JPH0692590B2 - Dry distillation gasification treatment method of polymer waste and dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION <Industrial field of application> The present invention relates to a dry distillation gasification treatment method and dry distillation gasification for treating high-molecular waste such as waste tires, waste plastics, or medical waste. The present invention relates to a processing device.

<Prior art> Wastes of high-molecular-weight petroleum synthetic products such as waste tires and waste plastics do not spontaneously decompose or decompose and maintain their shape semi-permanently. The current situation is that these polymer wastes cannot be treated. In addition, recently, with the increase in medical waste such as disposable syringes, the problem of secondary infection is becoming a serious social problem. These medical wastes include glass and metals such as injection needles, but the mainstream is still high-molecular petroleum synthetic products such as plastic and rubber.

The above-mentioned waste tires, waste plastics, high-molecular wastes such as medical wastes can be decomposed without any trace if incinerated, and in particular, in the case of medical wastes, there is also the problem of secondary infection. It can be resolved.

However, when high-polymer waste is incinerated, it emits a large amount of harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides and soot, which cause air pollution, as well as a large amount of combustion energy. However, there was a problem in that the deterioration of the incinerator was accelerated due to a sharp rise in the temperature. Therefore, recently, an incineration method has been used in which a high-polymer waste is burned in a primary combustion furnace and exhaust gas generated by the combustion is completely burned in a secondary combustion furnace (for example, JP-A-2-21120). Etc.).

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, since the combustion cannot be controlled by the conventional incineration method, the composition of the gas generated in the primary combustion furnace is not constant. Therefore, the exhaust gas from the secondary combustion furnace will inevitably contain the harmful substances, and in order to prevent air pollution, these harmful substances should be removed by the auxiliary combustion device, catalyst, dust collector, etc. A device for doing so is required. Therefore, in the conventional incineration method, there is a problem that the processing equipment becomes complicated and huge in combination with the need of two combustion furnaces, and enormous energy is required for the processing.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances,
A dry distillation gasification treatment method for polymer waste that does not require complicated and huge equipment and a large amount of energy, and that does not generate harmful substances that cause air pollution,
It is intended to provide a device for its implementation.

<Means for Solving the Problems> In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors have conducted various studies on the combustion reaction of polymer wastes, and as a result, specified a dry distillation can with a specific structure If dry distillation is performed under the conditions of
Treatment of polymer waste while recovering clean dry plastic gas that has sufficient naturalness and does not generate harmful substances that cause air pollution when burned, and that has a large burning energy. The present invention has been completed and the present invention has been completed.

That is, the method for dry distillation gasification treatment of polymer waste according to the present invention is a vertical type equipped with a water-cooling jacket type double-structured can body having a charging port at an upper part and an ignition part at a lower part in a batch system Of the dry distillation can is filled with polymer waste, and less than 20% of the air amount necessary for combustion of the polymer waste is supplied into the dry distillation can, and the temperature of the dry distillation can during dry distillation is increased. While limiting the temperature below the ignition temperature of the combustible dry distillation gas generated from the polymer waste, igniting from the ignition part and recovering the dry distillation gas generated by dry distillation from the upper part of the dry distillation can. After gradually heating the system waste from the bottom of the dry distillation can, when all the dry distillation gas is released, supply sufficient air into the can to burn the dry distillation residue by igniting. .

Further, the dry gasification treatment layer of the polymer waste of the present invention,
A vertical type dry distillation can equipped with a water-cooling jacket type double-structured can body having a charging port in the upper part and an ignition part in the lower part, and air for adjusting the amount of air supplied to the dry distillation can. An air supply means having a supply amount adjusting function, a water supply means for supplying cooling water to the can body of the water cooling jacket type double structure for adjusting the temperature in the dry distillation can during the dry distillation, and a dry distillation gas generated A gas recovery means for recovering from the upper part of the can to the outside of the furnace is provided.

<Operation> According to the present invention having the above-mentioned configuration, while recovering the combustible dry-distilled gas generated by dry distillation from the upper portion of the vertical dry-distillation can under the above-mentioned specific conditions, the polymer waste is removed from the dry-distillation can. By gradually heating from the lower part, it is possible to treat the polymer-based waste while recovering a clean and combustible dry-distilled gas that has a high combustion energy and does not generate harmful substances that cause air pollution. The obtained dry distilled gas can be burned as it is, or can be reused as a pollution-free gas fuel.

<Example> Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings showing an example of a dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus.

First, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 will be described.

The dry distillation gasification apparatus of the embodiment shown in the figure is a vertical dry distillation can 1
An air supply means 2 having a function of adjusting the amount of air supplied to the dry distillation can 1; a water supply means 3 for supplying cooling water to the dry distillation can 1; And a gas recovery means 4 for recovering the gas outside the furnace.

As shown in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), the dry distillation can 1 has a polymer waste input port 10a at the top and an ash outlet 10b at the side near the bottom, which also serves as an ignition part. In order to close the vertical cylindrical can body 10 and the charging opening 10a, the lid body 11 rotatably supported at the upper end of the can body 10 and the ash outlet 10b are closed. A can body (10) is provided with a lid body (12) pivotally supported on the lower side surface.

The can body 10 includes an inner shell 10c and an outer shell 10 that covers the outside of the inner shell 10c.
and a water cooling jacket type double structure in which a gap S between the inner shell 10c and the outer shell 10d is filled with water for cooling.

The inner shell 10c includes a vertical cylindrical inner body portion 10e and a conical inner bottom portion 10e.
and the upper end of the inner body 10e is the inlet 10a.

On the other hand, the outer shell 10d is arranged concentrically with the inner body 10e,
A vertical cylindrical outer body 10g having a length reaching the bottom surface of the inner bottom 10f and an outer body 10 to cover the lower surface of the inner bottom 10f.
and a conical outer bottom portion 10h mounted in g. Further, a valve B1 for draining water filled in the gap S is provided on the bottom surface of the outer bottom portion 10h.

The ash outlet 10b is formed by penetrating the outer body portion 10g, the outer bottom portion 10h and the inner bottom portion 10f, and penetrates the outer bottom portion 10h and the inner bottom portion 10f to allow air to enter the can body 1. Are arranged for supplying a plurality of nozzles.

An annular gutter part 1 connected to the gap S is provided at the upper end of the outer body part 10g.
0i is provided, and a water receiving tank 10j that receives water from the water supply means 3 and supplies the water to the gap S via the gutter portion 10i is provided in a part of the gutter portion 10i.

The gutter part 10i is for sealing the can body 10 and the lid 11 with water by immersing the peripheral part of the lid 11 in water when the lid 11 is closed as shown in the figure. Is. Lid 11 and can body
There is a danger of explosion and combustion due to ventilation through the gap if the hermetically sealed condition with 10 is not maintained. On the other hand, as described above, if the can body 10 and the lid 11 are water-sealed, the sealing is perfect, and in case of emergency, the lid 11 is lifted up and explodes. Act as a door.

Below the trough portion 10i, a horizontal pipe 10k for guiding the dry gas generated by dry distillation from the furnace to the gas recovery means 4 is provided.
It protrudes through the inner shell 10c and the outer shell 10d. The tip of the horizontal pipe 10k is connected to a vertical pipe 10l arranged in parallel to the side of the can body 10, and the vertical pipe 10l is slightly below the portion to which the horizontal pipe 10k is connected, The pipe 41 of the gas recovery means 4 is connected. At the lower end of the vertical pipe 10l, a valve B2 for collecting the tar component contained in the dry distillation gas collected from the furnace is provided.

As shown in FIG. 1, the air supply means 2 includes a primary blower 20.
And an air volume adjusting damper 21 for adjusting the amount of air supplied from the primary blower 20. The air volume adjustment damper 21 is an electric type equipped with a control motor 21a, and the control motor 21 is controlled based on a signal from the outside.
a operates and the air volume is adjusted.

The water supply means 3 is provided with a pipe 30 which is connected to a water source (not shown) and whose tip reaches the water receiving tank 10j, and a valve 31 attached to the tip of the pipe 30. Valve 31
By the ball tap 31a received on the water surface in the water receiving tank 10j,
By opening and closing the water level in the water receiving tank 10j,
It serves to keep the water level in the water receiving tank 10j within a predetermined range. That is, the valve 31 is closed when the water level in the water receiving tank 10j is at a predetermined height, and is opened when the water level in the water receiving tank 10i is lower than the predetermined height due to evaporation or the like, and piping Supply water from 30. Then, when water is supplied from the pipe 30 and the water level in the water receiving tank 10j reaches a predetermined height, the water can be closed again.

In the case of the embodiment shown in the figure, the gas recovery means 4 is equipped with a rotary kiln (or boiler) 40 that burns the recovered dry gas and heats it to dry the sludge. The collected dry-distilled gas is supplied to the burner 40a of the rotary kiln (or boiler) 40 through the pipe 41 connected to the vertical pipe 10l, mixed with the air from the secondary blower 42, and burned. In addition, in the drawings, reference numerals
40b is an auxiliary burner that ignites the dry gas and assists the combustion of the dry gas, and 43 is a burner from the secondary blower 42.
An air volume adjustment damper for adjusting the amount of air blown to 40a. The air volume adjusting damper 43 is an electric type equipped with a control motor 43a, and a temperature sensor 40c for measuring the temperature of the burner 40a is connected to the control motor 43a, and the temperature sensor 40c measures the temperature. The control motor 43a is driven based on the result, and the air volume is adjusted.

The rotary kiln (or boiler) 40 is provided with a temperature sensor 40d for measuring the temperature inside the rotary kiln (or boiler) 40. The temperature measurement result by the temperature sensor 40d is the air flow rate adjustment of the air supply means 2. It is adapted to be input to the control motor 21a of the damper 21. A control signal based on a pre-programmed operating procedure is also input to the control motor 21a from a control unit (not shown). The pipe 41 has a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the dry gas in the pipe.
41a is provided.

In the dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus of this embodiment, which comprises the above-mentioned parts, first, water is supplied from the water supply means 3 to the water receiving tank 10j of the dry distillation can 1 to fill the gap S of the can body 10 with water.

Next, the lid 11 is opened, and as shown by a white arrow in the figure, the polymer waste is charged from the charging port 10a to fill the dry distillation can 1 with the polymer waste. At the time of this filling, when the polymer waste is a waste tire, for example, the bottom waste tire is arranged along the inner bottom portion 10f of the can body 10, so that the polymer waste is dry-distilled. It is desirable to devise various filling methods so that they are performed as described above.

Next, the primary blower 20 of the air supply means 2 is operated, and the amount of air supplied from the primary blower 20 into the dry distillation can 1 is less than 20% of the amount of air required for combustion of the polymer waste. In order to limit the amount of air, the control motor 21a is operated based on the control signal from the control unit to adjust the air volume adjustment damper 21. The amount of air supplied to the dry distillation can 1 is limited to less than 20% of the amount of air required for combustion of polymer waste. This is because the waste material changes to a combustion state and emits heavy smoke.

Next, the polymer waste is ignited from the ash outlet 10b, and after confirming the ignition, the lid 12 is closed. Then, the can barrel 10
A combustion zone is formed on the bottom surface of the inner bottom portion 10f.

In this combustion zone, since the amount of air is limited as described above and the dry distillation can 1 is cooled by water and is limited to less than the ignition temperature of the dry distillation gas generated, the combustion reaction does not proceed. , A high-temperature gas containing a combustible substance such as a hydrocarbon compound or carbon monoxide represented by the general formula CmHm (where m is a positive number of 2 or more) and a small amount of free carbon is generated. . In addition to the flammable substances, the gas contains, for example, stable molecules such as CO ₂ , CO, H ₂ O, CH ₃ —C≡CH, H ₂ , H ₂ CO, CHO, C, CH ₃ , CH ₂ , C ₂ H, C ₂ , C ₅ , H, O, CH, HO _{2 and} other radicals, H ₃ O ⁺ , CHO ⁺ , CH ₃ ⁺ , NO ⁺ , CO ⁺ , OH ⁺ , H ₂ O ⁺ , C ₂ O ₂ H ⁺ , C ₃ H ₃ ⁺ , H
_It contains reducing substances that are intermediate products of the combustion reaction, such as ions such as ₅ O ₂ ⁺ and H ₇ O ₃ ⁺ .

It is desirable that the dry distillation can 1 be cooled to less than 500 ° C. with water in consideration of the ignition temperatures of the various compounds.

The volume of the polymer-based waste heated in the combustion zone gradually decreases while releasing the above gas, and accordingly, the polymer-based waste stacked on top of the polymer-based waste of the inner bottom portion 10f of the can body 10 is discharged. It gradually descends along the slope and is supplied to the combustion zone. For this reason,
Until all the polymer waste in the dry distillation can 1 is supplied to the combustion zone, the heating dry distillation reaction in the combustion zone and the accompanying dry distillation gas generation are continued. The duration of dry gas generation is
Depending on the filling amount of polymer waste in the furnace,
Usually, it lasts for about 8 to 10 hours, during which the gas is continuously generated.

As described above, the gas generated by dry distillation rises in the furnace without being ignited because the dry distillation can 1 is cooled by water and is limited to a temperature below the ignition temperature of the dry distillation gas generated. While thermally decomposing the polymer waste on the top and further generating flammable substances, the heat of the water in the can body 10 and the polymer waste is gradually taken away and the temperature is kept below the ignition temperature. In this state, the gas is recovered by the gas recovery means 4 to the outside of the dry distillation can 1 and burned in the rotary kiln (or boiler) 40 of the gas recovery means 4. The above gas is approximately 9,000 kcal
It has a high calorific value of / m ³ or more, has sufficient self-combustibility, and does not generate harmful substances that cause air pollution when burned. Therefore, the rotary kiln (or boiler) 40 can be burned as it is.

At the stage where all the polymer waste in the dry distillation can 1 has been dry-distilled and the dry-distilled gas is no longer generated, the control motor 21a is supplied based on the control signal from the control unit in order to supply sufficient air into the furnace. To adjust the air volume adjustment damper 21. Then, the residue after all the dry gas is released is burnt to form a completely burned harmless combustion ash, which remains on the bottom of the inner bottom portion 10f of the can body 10 together with incombustible materials such as glass and metal. The above-mentioned bonfire combustion usually ends in about one hour.

After that, the ash outlet 10b is opened, and the combustion ash and the incombustibles are taken out to complete the process.

Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 will be described.

In this embodiment, the gas collecting means 4 burns the collected dry-distilled gas as it is and diffuses it into the atmosphere.
The difference is that it has 44. Other parts are almost the same as the previous embodiment,
The same parts are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

The flare burner 44 includes a burner body 44a that mixes and burns dry gas with air, a chimney 44b, and an ignition burner 44c. Further, a secondary blower 45 for supplying air to the burner body 44a is connected to the burner body 44a via an air volume adjusting damper 46 that adjusts the air volume. A gas cylinder 47 for supplying propane gas as fuel and the secondary blower 45 are connected to the ignition burner 44c via various dampers 48a to 48k.

In the figure, reference numeral 14 is a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure inside the dry distillation can 1, 22 is a pressure gauge for measuring the pressure of the air supplied by the air supply means 2, and 32 is a water tank. A limit switch for electrically measuring the water level of 10j, 33 is a drainage channel for draining the water in the water receiving tank 10j,
T indicates a waste tire as polymer waste.

In the dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus of this embodiment, which comprises the above-mentioned components, the gas generated in the dry distillation can 1 is, as described above,
As it is a clean dry gas with no pollution, which has sufficient self-combustibility and does not generate harmful substances that cause air pollution when burned, as shown in the figure, an auxiliary combustion device or catalyst, No dust collector is required, and the entire device is extremely simple.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

For example, in the dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus of the present invention, as the air supply means 2 and the water supply means 3, it is also possible to adopt other conventionally known means that function similarly to those of the embodiment.

Examples of the use of the dry-distilled gas in the gas recovery means 4 include, for example, heating a scrap mixed with soil and mud generated in a crushing process in a quarry, and separating and extracting fine sand and crushed stone by a so-called sweating phenomenon. Examples of the fuel include a device and a device that requires a large amount of energy, such as a device that heats and dries sludge generated in a quarry to make it pollution-free.

In addition, various modifications can be made without changing the gist of the present invention.

Experimental example Dry distillation gasification treatment device shown in Fig. 1 (capacity of dry distillation can 1 35
in m ^3), subjected to dry distillation by filling the tires of 4000 kg, the generated dry distillation gas is burned in rotary kiln 40, and analyze the exhaust gas. The results are shown in Table 1.

The specified values of exhaust gas set by the local government when treating waste tires are as follows.

Dust Concentration: 0.50g / m ³ N or less sulfur oxide amount: 5.12m ³ N / h or less (K = 8.0) NOx concentration: 0 ppm hydrogen chloride concentration: 700mg / m ³ N or less From the results of Table 1, it was found that the regulation values were cleared and the nitrogen oxide concentration could be made extremely low in each item of the dust concentration, the amount of sulfur oxides, and the concentration of hydrogen chloride. It was also found from the exhaust gas composition data that the exhaust gas does not contain harmful substances such as carbon monoxide.

<Effects of the Invention> The present invention is configured as described above, and under specific conditions
There is a risk of generating harmful substances that may cause air pollution by gradually heating the polymer waste from the bottom of the dry distillation can while collecting the dry distillation gas generated from the dry distillation from the upper part of the vertical dry distillation can. It is possible to treat high-polymer waste while collecting clean dry-distilled gas. Since the obtained dry-distilled gas has a large combustion energy, it can be burned as it is, or can be reused as a pollution-free gas fuel. Therefore, according to the present invention, it becomes possible to treat a polymer waste without requiring a complicated and huge facility and a large amount of energy. Moreover, there is also an advantage that high-energy dry-distilled gas, which is comparable to oil and gas fuel, can be recovered from waste that was conventionally treated as a troublesome person, and it can contribute to effective reuse of limited global resources. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus for polymer waste according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 (a) is a dry distillation can used in the dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus of the above embodiment. FIG. 2 (b) is a sectional view of the dry distillation can, and FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of the dry distillation gasification treatment apparatus. 1 ... Drying can, 10 ... Can barrel, 2 ... Air supply means, 3 ... Water supply means, 4 ... Gas recovery means.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A vertical type dry distillation can equipped with a water-cooled jacket type double-structured can body having a charging port at the upper part and an ignition part at the lower part in a batch type is filled with polymer waste. In addition to supplying less than 20% of the air required for combustion of the polymer waste to the dry distillation can, the temperature of the dry distillation can at the time of dry distillation is controlled by the combustible substances generated from the polymer waste. While limiting to below the ignition temperature of dry-distilled gas, ignite from the above ignition part,
After the dry distillation gas generated by dry distillation is collected from the upper part of the dry distillation can, the polymer waste is gradually heated from the lower part of the dry distillation can, and when all the dry distillation gas is released, sufficient A dry distillation gasification treatment method for polymer waste, comprising supplying air to burn dry distillation residue with a blazing flame. 2. A vertical dry-distillation can equipped with a water-cooling jacket-type double-structured can body having a charging port in the upper part and an ignition part in the lower part in a batch system, and supply of air to the dry-drying can. An air supply means having an air supply amount adjusting function for adjusting the amount, and a water supply means for supplying cooling water to the can body of the water cooling jacket type double structure for adjusting the temperature in the dry distillation can during dry distillation, And a gas recovery means for recovering the dried dry gas from the upper part of the dry distillation can to the outside of the furnace.