JP2020183843A - Incineration device - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an incineration device that can promote complete combustion of petroleum products such as old tires and waste plastics.SOLUTION: An incineration device A comprises lower combustion chambers 1 and 2, and an upper combustion chamber 3. The lower combustion chambers comprise outer wall parts 13 and 23 having double structures comprising hollow layers whose inside is hollow, input parts for objects to be incinerated, and air intake parts 14 and 24. The upper combustion chamber comprises an outer wall part 33 having a triple structure comprising an inside hollow layer and an outside hollow layer whose inside is hollow, an air intake part 34 for supplying outside air while penetrating the outer wall part, a powder supply part 36 for supplying powder of heat-resistant ore, and a dry steam supply part 37 for supplying dry steam.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to an incinerator for incinerating discarded petroleum products.

Equipment for incineration of old tires and waste plastics has been developed conventionally, but it has been an issue to remove a large amount of black smoke and the like generated when incineration of waste plastics and the like. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, a burner for raising the temperature is attached to the exhaust stack, and a burner flame is circulated in a spiral shape inside the exhaust stack (see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2005-249306

The technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above is to dispose a temperature-increasing burner in the exhaust stack diagonally upward in order to prevent black smoke and the like, and use the exhaust stack as a secondary combustion chamber. However, after all, the purpose is to reburn it with a burner. In addition, although it is intended to provide a step on the upper surface of the rostrum and burn the liquefied waste plastic while retaining it in the ash receiving box to completely burn it, there is concern that it can be completely burned by retaining it. It was supposed to be.

The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide an incinerator capable of promoting complete combustion of petroleum products such as old tires and waste plastics. ..

Therefore, the present invention is an incinerator for incinerating abandoned petroleum products, which includes a lower combustion chamber and an upper combustion chamber, and the lower combustion chamber has a hollow layer having a hollow inside. It is provided with an outer wall portion of a heavy structure, an input portion for non-incinerated material, and an intake portion, and the hollow layer functions as a heat-resistant ore layer constituent part filled with heat-resistant ore, and the upper combustion chamber has an inside. A triple-structured outer wall having a hollow inner hollow layer and an outer hollow layer, an intake part that supplies outside air while penetrating the outer wall part, a powder supply part that supplies heat-resistant ore powder, and dry steam. The inner hollow layer functions as a heat-resistant ore layer component filled with heat-resistant ore, and the outer hollow layer functions as a liquid layer component in which water is stored. It is characterized by being a thing.

According to the above configuration, since the hollow layer of the lower combustion chamber and the inner hollow layer of the upper combustion chamber are filled with heat-resistant ore, the heat of the inner wall surface of the chamber is increased as the temperature of the incineration chamber rises. It is transmitted to the heat-resistant ore and suppresses the extreme temperature rise on the inner wall surface of the room, and by heating the heat-resistant ore, it suppresses the oxidation of the interior wall surface (oxidation of steel material), and on the other hand, from the heat-resistant ore. It is possible to promote the emission of far infrared rays and the like. Further, by supplying the powder of the heat-resistant ore, the heat-resistant ore adheres to the combustion gas or the object to be burned, and the combustion effect by emitting far infrared rays or the like can be improved. In addition, since dry steam can be forcibly supplied to the upper combustion chamber, brown gas containing hydrogen gas can be generated by further heating the dry steam (superheated steam), thereby achieving combustion efficiency. Can be improved. The heat-resistant ore refers to quartz porphyry and other natural ores having a heat-resistant temperature of 1,000 ° C. or higher, and a general natural ore has a heat-resistant temperature of less than 900 ° C. It can be distinguished from the typical natural ore. As an index of the heat-resistant temperature, the occurrence of damage due to cracks or the like when cooled to room temperature after heating to the corresponding temperature is used.

In the invention having the above configuration, the lower combustion chamber and the upper combustion chamber may be arranged separately in the vertical direction and may be partially communicated with each other via a communication portion. In this case, solid matter is present in the lower combustion chamber and rising gas is present in the upper combustion chamber separately, which enables efficient incineration while distinguishing the incineration targets in both combustion chambers. It will be.

Further, in the invention of each of the above configurations, the lower combustion chamber may be divided into a plurality of combustion chambers, and different petroleum products may be incinerated for each individual combustion chamber. In this case, the lower combustion chamber is divided into a plurality of combustion chambers and individually burns different petroleum products. Therefore, by controlling the combustion temperature in each combustion chamber individually, under a suitable environment. It can be incinerated.

Therefore, in the invention having the above configuration, the intake unit provided in the lower combustion chamber can adjust the amount of air to be supplied, and the combustion temperature is controlled to 300 ° C. or lower by adjusting the amount of air. can do. By adjusting the combustion temperature to 300 ° C. or lower, combustible gas can be generated, and this combustible gas can be used for combustion in the upper combustion chamber. In addition, it is possible to suppress the generation of incomplete combustion smoke due to rapid heating of petroleum products, and to achieve complete combustion by stepwise combustion.

Further, in the invention having the above configuration, the intake unit provided in the upper combustion chamber can adjust the amount of air supplied, and the combustion temperature is controlled to 1000 ° C. or higher by adjusting the amount of air. can do. In this case, complete combustion can be promoted by reburning the combustion smoke using the combustible gas generated in the lower combustion chamber.

According to the present invention, it is possible to promote the generation of far-infrared rays and the like associated with heating the heat-resistant ore, to obtain the combustion effect by the far-infrared rays and the like, and to further heat the dry steam (superheated steam) to generate hydrogen. By generating brown gas containing gas, high temperature combustion in the upper combustion chamber is possible. In addition, by burning at low temperature in the lower combustion chamber, different petroleum products such as old tires and waste plastic are individually burned, and combustible gas generated by low temperature combustion is reburned in the upper combustion chamber to complete combustion. It is possible to promote the conversion.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the adjustment structure of the temperature in a furnace. It is explanatory drawing which shows the connection with a chimney. This is a report showing the results of the heat resistance test. This is a report showing the results of the far-infrared radiation test.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an outline of the present embodiment. Although the figure is shown as a cross-sectional view, the hatching of the plate materials constituting each part is omitted. As shown in FIG. 1, the incinerator A of the present embodiment includes a plurality of (two in the figure) lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 and a continuous upper combustion chamber 3 thereof. .. Communication sections 11 and 21 for communicating with the upper combustion chamber 3 are provided above the lower combustion chamber 3, and communication sections 31 for communicating with these are provided below the upper combustion chamber 3. Has been done. Therefore, soot and the like generated by combustion inside the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 are configured to flow into the upper combustion chamber 3 via these communication portions 11, 21, 31.

The lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 are respectively configured independently, and the periphery (bottom surface and side surface) thereof is formed by the bottom surface constituent portions 12 and 22 and the outer wall portions 13 and 23. At least the outer wall portions 13 and 23 (including the bottom surface constituent portions 12 and 22 in the figure) are basically configured to have a double structure, and a layered hollow portion (hollow layer) is formed inside. .. Further, the hollow interior (hollow layer) is filled with the heat-resistant ore 4, so that the hollow interior (hollow layer) functions as a heat-resistant ore layer constituent part. As the heat-resistant ore, quartz porphyry or other natural ore having a heat-resistant temperature of 1,000 ° C. or higher is used. The size of the crushed stone used is one that has been crushed to the extent that it can be filled in the hollow portion. The heat-resistant ore means a heat-resistant ore having a heat-resistant temperature of 1,000 ° C. or higher among various natural ores, and is used separately from general natural ores.

Further, in each of the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2, intake portions 14 and 24 penetrating the outer wall portions 13 and 23 are provided. The intake portions 14 and 24 are forcibly supplying the outside air to the combustion chamber by the blowers 15 and 25, and are provided at one of the outer wall portions 13 and 23 at appropriate positions, and are provided inside the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2. The air is sent in the predetermined direction of. The intake units 14 and 24 (supply points) are not limited to one place, and a plurality of intake parts 14 and 24 (or a plurality of supply points) may be provided, but the combustion temperature is relatively low. In the case of controlling to, a small number of intake units 14, 24 (or supply points) can be used.

A plurality of lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 having such a configuration are provided to burn different incinerated objects. For example, in the case of the present embodiment, the first lower combustion chamber 1 can be configured to burn old tires, and the second lower combustion chamber can be configured to burn waste plastic. Therefore, in the example according to the present embodiment, the old tire is provided with the stocker 7 above the first lower combustion chamber 1, and the old tire is added by opening the upper lid 71, and the sliding bottom portion 72. It is possible to drop and supply to the lower combustion chamber 1 by the slide of. On the other hand, for the waste plastic, a screw conveyor 8 penetrating the outer wall portion 23 is provided above the second lower combustion chamber 2, and the waste plastic charged from the hopper 81 is compressed and mixed inside the lower combustion chamber 2. It is configured to be conveyed to the tip that opens in. Although the tip of the screw conveyor 8 is in an open state, the tip is in a state similar to a closed state because there is no internal air due to the compression of the waste plastic. The waste plastic is supplied intermittently by rotating the screw conveyor 8 intermittently.

The upper combustion chamber 3 is basically composed of a partition wall portion 32 forming an upper and lower partition walls and an outer wall portion 33 forming a side wall. The partition wall portion 32 has a double structure like the outer wall portions 13 and 23 of the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2, and the inside is filled with crushed stone having a heat resistant structure. On the other hand, the outer wall portion 33 has a triple structure with a hollow inside, and two hollow layers having a hollow inside are formed, and the inner hollow layer is filled with heat-resistant ore 5 to withstand heat. It is an ore layer component, and the remaining outer hollow layer is a liquid layer component. The heat-resistant ore 5 filled in the inner hollow layer (heat-resistant ore layer constituent part) is quartz porphyry or other natural ore as in the case of the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2, and has a heat-resistant temperature of 1,000 ° C. The above crushed stones are used. Further, water 6 is stored in the outer hollow layer (liquid layer constituent portion).

Further, the upper combustion chamber 3 is provided with an intake unit 34, a powder supply unit 36, and a dry steam supply unit 37 that penetrate the outer wall portion 33. The intake portion 34 is communicated with a chamber 38 arranged along the entire circumference of the inner surface of the outer wall portion 33, and an appropriate portion of the chamber 38 is opened to supply outside air to the inside of the upper combustion chamber 3. It can be done. Since the intake unit 34 supplies the outside air to the combustion chamber, the outside air is forcibly supplied by a blower (not shown) as in the case of the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2. In the upper combustion chamber 3, since the combustion temperature is controlled to a relatively high temperature, unlike the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2, outside air is supplied from the entire inner circumference through the chamber 38, and the blower used. It is supposed to use the one with large output.

The powder supply unit 36 is for supplying powder of heat-resistant ore, and supplies powder to the combustion chamber by a plurality of pipes penetrating the outer wall portion 33 of the upper combustion chamber 3. The heat-resistant ore is the same quartz porphyry or other natural ore that is filled in the hollow layer of the outer wall portion 33, and is obtained by crushing a heat-resistant ore having a heat-resistant temperature of 1,000 ° C. or higher into fine powder. In order to effectively supply this fine powder, a blower (not shown) is used to supply the fine powder by the wind pressure generated by blowing outside air. By supplying this fine powder, it is possible to adhere to the fine particles contained in soot and the like and effectively transfer the heat of combustion.

The dry steam supply unit 37 is for supplying dry steam (superheated steam), and like the powder supply unit 36, the dry steam supply unit 37 is formed in the combustion chamber by a plurality of pipes penetrating the outer wall portion 33 of the upper combustion chamber 3. It is configured to supply to. As the dry steam (superheated steam), the water 6 of the liquid layer component described above can be used which is heated by the heat of the upper combustion chamber 3, but it is separately reheated in order to obtain sufficient dry steam. It may be a thing. By supplying dry steam (superheated steam) to the inside of the upper combustion chamber 3 controlled to a relatively high temperature, it can be further heated to generate brown gas containing hydrogen gas. The combustion temperature can be maintained at a high temperature by this brown gas.

By the way, the indoor temperatures of the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 and the upper combustion chambers 3 are measured by the temperature sensors 10, 20 and 30, and are sequentially input to the individual controllers C1, C2 and C3. The controllers C1, C2, and C3 are for controlling the supply amount of the outside air supplied from the intake units 14, 24, and 34 in order to stabilize the room temperature, and are from the controllers C1, C2, and C3 here. The output control signal (control voltage) is sent to the individual blowers 15, 25, 35, and the output is controlled. Specifically, by changing the output voltage for the motor (servomotor) that operates these blowers 15, 25, 35, the amount of outside air supplied is changed according to the output of the motor. Since the powder supply unit 36 supplies outside air to the upper combustion chamber 3 for supplying fine powder, the amount of outside air supplied by the powder supply unit 36 is used as the basic supply amount. The amount of outside air to be added is controlled by the blower 35.

For example, by controlling the internal temperature of the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 to 300 ° C. or lower, petroleum products (old tires, waste plastics, etc.) themselves can be burned as fuel, and the internal temperature of the upper combustion chamber 3 can be set to 1000. By controlling the temperature to ℃ or higher, soot and the like can be completely burned. Incidentally, in the initial combustion (at the time of ignition) in the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2, a combustion means such as a gas burner is used. This is because in order to control the temperature only by controlling the supply amount of the outside air to which the petroleum products are taken in, it is necessary for these petroleum products to become fuel by themselves and to be in a sufficiently combusted state.

By controlling the temperature based on these combustion temperatures, the heat-resistant ore filled in the hollow interiors of the bottom surface constituent parts 12, 22 and the partition wall portions 32 and the outer wall portions 13, 23, 33 is sufficiently heated, and this temperature is reached. Far infrared rays will be emitted as the temperature rises. Further, since it is assumed that each part 12, 13, 22, 23, 32, 33 is made of a steel material, the heat acting on the steel material is transferred to the outside (heat-resistant ore). By doing so, it is possible to suppress the high temperature and suppress its deterioration. In particular, since the upper combustion chamber 3 has a relatively high temperature, the temperature rise can be suppressed by surrounding the outer periphery of the heat-resistant ore with water 6. Further, when the internal temperature of the upper combustion chamber 3 is controlled to 1000 ° C. or higher, the heat-resistant ore can also be heated to 1000 ° C. or higher by the heat transferred from the outer wall portion 33 of the upper combustion chamber 3. As described above, since the crushed stone 5 filled in the hollow is a heat-resistant ore, damage due to cracks or the like caused by the heating can be avoided.

Further, the water 6 stored in the liquid layer constituent portion is appropriately replenished, and when used as dry steam (superheated steam) as described above, the water 6 is supplied to the inside of the liquid layer constituent portion. Since the temperature is appropriately lowered, the effect of suppressing the temperature rise of the steel material constituting the outer wall portion 33 of the upper combustion chamber 3 can be obtained.

Since the embodiment has the above configuration, the internal temperatures of the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 and the upper combustion chamber 3 are controlled to predetermined temperatures by controlling the amount of outside air supplied by the intake units 14, 24, and 34. Moreover, the fine particles contained in the soot and the like generated by the combustion in the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 are completely burned in the upper combustion chamber 3, so that all the petroleum products can be completely burned.

The embodiment of the present invention is as described above, but the above embodiment shows an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not intended to be limited to the above embodiment. Therefore, it is possible to partially change the configuration of the above embodiment or add another configuration.

For example, as an example in the above embodiment, two lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 are used, one is used for burning old tires and the other is used for burning waste plastic, but the lower combustion chambers are further increased. , Other petroleum products can be burned. In this case, the control temperature may be different for each lower combustion chamber.

Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the remaining portion (smoke) incinerated in the upper combustion chamber 3 is discharged from the smoke exhaust unit 39 opened at the upper part, and the smoke exhaust unit 39 is discharged. , The mesh-shaped bottom surface can be filled with crushed stone 5 made of heat-resistant ore. By installing this heat-resistant ore, it is possible to exert the final filter function and promote the final incineration (complete combustion) by heating the heat-resistant ore.

Further, different controllers C1, C2, and C3 are used for temperature control of the lower combustion chambers 1 and 2 and the upper combustion chamber 3, but since the control methods for temperature control are all the same, a single controller is used. It is also possible to configure the controller to store the set temperature while distinguishing each input value and output an output signal in line with the set temperature.

Further, although the description of the chimney portion is omitted in the incinerator of the embodiment, the incinerator of the present embodiment is provided with the chimney described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-006377 developed by the inventor of the present application. Can be done. The state in which this chimney is installed is shown in FIG. The chimney B is provided with an inflow portion 91 that can be continuously installed in the smoke exhaust portion 39 of the incinerator A at the lower end, and an outlet 92 at the upper end for discharging the processed gas after passing through the inside. In the middle of the structure, a sprinkling section 93 and a drain section 94 are provided. Therefore, by connecting the inflow portion 91 of the chimney B to the smoke exhaust portion 39 provided in the upper part of the upper combustion chamber 3 of the incinerator A, it is possible to further contribute to the purification of the exhausted processing gas. The watering section 93 is for the purpose of lowering the temperature of the discharged gas, and the drain section 94 is for removing the sprinkled liquid (water). It is configured so that the sprinkled liquid does not flow back from the inflow section 91 by being guided obliquely between the inflow section 91 and the sprinkling section 93.

As for the heat-resistant ore used in the embodiment of the present invention, specific quartz porphyry was selected from various natural ores, and among them, an ore having excellent heat resistance was found. At the same time, we found an ore with a high far-infrared emissivity in the ore. By selecting a natural ore that has both of these properties, it can be used for crushed stone or the like shown in the embodiment of the present invention. Here, the test results of the selected specific natural ore are shown. FIG. 4 shows the results of the heat resistance test (calcination shrinkage test), and FIG. 5 shows the results of the far infrared radiation test. The "environmental diamond" (registered trademark) in the figure is a registered trademark used by the inventor of the present application for the ore, and is a heat-resistant ore used in the embodiment of the present application.

As is clear from both of the above tests, the heat-resistant ore used in the embodiment of the present invention was not damaged even when heated to 1300 ° C. until it melted when heated to 1400 ° C. In addition, it was also excellent in far-infrared radiation performance in a low temperature environment of 45 ° C. It should be noted that even when compared with the theoretical value of the blackbody for comparison (see FIG. 5C), it was not significantly inferior.

1,2 Lower combustion chamber 3 Upper combustion chamber 4,5 Heat-resistant ore (crushed stone)
6 Water 7 Stocker 8 Smoke conveyor 10, 20, 30 Temperature sensor 11,21,31 Communication part 12,22 Bottom component part 13,23,33 Outer wall part 14,24,34 Intake part 15,25,35 Blower 32 Partition part 36 Powder supply part 37 Dry steam supply part 38 Chamber 39 Smoke exhaust part 71 Lid part 72 Bottom part 81 Hopper 91 Inflow part 92 Outlet port 93 Sprinkler part 94 Drain part A Incinerator B Chimney C1, C2, C3 Controller

Claims (5)

An incinerator for incinerating discarded petroleum products
It has a lower combustion chamber and an upper combustion chamber.
The lower combustion chamber is provided with a double-structured outer wall portion having a hollow layer having a hollow inside, a non-incinerated material input portion, and an intake portion, and the hollow layer has a heat-resistant ore layer structure filled with heat-resistant ore. It functions as a department,
The upper combustion chamber has a triple-structured outer wall portion having an inner hollow layer and an outer hollow layer having a hollow inside, an intake portion that supplies outside air while penetrating the outer wall portion, and powder that supplies heat-resistant ore powder. A body supply unit and a dry steam supply unit for supplying dry steam are provided, the inner hollow layer functions as a heat-resistant ore layer constituent part filled with heat-resistant ore, and the outer hollow layer stores water. An incinerator characterized by functioning as a liquid layer constituent. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the lower combustion chamber and the upper combustion chamber are arranged separately in the vertical direction and partially communicated with each other via a communication portion. The incinerator according to claim 2, wherein the lower combustion chamber is divided into a plurality of combustion chambers, and different petroleum products are incinerated in each combustion chamber. The intake unit provided in the lower combustion chamber has an adjustable amount of air to be supplied, and the combustion temperature is controlled to 300 ° C. or lower by adjusting the amount of air according to claim 2 or 3. Incinerator. The incineration according to claim 4, wherein the intake unit provided in the upper combustion chamber can adjust the amount of air to be supplied, and the combustion temperature is controlled to 1000 ° C. or higher by adjusting the amount of air. apparatus.

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