the furnace. A burner is installed to extract heat by directly burning flammable gas, and a temperature sensor is installed in the combustion part of the burner to indirectly detect the heat generated by the combustible scum (11) generated in the furnace. After that,
The O1I control device can be connected to the air supply device, or the flammable gas generated in the furnace can be led to another boiler etc. via a pipe etc. and can be used in the combustion furnace by being combusted by a burner. Then, the oxygen was intermittently supplied to the air supply port such as a nozzle installed at the bottom of the furnace by opening and closing the valve, and 471 t! in,
This is a technical measure in which a temperature sensor is installed inside the furnace, and the supply of oxygen can be automatically continued or interrupted as the temperature inside the furnace rises, providing the optimal amount of air supply.

In addition, metamorphosis occurs in the bacteria container because the suspension of air supplied suppresses the amount of oxygen actually required for combustion and ashing of the combustible material over time. Therefore, if the combustion is rapid, the temperature inside the furnace will rise excessively and the flammable gas will not be released.
If the amount of oxygen being sent is insufficient, it's time to bake! ! ! This causes the reaction to stop midway through the process, resulting in a drastic reaction.

<Example> Next, an example of the invention of this application will be described as follows with reference to the dry distillation gasification apparatus 1 shown in FIG.

In Fig. 1, reference numeral 2 denotes a gas generating furnace, in which waste tires 3.3, which are waste materials to be burned, are used as gasification combustion materials, and a predetermined number of gas generators are installed at the bottom. A large number of fine-diameter air supply holes 4 are bored and connected to an air supply device 5 installed outside the furnace, so that oxygen can be introduced into the Class 2 interior.

Furthermore, the bottom plate 6 made of a steel plate at the bottom of the furnace is a female-shaped plate integrally formed with the furnace frame 7, and is formed in the center in a four-sided manner. Although omitted above,
After combustion, the ash or non-combustible material (■ The hatch connected to the outlet is 1"4, and is usually closed with a lever (not shown) to make it airtight through a gasket. It is integrated inside and bit.

As shown in FIG. 2, a predetermined number of small holes 4'4'... or 12 nozzles are formed in the concave portion of the bottom plate 6 as air supply ports. A screw-like plug 8 is attached to each of the holes 4', and each plug 8 has a hemispherical head exposed in the furnace, and an oxygen-conducting cavity is concentrically connected to the terminal of the pressure section. The terminal is guided outside the furnace and connected to a predetermined pipe, and is connected to an oxygen supply source 1 through a valve 9.
It is fixed to 0.

In addition, a small hole 4 as another air supply port is provided on the oblique surface of the bottom plate 6.
A predetermined number of 7 4N tubes are provided, and a plug 8', which is substantially the same as the plug 8, is fitted into the small hole 4' in the same way as the air supply port 4', and is in contact with the oxygen sampler 9'. It's being read.

Incidentally, the scum generating furnace 2 has a furnace frame 7 of double-walled construction made of sudil, and the bottom plate 6 is removably fitted to the bottom.
A benefit body 12 having a door 11 for introducing ``I''/IJ (for example, waste tires) 3 to be burned as a fuel material is attached to the upper part so as to be openable and closable, and is integrated to form a furnace body. On the other hand, the hollow part of the furnace frame 7 of the gas generating furnace 2 is used as a water jacket to prevent overheating, and is water-cooled to prevent troubles caused by overheating and to utilize hot water. A water tank 13 is connected to the joint opened at the bottom of the furnace frame 7, and a steam separator 1 is connected to the hollow part formed by the body 12 through the joint.
4/] The separated steam is returned to the water tank 13.

Regarding the replenishment of cooling water into the jacket 1, a limit switch 15 is provided to control the opening and closing of a valve 17 from a soft water tank 16.

Furthermore, an exhaust port 18 is provided at a predetermined position in the upper part of the furnace frame 7, passing through the furnace frame 7, so that the inside and outside of the furnace 2 are communicated with each other.

An appropriate electromagnetic opening/closing valve 19 which can be controlled to be turned ON or OFF is interposed in the discharge port 18, and a controller 19' is installed from the outside at a predetermined location so that the opening/closing is controlled by a signal from the controller 19'. is being used.

A temperature sensor 20 is installed at a predetermined position on the upper part of the furnace frame 7.
is installed with its sensor terminal facing into the furnace 2, and a predetermined control device 20' controls the opening and closing of the oxygen supply device 9'.

Further, the bottom of the furnace 2 is equipped with an appropriate electric ignition device 21, which is ignited by turning on and off an operating switch (not shown) provided outside the furnace 2, and ignites the tires 3. has been done.

The combustible gas 22 is generated within the furnace 2.

23 is a burner, which is connected to the gas outlet 18 of the gas generating furnace 2 and the gas inlet 24 of the burner 23 through a pipe 25, so that mutual operation is carried out in a coordinated manner for effective resource recovery and utilization. It is intended to be offered to

The gas inlet 24 of the burner 23 is provided with an appropriate cooling jacket (not shown) interposed therein, penetrates through the combustion section formed in the cylindrical body using a heat insulating material, and is opened to the combustion section 26 .

Furthermore, a shutter 27 is provided on the front shaft of the combustion section 26, and a six-fire device is installed behind the shutter 27, which is connected to a temperature sensor 28 provided facing the combustion section 26. The published version [628' is the fuel tank 29's fuel i'-
The opening and closing of the '1 supply hull 729' is controlled, and an igniter 31 is connected to the nitrogen supply source 30 to perform ignition at a predetermined time.

Further, air supply ports 32, 33, 34 are arranged in a row in the combustion section 26, and each air supply port 32, 33, 34 is connected to the air supply source 30 via an on-off valve 32', 33', 34'. The combustible gas 22 connected to the burner 23 and supplied from the gas generating furnace 2 is sufficiently burned in the burner 23.

Then, facing the output part of the burner 23, the temperature sensor +j
Set temperature 11, e.g. 1000' when placed at 35 or V2
The control ON by the temperature sensor 35 is used to supply air to the combustion section 26 of the burner 23 and to the gas generating furnace 2, and to control the air supply port 32 and the air supply port. 34 are provided with a supply valve 36 and a supply valve 37, respectively, to receive the signal of the temperature sensor 35 via controllers 35' and 35'', and a supply valve 34 is provided with an air supply valve 34 for the air supply of the gas generating furnace 2. The valve is opened and closed in accordance with a signal from a temperature sensor 35 via a controller 35'' with 38 and 38 interposed therebetween.

In the above-mentioned combination, in the process of incinerating the waste tires 3.3... of waste materials to be burned, 1) combustible gas is generated, and by burning the gas 22, the burner 23 cleans it. High-temperature products can be effectively obtained by combustion.

That is, when the input door 11 is opened and the waste tires 3.3... are thrown into the furnace of the gas generating furnace 2, the equipment for incineration is made due to the blockage of the coins 11, and the inside of the furnace is filled with air. be done.

Then, by turning on the operating switch 21' of the ignition device 21, the waste tire 3 is ignited and combustion within the furnace 2 is started.

In Class 2, the supply of oxygen by the oxygen supply devices 9 and 9' is cut off, except for the supply of air in the furnace, so as to promote dry distillation.

In addition, this oxygen supply is outside the detection operation range of the temperature sensor 20 that monitors the temperature inside the gas generating furnace 2 below a set value, and the temperature sensor 35 placed in the burner 23, and the oxygen supply to the gas generating furnace 2 is Dry distillation is promoted by controlling the supply in a prescribed manner.

When the waste tie A73 reaches its ignition point and combustion begins, the ignition device 21 is stopped and the temperature inside the furnace is set to, for example, about 80'C after ignition, as shown in FIG. Thereafter, as time passes, the waste tie A73 is stored and burned, and the temperature inside the furnace increases toward the upper limit of 1.

In the furnace of the gas generating furnace 2, which is separated between tables, the supply of the wick system is cut off and the wick is insufficient for complete combustion; This occurs and accumulates, generating flammable gas 22.

In this case, the generated gas is stored in the upper part.

And a large number of waste tires were put into category 23.3...
The thermal decomposition that starts in the partial range of 2 naturally spreads over a wide range during the combustion process within the class 2, and as the accumulation progresses, a large amount of combustible gas 22 is generated.

Thus, the combustible gas 22 generated in the furnace diffuses and flows through the pipe 25 by opening the on-off valve 19 of the exhaust port 18.
It flows into the suction port 24 of the burner 23.

Then, the burner 23 starts operating, the flammable gas 22 reacts through the flame propagation of the igniter 31 of the burner 23, and sufficient berries for combustion are supplied from the air supply source 30 in the combustion flame 26. The fuel is combusted, a predetermined amount of heat is obtained, and it is put to effective use in a predetermined manner.

However, there are cases where the detection temperature M3 of the temperature sensor 35 provided at the output part of the burner 23 is exceeded, and the calorific value of the combustible gas 25 is high and the temperature sensor 35
is activated, the signal reaches the controller 35'' of the supply valve 38.38 connected to the air supply port 4' of the gas generating furnace 2, and closes the supply valve 38.

Therefore, the supply of oxygen inside the gas generating furnace 2 is suppressed, preventing an excessive upper limit of the combustion temperature, and as shown in FIG. , a reaction layer is formed as a heat transfer layer 3d, a fluidized layer 30, and a red-hot layer 13b in the lower layer, and at the bottom, ash 3a is deposited as an ash layer due to the fall of tar, and combustible scum is formed by dry distillation. 22 is encouraged to occur.

Therefore, by controlling the intermittent air supply TL such as VT and VT, 92 reservoirs are created, and a combustible gas with good combustion efficiency is obtained. At the temperature shown in Figure 3, the waste tires 3.3 are decomposed and the temperature is suppressed to 260°C to 280°C at the end of gasification.

Furthermore, the temperature sensor 20 installed in Class 2 is activated at the end of gasification, and the signal is sent to the air 1 via the control device 20'.
j! , the combustion of the waste tires 3, 3 shifts to ashing under predetermined oxygen supply control by slowing the opening/closing valve operation to the oxygen supply device 9' connected to the supply port 4'', and at the same time, the burner 23 The amount of combustion heat decreases, and the waste gasification by waste ties V3, 3 is completed at a predetermined time.

In addition, during the ashing process by the above-mentioned sump, the air supply ports 4'4', 4'', 4#, etc. provided at the bottom of the scum generating furnace 2 are screwed. shaped plug 8.8
' is used as a supply passage, and the periphery of the tip is formed to bulge on the surface of the bottom plate 6, so that the flow of tar and ash that accumulates at the bottom of the furnace bypasses each plug 8, preventing blockage of the nozzle. The oxygen supply function of the gasification head is maintained without any problems.

When a predetermined amount of 1.0 yen of waste is completed by the dumping combustion, the mulch 6' provided on the bottom plate 6 is removed and ash and incombustible materials are scraped out in a predetermined manner.

<Other Embodiments> Furthermore, the embodiment of the invention of this application is different from the above-mentioned basic embodiment, and as shown in FIG. A temperature sensor 43 is installed so as to feed the combustible gas 22 produced at 2' to the combustion chamber 41 of the boiler 40, facing the pipe section 42 where heat exchange is most significant in the heat exchange section of the boiler 40. In this way, the generation of combustible gas can be controlled and steam can be generated efficiently.

Incidentally, the exhaust gas after combustion passes through the Kniferon 44, where dust is separated, clears soot standards, and is discharged to a predetermined location.

In addition, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, an opening/closing damper 39 is installed in the cone-shaped bottom of the furnace 2 to discharge the ash all at once, so that the oxygen rises in Class 2 and the tar content smoothly descends. This is how it was done.

The embodiments of the invention of this application are, of course, not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. For example, a plurality of gas generating furnaces may be connected to the burner and the airtightness of the gas generating furnace may be utilized. In this process, thermal decomposition of waste tires and other materials to be combusted is carried out in parallel with a gas generating furnace that is already in operation, and in other waste generating furnaces, a process is added to enhance the metamorphosis of the waste and gasification is carried out. The mode of smooth flow type etc. can be freely adopted.

Furthermore, the target of waste is not limited to scrap tires;
In addition, it is possible to use dry distillation, gasification, and incineration (M1) treatment, which can be used for a large number of waste products such as IC print waste, and other waste materials such as factory waste and kitchen waste from cities can also be sent directly to the incinerator. It can be used freely, and valuable materials such as rare metals contained in the ash can be easily recovered and reprinted, and incombustible materials such as steel wires loaded into tires can be separated. Processing can be done quickly.

In addition, in the invention of this application, the tR = material is used as a heat source as in the latter embodiment described above, and the waste can be fully utilized for the operation of the combustion furnace, and the size of the device, unit size, etc. It goes without saying that the simultaneous operation of multiple units or multiple units is within the spirit of the invention of this application within the scope of a mere design change.

<Effects of the Invention> As described above, according to the invention of this application, basically, when incinerating waste such as ring tires, a gas generator is used to burn waste tie A7 to turn it into combustible scum, thereby improving usability. Generates a gas with excellent combustion efficiency from the viewpoint of resource reprinting *2 Indispensable to the reservoir gasification method, when generating flammable gas in a gas generating furnace, it is possible to generate a stable gas with high combustion efficiency without using a complicated detector. When gas is used as a heat source for boilers, etc., the heat exchange rate can be significantly increased, and the life of equipment such as boilers can be extended.

Therefore, as a method of using combustible waste, it is directly combusted to detect the heat temperature, and as a means of measuring the productivity of gas generated in the gas generating furnace, a temperature sensor is installed in the combustion part of the burner. By transmitting the sensor signal to the control device for supplying positive element to the gas generating furnace and activating it, the so-called feedback system 1311 can be formed without using multiple electric circuits, and it can be used in high temperature regions. The sensor installed in the latter half of the incineration process is highly reliable against temperature changes, increasing the durability of the entire device, preventing malfunctions, and ensuring safe operation. Ru.

In this way, combustible gas with good combustibility is produced in a gas generating furnace, and the gas is directly or indirectly fed to a burner used for combustion, where it is completely combusted and a high amount of heat is generated. By providing sufficient air supply, an excellent effect can be obtained in that sufficient measures against pollution such as air pollution when exhaust gas is released into the atmosphere can be taken.

Furthermore, since the furnace body of the gas generating furnace is covered by a cooling jacket, it is always kept at a stable temperature and accidents such as overheating do not occur. It can respond smoothly to internal combustion, improves the efficiency of combustion of scum by sump gasification 1, and provides a stable incineration facility with good efficiency and shutdown 9. The excellent effect of being able to be installed in a treatment plant is achieved.

The air supply ports provided in the gas generating furnace are provided with a large number of nozzles on the bottom plate to improve the reaction atmosphere in the furnace as much as possible, but to maintain a uniform reaction throughout the furnace. In addition, during ashing in the latter half of the incineration process, the air supply port is prevented from clogging by the bulging shape of the nozzle head, and a sufficient air supply is achieved until the end of the incineration process. Ru.

Furthermore, according to the sump gasification method of the invention of this application, the sludge treatment of combustible materials can be avoided by putting suspended sludge such as lye, which is inconvenient to process, in the upper layer of the closed container to avoid sublimation.
The excellent effect of being able to carry out efficient baking 11 processing in a short period of time is achieved.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings are detailed explanatory diagrams of the invention of this application, and the first country is a schematic flow diagram of a storage gasifier in one embodiment, and the second figure is a partial cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the air supply port of the gas generating furnace. , Fig. 3 is a graph of the furnace temperature in the combustion process and the combustion temperature variation of the burner, Fig. 4 is a diagram of the combustion mode inside the gas generating furnace, and Fig. 5 is a steam recovery utilization device in another embodiment. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a furnace body with a damper according to another embodiment. 6... Bottom plate, 8... Plug 3... Waste (waste tire) 2... Gas generator,
4... Air supply port, 22... Flammable gas, 35...
・・Temperature sensor 5 ・Awakening element supply device 9.9′・・
・Oxygen supply device, 4', 4''...Air supply port, 2...Gas generating furnace, 18...Discharge port, 1...Sump gasification incineration treatment device, 24...Dust suction Mouth, 23...Burna, 35...
・Temperature sensor, 35''...Control device, Fig. 3-I Washing machine 2--One step generated t6--Hoso 4f---Nos + b9 7 racks. 77 + 1 O

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) When incinerating waste, in a dry distillation gasification method in which the oxygen necessary for complete combustion is suppressed and suppressed for a predetermined period of time in the atmosphere inside a high-temperature furnace, the amount of oxygen supplied to the furnace and the amount of combustible material generated in the furnace are determined. A dry distillation gasification method characterized by detecting a change in calorific value through combustion of the gas outside the furnace and controlling the difference between the oxygen demand and the oxygen demand of the gas in a coordinated manner. (2) In a dry distillation gasifier in which a flammable gas outlet is provided in a closed container that has an air supply port connected to an oxygen supply device, a burner is attached by connecting a gas inlet to the closed container. A temperature sensor is attached to the output combustion section of the burner, and a signal from the temperature sensor is input to a control device linked to the oxygen supply device to increase or decrease the amount of oxygen supply to control combustion. A dry distillation gasification device featuring: (3) A patent characterized in that the air supply port is provided near the bottom of the airtight container and is formed into a plurality of nozzles, and the peripheral portion of the nozzle is formed to descend in a convex shape. A dry distillation gasification apparatus according to claim 2. (4) The dry distillation gasification apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the air supply port is provided with a drop-off round-head plug.