JP3033015B2 - Semi-dry distillation gasification incineration method and apparatus - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The heat generated by flameless combustion of a part of waste stored in a semi-carbonization furnace causes the other part of the waste to be carbonized to generate flammable gas, and the generated gas is discharged. The present invention relates to an incineration method and an incinerator for burning in a combustion furnace.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art

(A) Complete combustion of incinerated materials in incinerators is the most fundamental and important matter for environmental protection, but incineration of wastes, which are various mixtures with different physical and chemical properties, as they are in complete combustion It is difficult to do. Ideally, each of the separated wastes should be handled by specialized incinerators, but the cost for this is enormous. In addition, when incinerating mixed waste as it is, use a high-cost, energy-intensive exhaust gas treatment device to avoid high-concentration emission of dust and undecomposed emission of pyrolytic substances due to incomplete combustion. There is a need.

Many conventional semi-carbonized gasification incinerators in the same field as the apparatus of the present invention have the following problems. -In the self-combustion period, in which the gas generated by dry distillation of mixed waste can be burned in the combustion furnace without using the auxiliary burner, it appears to be in a good combustion state because the diffusion combustion of gas and gas is the main, but actually Has a tendency to lower the oxygen concentration in the combustion waste gas, and there is a problem in controlling emission of thermally decomposable substances such as dioxins, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide in relation to the combustion temperature. -During the period from the start of incineration to the first stage of self-combustion of generated gas, and the second stage of self-combustion, the temperature in the combustion furnace, which is an important condition for complete combustion, is not maintained properly,
The discharge of the thermally decomposable material is left.・ Since oxygen-containing gas is supplied from the lower part of the semi-carbonization furnace,
Carbon monoxide production tends to increase during the igniting period, and this is neglected because smoke is not emitted. -By linking the increase and decrease in the air supply to the semi-carbonization furnace with the change in the combustion temperature of the product gas, we will try to secure the temperature conditions that are most important for ensuring and maintaining complete combustion in the product gas combustion furnace. There are some, but they are insufficient in the following points. First, the increase / decrease in the supply amount of air (oxygen) is proportional to the amounts of the carbonized gas and the combustion waste gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace, but since the generation ratio of the carbonized gas and the combustion waste gas is not always constant, For example, even if the amount of air supplied to the semi-carbonization furnace is increased in accordance with the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace, it is not always possible to obtain an increase in the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace. In addition, in the first stage of self-combustion from the start of incineration, and in the final stage of thermal decomposition of the incineration target (which can be about two-thirds of the entire incineration period), if the supply of air into the semi-carbonization furnace is increased, the reverse often occurs. Then, the temperatures in the product gas combustion furnace and the semi-carbonization furnace also decrease. (B) To control undecomposed emission of dioxins, pyrolytic harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon gases, hydrogen cyanide, etc., maintain high temperature, maintain appropriate oxygen concentration in combustion waste gas, and control the atmosphere. is a residence time effective to maintain, these are obtained also becomes possible to facilitate the generation of thermal nO _x, either do not see what may be reasonably compatible also. (C) Ignition and supply of air to a part of the wastes packaged in the semi-carbonization furnace to continue flameless combustion, and the heat decomposes other wastes in the semi-carbonization furnace to combustible When the flammable gas is generated, excess air or surplus air present in a stagnation state in the semi-carbonization furnace without contacting the combustion part is mixed with the flammable gas, and often a mixture of (flammable substance and oxygen) is formed. May form. Such an air-fuel mixture causes rapid combustion if the temperature condition and the space condition for flaming combustion are satisfied, and the phenomenon is explosive. In addition, when the product gas to be supplied to the product gas combustion furnace is in a gaseous mixture state, the transfer of the product gas (mixture) from the product gas combustion furnace to the reverse of the product gas (fuel mixture) supply flow proceeds to reach the inside of the semi-carbonization furnace. In some cases, an explosive phenomenon may occur by instantaneously increasing the pressure in a closed furnace. These often caused destruction of the semi-carbonization furnace and were dangerous.
Furthermore, even if it does not reach the air-fuel mixture, the flammable gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace and the excess air or excess air as described above may cause the flameless combustion to suddenly change to flaming combustion. May cause damage. (D) Liquid waste such as sewage and low calorific value oil-water mixed waste liquid is impregnated in a water-absorbing solid incineration material such as sawdust and stored in a semi-dry distillation furnace or in a semi-dry distillation furnace. Liquid waste was poured onto solid incinerators and incinerated.However, it often hinders the transfer of solid incinerators in semi-carbonized furnaces, and blocks air supply ports to semi-carbonized furnaces. However, in some cases, flammable combustion may be caused or an air-fuel mixture may be formed due to an excess of oxygen due to a high pressure supply of air to prevent the blockage.

For gaseous wastes such as odorous gas and odorous vapor, high-cost activated carbon adsorption deodorization and incineration deodorization with commercial fuel are generally performed. (F) When the capacity of each of the semi-carbonization furnace and the generated gas combustion furnace is expanded to increase the scale of the incineration treatment, the temperature drop after incineration becomes slow. Although the inner and outer cross-sections are of a double structure, the inner wall surface of the furnace has a low temperature, which causes problems such as complete combustion inhibition due to the influence thereof and, as a result, generation of high concentrations of dioxins. Further, when utilizing the heat of the combustion waste gas, there is no continuity of heat supply due to the batch type, and the continuous operation of the heat utilization device is limited.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a gas furnace produced by a semi-carbonization furnace which has substantially complete gas combustion. Combustion is ensured, and the generation and emission of thermally decomposable harmful substances such as dioxins, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrocarbon gases, and the high concentration emission of dust are effectively prevented.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a semi-distilled gasification and incineration method and apparatus that can incinerate an object as quickly as possible.

Another object is to provide a semi-carbonized gasification and incineration apparatus capable of accelerating the burning of flaming fires and rapidly ashing an object without causing flaming combustion which may cause damage to the carbonization furnace. To provide.

Still another object is to provide a semi-carbonized gasification and incineration apparatus which can prevent the concentration of carbon monoxide in waste gas from exceeding a certain concentration.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a semi-carbonized gasification and incineration apparatus capable of preventing a semi-carbonized distillation furnace or a combustion furnace from being worn out due to overheating.

[0009] Yet another object is to provide a semi-carbonization gas of incinerator capable of suppressing the emission of thermal NO _x.

[0010] Still another object of the present invention is to provide a semi-carbonized gasification and incineration apparatus capable of preventing damage to a semi-carbonization furnace due to generation of a mixture of product gas and oxygen, and flaming combustion of an object or product gas. Is to provide.

[0011]

According to the present invention, there is provided an incineration method for achieving the above object, in which a portion of a contained object is burned by flameless combustion (that is, combustion without a flame). A semi-carbonization furnace that carbonizes other parts to generate a flammable gas, and an oxygen-containing gas supply unit for an object that supplies an oxygen-containing gas for combustion of a part of the object to the semi-carbonization furnace, A combustion furnace for burning the product gas;
An incineration method by an incinerator comprising a product gas oxygen-containing gas supply unit for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for combustion of the product gas to the combustion furnace, wherein a temperature in the combustion furnace is detected, The amount of heat required to substantially completely burn the produced gas is supplied to the combustion furnace according to the temperature in the combustion furnace, and the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the produced gas is used to supply the oxygen-containing gas to the combustion furnace. Supplying at a constant flow rate, detecting the oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace waste gas, and the oxygen concentration in the combustion furnace waste gas corresponds to substantially complete combustion of the product gas in the combustion furnace Therefore, according to the increase and decrease of the oxygen concentration, the supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas into the semi-carbonization furnace by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object is increased and decreased, respectively.

According to the incinerator of the present invention for carrying out the above incineration method, the heat generated by the flameless combustion of a part of the contained object causes the other part of the object to be carbonized to produce a flammable gas. A semi-carbonization furnace to be made, an oxygen-containing gas supply means for an object for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for flameless combustion of a part of the object to the semi-carbonization furnace, and a combustion furnace for burning the generated gas, What is claimed is: 1. An incinerator comprising a product gas oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for combustion of the product gas to a combustion furnace, wherein the combustion furnace temperature detection means detects a temperature in the combustion furnace. An oxygen concentration detecting means for detecting an oxygen concentration in a waste gas of the combustion furnace; and a heat amount required for substantially completely burning the produced gas in the combustion furnace according to a temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detecting means. Burner for refueling Wherein the oxygen-containing gas supply means for product gas supplies the oxygen-containing gas to the combustion furnace at a constant flow rate, and the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object is detected by the oxygen concentration detection means. The oxygen-containing gas semi-carbonization furnace according to the increase and decrease of the detected concentration so that the oxygen concentration in the waste gas of the combustion furnace to be used corresponds to substantially complete combustion of the product gas in the combustion furnace. To increase and decrease the supply flow rate into the inside, respectively.

In the incinerator according to the present invention, the oxygen-containing gas supplied into the semi-carbonization furnace by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object partially removes the object contained in the semi-carbonization furnace without flame. The other part of the contained object is carbonized in the semi-carbonization furnace by the heat generated by the combustion and the flameless combustion, thereby producing combustible gas.

The generated combustible gas, that is, the generated gas is:
It is sent into the combustion furnace and burned. The product gas oxygen-containing gas supply means supplies an oxygen-containing gas for combustion of the product gas to the combustion furnace.

The amount of heat required for substantially completely burning the generated gas in the combustion furnace is supplied to the combustion furnace by the auxiliary burner in accordance with the temperature in the combustion furnace detected by the combustion furnace temperature detecting means.

Further, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for product gas supplies the oxygen-containing gas at a constant flow rate to the combustion furnace, while the oxygen concentration in the waste gas of the combustion furnace detected by the oxygen concentration detection means changes the combustion concentration. In order to correspond to the substantially complete combustion of the product gas in the furnace, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the target object supplies the oxygen-containing gas into the semi-carbonization furnace in accordance with the increase and decrease in the detected concentration. Are increased and decreased, respectively. Since the flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the combustion furnace by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for generated gas is constant, if the supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas into the semi-carbonization furnace is reduced, the gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace is reduced. Is reduced per unit time, and the oxygen concentration in the waste gas generated by burning the product gas in the combustion furnace increases. Increasing the supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas into the semi-distillation furnace increases the amount of gas generated in the semi-distillation furnace per unit time, and waste gas generated by burning the generated gas in the combustion furnace The oxygen concentration in it decreases.

Therefore, substantially complete combustion of the produced gas in the combustion furnace is ensured in view of the combustion temperature and the required amount of oxygen, and a half of the oxygen-containing gas supplied to the combustion furnace at a constant flow rate. By maintaining the amount of gas generated per unit time in the carbonization furnace, the rate of flameless combustion and carbonization of the object in the semi-carbonization furnace is maintained.

The oxygen-containing gas supply means for an object supplies the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace from the bottom and / or the lower part of the side wall of the semi-carbonization furnace. It is desirable to have a product gas outlet for delivering product gas to the combustion furnace above.

By igniting the lower part of the object accommodated in the semi-carbonization furnace and supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace from the bottom and / or the lower side wall of the semi-carbonization furnace, the combustion section expands to the lower part. The thermal decomposition part is formed while expanding while being formed, and the combustion waste gas having the combustion heat flows through the gap of the object toward the generated gas outlet above the object storage part. As it rises through, the preheating / drying section is formed as if it were a layer above the pyrolysis section, and the target is carbonized.

[0020] The auxiliary burner may be operated when the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detecting means is lower than a predetermined value, and stopped when the temperature is higher than the predetermined value. Accordingly, the amount of heat required to substantially completely burn the generated gas in the combustion furnace can be supplied to the combustion furnace by the auxiliary burner in accordance with the temperature in the combustion furnace detected by the combustion furnace temperature detection means. it can.

The above-mentioned oxygen-containing gas supply means for an object increases the supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas when the concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detection means exceeds a predetermined range corresponding to substantially complete combustion of the generated gas in the combustion furnace. The supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas can be reduced when the detected concentration is lower than the predetermined range. As a result, the amount of gas generated per unit time in the semi-carbonization furnace is increased or decreased, and the oxygen concentration in the waste gas generated by burning the generated gas in the combustion furnace is reduced to a predetermined value corresponding to substantially complete combustion. Can be maintained within the range.

The above incinerator comprises a semi-carbonization furnace temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace, and an ignition when the temperature detected by the semi-carbonization furnace temperature detecting means exceeds the certified value of the carbonization completion. It may be provided with a means for supplying oxygen-containing gas for fire, which supplies an oxygen-containing gas for promoting combustion of the gas into the semi-carbonization furnace.

If the temperature in the semi-distillation furnace detected by the semi-distillation furnace temperature detecting means exceeds the certified value of the completion of the distillation, the undistilled and unburned objects substantially disappear in the semi-distillation furnace. Since a fire occurs, the combustion of the fire can be promoted without causing flaming combustion by supplying the oxygen-containing gas into the semi-carbonization furnace by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the fire.

Further, the incinerator having the semi-carbonization furnace internal temperature detecting means and the oxygen-containing gas supply means for igniting fire includes a carbon monoxide concentration detecting means for detecting a carbon monoxide concentration in a waste gas of the combustion furnace; After the temperature detected by the temperature detection means in the semi-carbonization furnace exceeds the certified value of the completion of carbonization, the concentration detected by the carbon monoxide concentration detection means exceeds the certified value of high concentration.
The apparatus may include an oxygen-containing gas supply unit for oxidizing carbon monoxide, which supplies an oxygen-containing gas for oxidizing carbon monoxide in the semi-carbonization furnace into the semi-carbonization furnace.

When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the waste gas of the combustion furnace exceeds the high concentration certified value, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the semi-carbonization furnace by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for oxidizing carbon monoxide. Oxidizes carbon monoxide in the furnace.

The incinerator has a semi-carbonization furnace temperature detecting means and an oxygen-containing gas supply means for igniting fire. The incinerator has a semi-carbonization furnace temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace. After the temperature detected by the carbonization furnace temperature detecting means exceeds the certified value of the carbonization completion, and the temperature detected by the semi-carbonizing furnace temperature detecting means exceeds the certified overheating value, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for cooling the semi-carbonized furnace. However, an oxygen-containing gas for cooling in the semi-carbonization furnace may be supplied into the semi-carbonization furnace.

When the detected temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace exceeds the certified value for overheating, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the semi-carbonization furnace by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for cooling the semi-carbonization furnace, and the inside of the semi-carbonization furnace is rapidly heated. Cool to return to proper temperature.

Each of the above incinerators has a combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for cooling the inside of the combustion furnace into the combustion furnace. In a state in which the value exceeds the overheat authorization value, the combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply means supplies an oxygen-containing gas for cooling the combustion furnace into the combustion furnace, and the target oxygen-containing gas supply means Without increasing or decreasing the supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas according to the increase and decrease of the concentration detected by the concentration detection means,
After the oxygen-containing gas supply means for cooling the combustion furnace starts supplying the oxygen-containing gas for cooling the inside of the combustion furnace into the combustion furnace, the temperature detected by the temperature detection means in the combustion furnace becomes a predetermined value lower than the overheat authorization value. In the case of a decrease, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for cooling the combustion furnace stops supplying the oxygen-containing gas, and the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object responds to the increase and decrease in the concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detection means, The supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas can be increased and decreased, respectively.

When the temperature detected by the temperature detection means in the combustion furnace exceeds the certified value of overheating, the oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the combustion furnace by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for cooling the combustion furnace to rapidly cool the combustion furnace. Return to the proper temperature.

Further, in the incinerator having the combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply means, the combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply means starts supplying an oxygen-containing gas for cooling the combustion furnace into the combustion furnace. If the temperature detected by the temperature detection means in the combustion furnace does not fall below the overheat authorization value even after a certain period of time, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object stops or decreases the supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace. After the supply of the oxygen-containing gas is stopped or reduced by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object, if the temperature detected by the temperature detection means in the combustion furnace falls to a predetermined value lower than the overheat authorization value, the oxygen content for combustion furnace cooling is reduced. The gas supply means may stop supplying the oxygen-containing gas, and the object oxygen-containing gas supply means may start or increase the supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-dry distillation furnace.

Even if the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detection means exceeds the overheat recognition value and the oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the combustion furnace by the combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply means and the combustion furnace is rapidly cooled, the temperature remains constant. If the inside of the combustion furnace is in an abnormal state in which the temperature inside the combustion furnace does not return to the appropriate temperature within the time, the supply unit for oxygen-containing gas for the object stops or reduces the supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace. As a result, the amount of combustible gas generated is rapidly reduced, and the amount of heat generated by combustion of the generated gas in the combustion furnace is reduced.

When the temperature detected by the temperature detection means in the combustion furnace falls to a predetermined value lower than the certified overheating value, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for cooling the combustion furnace stops supplying the oxygen-containing gas and simultaneously supplies the oxygen-containing gas to the object. The oxygen-containing gas supply means starts or increases the supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace, and restores the rate of carbonization and combustion of the object.

In each of the above combustion devices, it is desirable that the entire inner wall surface with which the gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace or the waste combustion gas in the combustion furnace comes into contact is made of a nonmetallic refractory inorganic material.

The entire inner wall surface with which the gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace or the waste combustion gas in the combustion furnace comes into contact is made of a nonmetallic refractory inorganic material such as alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) and / or silica (SiO ₂ ). If the non-metallic refractory inorganic material has high heat insulation, high heat retention and low thermal conductivity, the temperature of the inner wall surface where the gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace or the combustion waste gas in the combustion furnace comes into contact is Converges infinitely on gas temperature. Therefore, even if the gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace or the combustion waste gas in the combustion furnace contains carbon, carbon compounds, hydrogen, hydrogen compounds, halogens such as chlorine, or halogen compounds, the metal, especially the low-temperature wall of the metal, The contact promotes the generation of dioxins.

Each of the above combustion devices includes a nitrogen oxide concentration detecting means for detecting a nitrogen oxide concentration in a waste gas of a combustion furnace, and a mist water or steam for cooling to a generated gas combustion flame in the combustion furnace. Cooling water supply means, the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detection means is within a predetermined temperature range, and,
In a state in which the concentration detected by the nitrogen oxide concentration detecting means exceeds the specified concentration, the cooling water supply means can supply cooling fog water or steam to the generated gas combustion flame in the combustion furnace.

By supplying mist or steam for cooling to the generated gas combustion flame in the combustion furnace, an endothermic reaction (water gas reaction) between carbon fine particles and water in the flame and heat loss by vaporization of water are performed. flame temperature is lowered to cause the generation of thermal NO _x due to oxidation of nitrogen in the combustion furnace is suppressed.

The oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object in each of the above combustion devices supplies the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace only when the object is ignited from the vicinity of the ignition position, and then gradually increases the supply range. It can be expanded. After ignition, as the flameless combustion range of the object gradually increases, the supply range of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace is expanded, so that the oxygen in the semi-carbonization furnace becomes excessive and the mixed gas and oxygen are mixed. This prevents the generation of gas and the occurrence of flaming combustion of the object or the product gas.

[0038] The oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object in each of the above combustion devices may increase the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace after ignition of the object. After ignition, as the flameless combustion range of the object gradually increases, the supply amount of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace is increased, so the oxygen in the semi-carbonization furnace becomes excessive,
It is possible to prevent a mixture of product gas and oxygen from being generated, and prevent the object or the product gas from causing flaming combustion.

Each of the above-mentioned combustion devices may be provided with means for supplying liquid waste and / or gaseous waste to the combustion furnace.

Each of the above-mentioned combustion devices is provided with a plurality of semi-carbonization furnaces capable of supplying a combustible gas to be produced to one combustion furnace, and a shut-off means capable of isolating between each semi-carbonization furnace and the combustion furnace. Can be provided.

The semi-distilling furnaces other than the operating ones are sequentially operated one by one while the interference between the semi-distilling furnaces other than the operating ones and the combustion furnace is prevented by the shut-off means while preventing interference with the semi-distilling furnaces other than the operating ones. Then, the generated gas from each semi-carbonization furnace can be sequentially fed to one combustion furnace.

[0042]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view of a semi-dry distillation gasification and incineration apparatus as an example of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 (a).
Fig. 2 (b) is an enlarged view of a part of the generated gas combustion burner.
FIG. 3 (a) is a front view of the semi-carbonized gasification incinerator, and FIG. 3 (b) is a plan view thereof.

Examples of waste to be incinerated by this incinerator include waste plastics, rubber waste, fiber waste, paper waste, wood waste, animal and vegetable waste, organic sludge, Examples include odorous gases, organic waste liquids, waste oils, etc., and mixtures of these with inorganic substances such as metals, and specially classified infectious specially controlled wastes.

This incinerator mainly comprises a semi-carbonization furnace A, a product gas supply pipe B, a product gas combustion furnace C, and a control device F. The outer shells of the semi-dry distillation furnace A, the product gas supply pipe B, and the product gas combustion furnace C are all made of steel, and the inner wall surfaces are all lined with an alumina / silica-based nonmetallic refractory inorganic material. I have. The lining may be a single layer or multiple layers. Alumina in lining (Al ₂ O
The components ₃ ) and silica (SiO ₂ ) can be from 5 and 90% by weight to 90 and 5% by weight, respectively.

Due to the high heat insulation, high heat retention and low thermal conductivity of the alumina / silica lining, the temperature of the inner wall surface of the gas generated in the semi-distillation furnace A or the combustion waste gas in the generated gas feed pipe B is in contact with: Since the gas converges infinitely to the temperature of the gas, even if the gas contains carbon, a carbon compound, hydrogen, a hydrogen compound, a halogen such as chlorine, or a halogen compound, it comes into contact with a metal, particularly a low-temperature wall surface of the metal. Further, the promotion of the production of dioxins by the catalytic action is suppressed, and the emission of thermally decomposable substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon gases, and hydrogen cyanide is suppressed. In addition, dew condensation is prevented.

The semi-carbonization furnace A collectively accommodates objects to be incinerated and generates flammable gas by the semi-carbonization treatment.
The semi-carbonization furnace A has a substantially upright cylindrical shape with its bottom and top closed.

At the upper end of the semi-carbonization furnace A, there is provided an insertion opening 4 which is opened and closed by an insertion cover 2 for inserting an object into the semi-carbonization furnace A. A residue discharge port 8 is provided. The insertion port may be provided on the side wall, and the residue discharge port may be provided on the bottom.

At the lower part of the side wall of the semi-dry distillation furnace A, an incineration material ignition port 11 opened and closed by an ignition door 10 is provided.
0 is provided with an ignition device 12 such as an LPG burner or an air plasma torch for igniting an object.

At the upper part of the side wall of the semi-carbonization furnace A, a product gas outlet 14 for sending out the gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace A to the product gas combustion furnace C is provided. , The base end of the product gas supply pipe B is connected.

In order to semi-carbonize the object in the semi-carbonization furnace A, supply air (an example of an oxygen-containing gas) required to burn a part of the object substantially upward into the semi-carbonization furnace A. Are provided almost uniformly on the bottom floor wall of the semi-carbonization furnace A. In addition, such an air supply nozzle for an object may be provided at a lower portion of the side wall.

The air from the air supply device 18 passes through a manual shut-off valve 20 and a manual / electrically-controlled metering valve 22 to a plurality of branch pipes 2.
It is sent by a single pipe 23 until it branches to 4. Each branch pipe 24
It is connected to the target object air supply nozzle 16 via a branch pipe manual and electric metering valve 26 provided respectively. In addition,
The air supply device 18, the manual shutoff valve 20, the manual / electrically operated metering valve 22, the single pipe 23, the branch pipe 24, the branch / tube manual / electrically operated metering valve 26, and the object air supply nozzle 16 are It constitutes a material oxygen-containing gas supply means.

The manual shut-off valve 20 is normally opened, and is fully closed to shut off the pipeline when an abnormality that requires the semi-dry distillation furnace A to be sealed occurs.

The manual / electric metering valve 22 is disposed in series with the manual shut-off valve 20 at a position immediately after the manual shut-off valve 20.
Adjust the amount of air supplied to the inside.

The branch pipe manual and electric metering valve 26 is connected to each branch pipe 24.
The amount of air supplied from each target object air supply nozzle 16 to the semi-dry distillation furnace A is adjusted.

Insertion cover 2 provided at the upper end of semi-dry distillation furnace A
, A plurality of relief valves 28 are provided. The relief valve 28 is used for flaming combustion of the generated gas in the semi-carbonization furnace A,
Alternatively, when the pressure in the semi-carbonization furnace A exceeds a set pressure due to narrowing or blockage of the gas flow path system due to adhesion of foreign matter or the like, the operating unit is opened to urgently reduce the pressure in the semi-carbonization furnace A. Lower the pressure and close the actuator as soon as the pressure drops. This relief valve can be provided on the upper part of the side wall of the semi-dry distillation furnace A.

The airtightness of the semi-dry distillation furnace with the insertion lid 2, the residue door 6, the relief valve 28, and the ignition door 10 closed is maintained by the following sealing mechanism. That is, the insertion lid 2, the residue door 6, the relief valve 28,
And, among the peripheral portions where the ignition door 10 and the openings to be closed are overlapped, an annular groove is provided on one of the side of the door and the like or the opening side, and heat resistance is provided in the annular groove. An annular packing made of a material (for example, made of heat-resistant ceramic fiber) is attached, and an annular ridge is provided on the other side. When the door or the like is closed, the annular ridge bites into the annular packing to maintain airtightness. Is done. This airtightness is maintained when each opening is closed, the air is sucked into the semi-carbonization furnace A to become a mixture, and the object or product gas is flammable in the semi-carbonization furnace A by the suction of the air. Useful in preventing burning.

Air for promoting the combustion of igniting fire is provided at a plurality of locations (preferably, even at one or more locations) below the upper and lower middle positions on the side wall of the semi-carbonization furnace A. A priming air supply nozzle 30 for supplying into the semi-carbonization furnace A is provided. A pipe 33 for sending air from the air feeding device 32 is branched and connected to each of the igniting air supply nozzles 30 after passing through a manual shutoff valve 34 and a manual and electric metering valve 36. The air supply device 32, the manual shut-off valve 34, and the manual and electric control valve 3
6 and the pipeline 33 constitute the oxygen-containing gas supply means for fire.

The manual shut-off valve 34 is normally open, and is fully closed to shut off the pipeline 33 when an abnormality that requires the semi-dry distillation furnace A to be sealed occurs.

The manual / electric metering valve 36 is disposed in series with the manual shut-off valve 34 at a position immediately after the manual shut-off valve 34.
Adjust the amount of air supplied to the inside.

In the side wall of the semi-carbonization furnace A, a plurality of portions (preferably provided at a plurality of portions without bias, but may be provided at one or more portions) above the upper and lower middle positions are generated by the oxidation (combustion) of the bonfire. To oxidize carbon monoxide or semi-distilling furnace A
An air supply nozzle 38 for oxidizing carbon monoxide that supplies air for cooling the inside into the semi-distilling furnace A is provided. A pipe 42 for sending air from the air supply device 40 is branched and connected to each of the igniting air supply nozzles 38 after passing through a manual shutoff valve 44 and a manual and electric metering valve 46.
The air supply device 40, the manual shutoff valve 44, the manual and electric metering valve 46, and the pipe 42 constitute an oxygen-containing gas supply unit for oxidizing carbon monoxide.

The manual / electric metering valve 46 is arranged in series with the manual shut-off valve 44 at a position immediately behind the manual shut-off valve 44.
Adjust the amount of air supplied to the inside.

A plurality of places on the upper side wall of the semi-dry distillation furnace A (preferably provided at a plurality of places without bias, but one place is also possible)
The mist water supply nozzle 48 for cooling the semi-distillation furnace for supplying the mist water for lowering the temperature by removing the residual heat in the semi-distillation furnace A after the completion of the incineration of the fire. Is provided. A pipeline 52 for sending water from a water supply device 50 for fog water (for example, a pump connected to a water supply source such as a tap).
After passing through a manual shut-off valve 54 and a manual / electric metering valve 55, they are branched and connected to the mist water supply nozzles 48 for cooling the semi-dry distillation furnace.

The manual / electric metering valve 55 is disposed in series with the manual shut-off valve 54 and at a position immediately after the manual shut-off valve 54.
Adjust the amount of mist supplied to the inside.

A semi-carbonization furnace temperature detector 56 for detecting the temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace A is provided on the side wall slightly below the product gas outlet 14 in the semi-carbonization furnace A. A semi-carbonization furnace pressure detector 57 for detecting the pressure in the semi-carbonization furnace A is disposed on the side wall slightly above the gas outlet 14. The in-furnace pressure detected by the semi-carbonization furnace pressure detector 57 is used to determine or display whether or not the occurrence of flaming combustion in the semi-carbonization furnace A, the airtight maintenance level, the draft level, and the like are normal. Used. In addition, the semi-carbonization furnace temperature detector 56 and the semi-carbonization furnace pressure detector 57 can be provided at arbitrary positions in the semi-carbonization furnace A.

In the vicinity of the incinerator ignition port 11 or the igniter 12 in the semi-carbonization furnace A, after igniting the object in the semi-carbonization furnace A, it is determined whether or not the combustion of the object part is continued by the temperature. A combustion confirmation temperature detector 58 for detection is provided.

The product gas supply pipe B has a base connected to the product gas outlet 14 of the semi-carbonization furnace A and a tip connected to the product gas combustion furnace C, respectively. To communicate. The carbonization gas and the igniting combustion waste gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace A are supplied to the production gas combustion furnace C via the production gas supply pipe B.

The generated gas line shutoff valve 60 is provided in the line of the generated gas supply pipe B, and opens or closes to flow or shut off the generated gas, igniting combustion waste gas, air and the like. In particular, as shown in FIG. 3, a plurality of (three) semi-dry distillation furnaces A are connected to a single generated gas combustion furnace C via a plurality of (three) generated gas supply pipes B, respectively. When each semi-carbonization furnace A is operated at a time difference, the atmosphere is suctioned from the opening of the non-operational semi-carbonization furnace A by closing the generated gas line shutoff valve 60 for the non-operational semi-carbonization furnace A. The influence of the combustion waste gas and the combustion heat on the semi-dry distillation furnace A in the non-operating state is avoided.

When the generated gas combustion furnace C becomes unable to receive or burn the generated gas due to a sudden power failure or the like, the supply of air into the semi-carbonization furnace A is completely stopped to suppress carbonization ( After that, the operation is stopped) and the generated gas line shutoff valve 6
By closing 0, the unburned product gas is sealed in the semi-dry distillation furnace A and is not discharged to the atmosphere. In this case, the supply of air into the semi-carbonization furnace A is completely stopped.
The internal temperature does not rise after the stop, but falls by natural cooling,
The pressure in the semi-carbonization furnace A does not increase. The generation of the pyrolysis gas due to the residual heat in the semi-carbonization furnace A is stopped in a short time, and the generated gas that accumulates in the semi-carbonization furnace A is partially gaseous due to a decrease in the temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace A, and partially. Becomes oily, semi-distillation furnace A
Remains in

The product gas combustion furnace C is divided into a front combustion zone C1 (fire combustion zone) and a rear combustion zone C2. The upper part of the front combustion zone C1 is a shell type with a narrow cross-sectional area at the upper end to suppress fire lift, and the rear combustion zone C2 located above the front combustion zone C1 also serves as a chimney. Combustion waste gas outlet 6
Reference numeral 1 denotes an opening for discharging combustion waste gas from the product gas combustion furnace C, which is provided at the end of the product gas combustion furnace C (in this example, at the upper end of the rear combustion zone C2 also serving as a chimney). I have. In addition, this product gas combustion furnace is a vertical type,
The type can be arbitrarily selected and may be a horizontal type.

A generated gas combustion burner 62 for attracting generated gas from the semi-carbonization furnace A and burning the generated gas.
Is provided so that the product gas combustion flame blows into the lower side of the product gas combustion furnace C, and the product gas supply pipe B is provided at the base side thereof.
The tip of is connected. In this example, the product gas combustion burner 62 is provided on the lower left side of the product gas combustion furnace C in FIG. On the other hand, in the case of a horizontal product gas combustion furnace, it is desirable to provide a product gas combustion burner so that the product gas combustion flame blows into the base end thereof.

The cross sectional shape of the product gas combustion burner 62 is
It has a large and small double concentric shape. At a position slightly closer to the base than the throat in the divergent nozzle 64 forming a large circle, a tapered product gas air supply nozzle 66 forming a small circle is located. The air (an example of an oxygen-containing gas) flowing out of the tip of the product gas air supply nozzle 66 passes through the throat of the divergent nozzle 64 toward the tip. The product gas supplied from the semi-carbonization furnace A to the product gas combustion burner 62 via the product gas supply pipe B passes through the annular gap between the divergent nozzle 64 and the product gas air supply nozzle 66, and then passes through the throat of the divergent nozzle 64. Through the head towards its tip.

The flow rate of the air flowing out of the tip of the product gas air supply nozzle 66 is made larger than the flow rate of the product gas in the annular gap between the divergent nozzle 64 and the product gas air supply nozzle 66, thereby obtaining the product gas. Is drawn toward the tip of the product gas combustion burner 62. Furthermore, by causing high-speed injection and supply of air from the tip of the product gas air supply nozzle 66 to cause a lift of the product gas combustion flame, the combustion flame of the product gas is reversed due to fluctuations in the pressure in the product gas combustion furnace C and the like. And the flame is prevented from reaching the inside of the semi-distillation furnace A. The furnace pressure detected by the semi-carbonization furnace pressure detector 57 is also used to determine or display whether or not the draft function of the induction portion of the generated gas combustion burner 62 is normal.

A pipe 70 for sending air from the air supply device 68 includes a manual shut-off valve 72 and a manual / electrically-operated metering valve 74.
After that, it is connected to the product gas air supply nozzle 66. The air supply device 68 and the manual shutoff valve 7
The 2 and manual / electric metering valve 74 and the line 70 constitute the oxygen-containing gas supply means for product gas.

The manual shut-off valve 72 is normally open, and is fully closed when an abnormality that needs to prevent the semi-distillation furnace A from being closed and prevent the semi-distillation furnace A from being drafted occurs. 70 is shut off.

The product gas combustion burner flame detector 75 is disposed near the end of the product gas combustion burner 62 and detects the presence or absence of a flame in the product gas combustion burner 62.

To lower the temperature of the generated gas combustion flame,
A flame cooling injection nozzle 76 for supplying fog water to the base of the product gas combustion fire is provided in the product gas combustion furnace C. In this example, the flame cooling injection nozzle 76 is provided concentrically inside the product gas air supply nozzle 66, and its tip opens at the tip of the product gas air supply nozzle 66.

The water supply device 78 for flame cooling fog water (for example,
A pipe 80 for sending water from a pump supplied with water from a water supply source such as tap water is connected to a flame cooling injection nozzle 76 via a manual shutoff valve 82 and a manual and electric metering valve 84. I have.

The manual / electric metering valve 84 is arranged in series with the manual shut-off valve 82 at a position immediately after the manual shut-off valve 82, and adjusts the amount of mist supplied to the base of the generated gas combustion fire. in this case,
The water supply device 78 for the flame cooling fog water, the manual shut-off valve 82, the manual and electric metering valve 84, the pipe 80, and the flame cooling injection nozzle 76 constitute a cooling water supply means. It should be noted that water vapor may be supplied to the generated gas combustion fire instead of the mist water. In that case, the water supply device for flame cooling fog water,
For example, a steam boiler or the like to which water is supplied from a water supply source such as tap water can be used.

The product gas combustion furnace C ignites the product gas supplied to the product gas combustion burner 62 and replenishes heat to the product gas combustion furnace C so that the temperature of the product gas combustion furnace C is reduced for complete combustion. An auxiliary burner 86 is provided for compensating and for supporting the product gas in a flame-retardant or lean state. The auxiliary burner in this example is an oil burner that uses oil supplied from the oil tank 88 as a fuel, but may be a gas burner, for example. Further, in this example, the auxiliary combustion burner 86 is provided rightward on the left bottom portion of the product gas combustion furnace C in FIG. 1, and provided below the product gas combustion burner 62 and lower right on the lower left side.

An inspection port 90 opened and closed by an inspection door 90 is provided as a manhole for checking the flame of the auxiliary combustion burner 86 and the generated gas combustion burner 62 and for checking the inside of the generated gas combustion furnace C. Is provided. In the case of a vertical combustion furnace as in this example, it is preferable that the inspection port 90 be provided in a lower portion on the side facing the product gas combustion burner 62. When the product gas combustion burner is provided at the base end of the horizontal combustion furnace in the horizontal direction, it is preferable that the axis of the inspection port be perpendicular to the horizontal axis.

A liquid waste supply nozzle 94 for supplying liquid waste into the product gas combustion furnace C for incineration treatment in the product gas combustion furnace C is provided with a liquid waste supply nozzle 94 for supplying the liquid waste to the front combustion zone C1.
(The lower part in FIG. 1). The supply of such liquid waste can be performed in a generated gas combustion flame, at a position at a predetermined distance from the flame front, or in a space formed below the combustion flame. In this example, the liquid waste supply nozzle 94 is provided so as to supply liquid waste from the upper left side to the base of the front combustion zone C1. The supply of the liquid waste from the liquid waste supply nozzle 94 is performed, for example, by atomization spraying, or by dropping, or in a lagoon (pouring as a continuous stream).
Can be performed. The supplied liquid waste is incinerated directly or after evaporation by the heat of combustion or the combustion flame of the product gas.

A line 98 for sending liquid waste from a liquid waste supply device 96 (for example, a pump for sending liquid waste from a liquid waste tank) has a manual shut-off valve 100 and a manual / electrically operated metering valve. It is connected to a liquid waste supply nozzle 94 via 102.

The manual and electric metering valve 102 is arranged in series with the manual shut-off valve 100 at a position immediately after the manual shut-off valve 100 to adjust the amount of liquid waste to be supplied. In this case, the liquid waste supply device 96, the manual shut-off valve 100, the manual and electric
2. The line 98 and the liquid waste supply nozzle 94 constitute a liquid waste supply means.

A gas waste supply nozzle 1 for supplying gaseous waste containing an incineration target substance such as odorous vapor into the product gas combustion furnace C for incineration in the product gas combustion furnace C
04 is provided so that gaseous waste can be supplied to the base (the lower part in FIG. 1) of the front combustion zone C1. Such a supply of the substrate waste can be performed in the generated gas combustion flame, at a position at a predetermined distance from the flame front, or in a space formed below the combustion flame. In this example, the gas waste supply nozzle 104 is provided so as to be able to supply gas waste from the lower right side to the left with respect to the base of the front combustion zone C1. The supplied substrate waste is directly incinerated by the combustion flame of the produced gas, or incinerated or decomposed by the heat of combustion.

A pipe 108 for sending gaseous waste from the gaseous waste supply device 106 is connected to a gaseous waste supply nozzle 10 via a manual shutoff valve 110 and a manual / electrically controlled metering valve 112.
4 is connected. The manual / electrical metering valve 112 is disposed in series with the manual shutoff valve 110 at a position immediately after the manual control valve 110, and adjusts the amount of gas waste to be supplied. In this case, the gas waste supply device 106, the manual shutoff valve 110, the manual and electric metering valve 112, the pipeline 108, and the gas waste supply nozzle 1
04 constitutes gas waste supply means.

A combustion waste gas utilization device D (boiler, heating furnace, drying furnace, etc.) and / or a waste gas detoxification treatment device E (wet scrubber) are provided on the upper side wall of the rear combustion zone C2 also serving as a stack of the product gas combustion furnace C. And a waste gas sending port 114 for sending waste gas to a detoxification apparatus using a dry powder reactant. The waste gas discharge port can be provided at a position that does not prevent complete combustion of the product gas in the product gas combustion furnace C, and is disposed at a distance of about 5 m or more from the tip of the product gas combustion flame in the product gas combustion furnace C. It is desirable to provide at a position. In the example shown in FIG.
The waste gas that has been guided from the heat exchanger 14 to the boiler D2 via the waste gas supply pipe D1 and subjected to heat exchange is drawn by the induction blower D3, guided to the chimney D4, and then discharged. When the combustion waste gas is supplied to the combustion waste gas utilization device D, the combustion waste gas discharge port 61 is closed by a damper (not shown) or the like, and opened when not supplied. By sequentially operating the semi-carbonization furnaces A one by one and sequentially feeding the generated gas to the generated gas combustion furnace C, the combustion waste gas is continuously supplied from the generated gas combustion furnace C to the combustion waste gas utilization device D. Can be supplied.

A combustion furnace cooling air supply nozzle 116 for supplying air for rapidly cooling the inside of the product gas combustion furnace C to the inside of the product gas combustion furnace C is provided so as not to prevent complete combustion of the product gas. I have. In this example, at a plurality of positions (preferably provided at a plurality of positions without bias, but may be provided at a plurality of positions) of the upper end reduced diameter side wall portion of the front combustion zone C1 of the product gas combustion furnace C,
A combustion furnace cooling air supply nozzle 116 is provided to supply air for rapidly cooling the inside of the product gas combustion furnace C downwardly into the product gas combustion furnace C.

A pipe 120 for sending air from the air supply device 118 is connected to a combustion furnace cooling air supply nozzle 116 via a manual shutoff valve 122 and a manual and electric metering valve 124. The air supply device 118, the manual shutoff valve 122, the manual and electric metering valve 124, and the pipe 120 constitute a combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply unit.

The manual shut-off valve 122 is normally open, and is fully closed to shut off the line 120 when an abnormality occurs.

The manual / electric metering valve 124 is arranged in series with the manual shut-off valve 122 at a position immediately after the manual shut-off valve 122 to adjust the amount of air supplied to the semi-dry distillation furnace A.

A product gas combustion furnace temperature detector 126 for detecting the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace C is provided on the lower side wall of the rear combustion zone C2 in the product gas combustion furnace C. The product gas combustion furnace temperature detector 126 can be provided at an arbitrary position in the product gas combustion furnace C.

[0093] The oxygen concentration, the nitrogen oxide concentration, and the carbon monoxide concentration in the waste gas of the product gas combustion furnace C are provided on the side wall slightly below the waste gas outlet 114 in the rear combustion zone C2 in the product gas combustion furnace C. , A nitrogen oxide concentration detector 130, and a carbon monoxide concentration detector 132 are provided. The position of disposing these detectors may be any position as long as it is at a predetermined distance from the end of the product gas combustion or far away, and is not limited to these positions.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control system of the incinerator, and FIGS. 5 to 9 are flowcharts showing a control procedure of the incinerator.

In the semi-carbonization furnace A, the objects to be incinerated are formed such that the gaps between the objects to be incinerated and the gaps between the objects and the inner wall of the semi-carbonization furnace A are 100 mm or less in terms of the distance between the respective surfaces. The space at the location is filled up to 1,000,000 mm ³ or less, and the space above the semi-carbonization furnace A formed after filling the object into the semi-carbonization furnace A is the semi-carbonization furnace A
Closely packing so that the volume is 40% or less of the internal volume. Thereby, the quenching-distance is maintained in the gap between the objects and the gap between the object and the inner wall of the semi-carbonization furnace A, and the flaming combustion of the incineration object and the generated gas in the semi-carbonization furnace A is effective. Is prevented. In addition, semi-dry distillation furnace A
By making the space inside the semi-carbonization furnace A above the incineration target housed therein to be 40% or less of the volume of the semi-carbonization furnace A, the generated gas combustion flame of the generated gas combustion burner 62 is reversed. And the flame is effectively prevented from flaming in the space above the object to be incinerated in the semi-carbonization furnace A.

After the insertion port 4, the residue discharge port 8 and the incinerated material ignition port 11 are sealed by the insertion cover 2, the residue door 6 and the ignition door 10, the auxiliary burner 86 is instructed by a control device F composed of a microcomputer or the like. Is activated [S1].

The controller F determines that the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace C detected by the product gas combustion furnace temperature detector 126 has reached a predetermined temperature (for example, 800 ° C.) necessary for complete combustion. [S2] In accordance with a command from the control device F, the lower end of the object accommodated in the semi-carbonization furnace A is ignited by the ignition device 12 [S3]. The ignition device 1
2 can also be activated manually. When the ignition device 12 is not used, the lower end portion of the target object is ignited from the incinerator ignition port 11 and then sealed.

Immediately after outputting the ignition command to the ignition device 12, the control device F outputs a command to open the predetermined amount to the manual / electrically-controlled metering valve 22. An open command is output only to the branch pipe manual / electric metering valve 26 for the air supply nozzle 16 to supply air only from the vicinity of the ignition position [S4]. At the start of air supply or beforehand, an operation command is output from the control device F to the air supply device 18 to operate it. Manual shut-off valve 2
0 is previously opened. In addition, the manual and electric metering valve 74 is opened by a predetermined amount in accordance with a command from the control device F, and air is injected at a constant flow rate from the product gas air supply nozzle 66 into the product gas combustion furnace C at a high speed. At the start of air supply or beforehand, an operation command is output from the control device F to the air supply device 68 to operate it. The manual shutoff valve 72 is opened in advance.

Thereafter, the control device F controls the branch pipe manual and electric metering valve 26 for the object air supply nozzle 16 far from the ignition position so that the air supply range to the semi-carbonization furnace A gradually widens from the ignition position. And outputs an open command to supply air from all the object air supply nozzles 16 [S5]. The opening timing of each air supply nozzle 16 is preset in a control program of the control device F or the like. After the ignition, as the flameless combustion range of the object gradually increases, the supply range of air to the semi-carbonization furnace A is expanded, so that the oxygen in the semi-carbonization furnace A becomes excessive, and the mixing of the product gas and oxygen This prevents the generation of gas and the occurrence of flaming combustion of the object or the product gas.

It is to be noted that, by opening all the manual and electric metering valves 26 for the branch pipes and increasing the opening amount of the manual and electric metering valve 22 gradually after ignition, or 2
2 is opened by a predetermined amount, and the opening amounts of all the branch pipe manual and electric metering valves 26 are gradually increased after ignition, so that the air supply amount can be gradually increased after ignition of the object. it can.

The gas generated by the flameless combustion of the object in the semi-carbonization furnace A is generated by the supply pressure of the air supplied from the air supply nozzle 16 into the semi-carbonization furnace A and the rise in the temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace A. Pressure due to volume expansion of gas in semi-carbonization furnace A, suction by air flow of product gas air supply nozzle 66, natural suction of combustion waste gas outlet 61 (chimney), induction by combustion blower gas utilization device D by induction blower D3 By the force or the like, it rises through the gap between the objects in the semi-carbonization furnace A, and is sent to the product gas combustion furnace C via the product gas supply pipe B from the product gas outlet 14 at the upper part of the side wall. When the generated gas is directly burned in the semi-carbonization furnace A, flaming combustion (combustion with a flame) occurs at an unspecified position and the phenomenon of extinguishing the fire is repeated, and the combustion atmosphere in the semi-carbonization furnace A becomes unstable. However, there is a possibility that smoke (incomplete combustion) or explosion noise may be involved, but in the case of this device, there is no such a risk. In addition, in the case of flaming combustion, most of the carbon fine particles generated by the combustion of hydrocarbons become crystalline carbon and the combustibility is deteriorated. You can expect sex.

Since the lower part of the object accommodated in the semi-carbonization furnace A is ignited and air is supplied from the bottom of the semi-carbonization furnace A to the semi-carbonization furnace A, the flameless combustion section is formed while expanding to the lower part. As a result, the thermal decomposition portion is formed while expanding above, and the combustion waste gas having the combustion heat passes through the gap of the object toward the generated gas outlet 14 above the object storage portion. Because of the rise, the preheating / drying section is formed as if it were a layer above the pyrolysis section, and the target is carbonized.

The carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and water vapor (H ₂ O) generated by the flameless combustion of the object in the semi-carbon distillation furnace A come into contact with the carbon generated by the decomposition of the object by the heat of combustion. It is converted into carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H ₂ ) by a reduction reaction, and is turned into combustible gas.

The product gas supplied to the product gas combustion furnace C is ignited by the flame of the auxiliary combustion burner 86 and the temperature of the product gas combustion furnace C to which the flame has been injected and heated by the combustion burner 86 in advance. Air supply nozzle 6 for generated gas
The combustion is continued by being mixed with the air supplied from 6.

The stability of the product gas combustion flame is confirmed by the control device F based on the detection information from the product gas combustion burner flame detector 75, and the fact that the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace C exceeds a predetermined temperature indicates that the product gas combustion flame is stable. Combustion furnace temperature detector 126
When the determination is made by the control device F based on the temperature detected by the control device [S6], the auxiliary burner 86 is instructed by a command from the control device F.
Is extinguished [S8], and the fuel is saved. When the temperature detected by the temperature detector 126 in the generated gas combustion furnace is lower than the appropriate temperature range required for ensuring complete combustion [S8], the control device F sends an operation command to the auxiliary combustion burner 86 and the combustion of the auxiliary combustion burner 86 [ The amount of heat is replenished by S9], and the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace C returns to the appropriate temperature value range. If the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace C exceeds a predetermined temperature [S10],
Again, the auxiliary burner 86 is extinguished [S7]. Such fire extinguishing and burning of the auxiliary burner 86 are repeated according to a temperature change in the product gas combustion furnace C.

When the control device F determines that the oxygen concentration in the waste gas of the product gas combustion furnace C detected by the oxygen concentration detector 128 is lower than a predetermined range [S19], the manual and electric control valve 22 ( Alternatively, a command to decrease the opening degree is sent to the branch pipe manual and electric metering valve 26) to reduce the amount of air supplied from the air supply nozzle 16 for the object into the semi-carbonization furnace A [S
20], when it is determined that the value exceeds the predetermined range [S2
2], a command to increase the opening is sent to increase the amount of air supplied from the air supply nozzle 16 for the object into the semi-dry distillation furnace A [S23]. In this case, the degree of opening of the manual / electric control valve 22 (or the branch pipe manual / electric control valve 26) is increased or decreased within a certain range.

Since the flow rate of the air flowing out from the product gas air supply nozzle 66 is constant, if the air supply flow rate into the semi-carbonization furnace A is reduced, the amount of gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace A per unit time is reduced. Decreases, and the oxygen concentration in the waste gas generated by burning the generated gas in the generated gas combustion furnace C increases. When the air supply flow rate into the semi-carbonization furnace A is increased, the amount of generated gas increases, and the oxygen concentration in the waste gas decreases. Therefore, substantially complete combustion of the product gas in the product gas combustion furnace C is ensured in terms of the required amount of oxygen, and the air supplied to the product gas combustion furnace C at a constant flow rate is a semi-carbonization furnace. By maintaining the amount of gas generated per unit time in A, the speed of burning and carbonization of the object in the semi-carbonization furnace A is maintained.

When the temperature inside the product gas combustion furnace C detected by the temperature detector 126 inside the product gas combustion furnace exceeds the overheat authorization value [S11], the control device F controls the manual and electric metering valve 124 to operate the valve. Is opened by a predetermined amount to supply air from each combustion furnace cooling air supply nozzle 116 into the product gas combustion furnace C, and a manual and electric metering valve 22 (corresponding to the concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detector 128). Alternatively, the transmission of the open / close command to the branch pipe manual / electric metering valve 26) is stopped [S
11, S12]. As a result, the product gas combustion furnace C is rapidly cooled and returned to an appropriate temperature. Air supply device 118
First, at the start of air supply, or beforehand, an operation command is output from the control device F to operate the air conditioner. The manual shutoff valve 112 is opened in advance. The combustion furnace cooling air supply nozzle 116 is disposed so as not to prevent complete combustion of the produced gas.
Further, since it has nothing to do with the air supply flow rate into the semi-carbonization furnace A, it does not affect the incineration speed of the object.

The control device F opens the manual / electric metering valve 124 to start supplying cooling air to the product gas combustion furnace C, and then detects the product gas combustion furnace temperature detected by the product gas combustion furnace temperature detector 126. When the temperature in C falls to a predetermined value lower than the overheat authorization value within a predetermined time [S13, S14], the manual and electric metering valve 124 is instructed to close the valve and the supply of the cooling air is stopped [S15]. ] And the manual and electric metering valve 2 according to the concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detector 128.
The transmission of the opening / closing command to the second (or the branch pipe manual / electric metering valve 26) is restarted [S11, S19].

The control device F opens the manual and electric metering valve 124 to start supplying cooling air to the product gas combustion furnace C, and then detects the product gas combustion furnace temperature detected by the product gas combustion furnace temperature detector 126. When the temperature in C does not decrease to a predetermined value lower than the overheat authorization value within a predetermined time [S14], a fully-closed command is sent to the manual and electric control valve 22 (or the branch pipe manual and electric control valve 26). Then, the air supply from the air supply nozzle 16 for the object to the semi-carbonization furnace A is stopped [S16], and the amount of combustible gas generated is rapidly reduced to reduce the amount of heat generated by the combustion of the product gas in the product gas combustion furnace C. Lower. When the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace C detected by the product gas combustion furnace temperature detector 126 decreases to a predetermined value lower than the overheat authorization value [S17], the control device F sets the manual and electric metering valve 1
24, a command to close the valve to stop the supply of the cooling air, and a command to gradually increase the opening to the manual and electric control valve 22 (or the branch pipe manual and electric control valve 26). The air supply from the object air supply nozzle 16 to the semi-carbonization furnace A is restarted and gradually increased to restore the carbonization and combustion speed of the object [S18].

The temperature in the product gas combustion furnace C detected by the temperature detector 126 in the product gas combustion furnace is within the appropriate temperature range, and the product gas combustion furnace C detected by the nitrogen oxide concentration detector 130 is detected. If the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the waste gas of the above is higher than the specified concentration [S24], the controller F
Sends an operation command to the water supply device 78 for flame cooling fog water and a command to open a predetermined amount to the manual and electric metering valve 84, from the flame cooling injection nozzle 76 to the base of the generated gas combustion fire. Fog water is supplied [S25]. As a result, an endothermic reaction (water gas reaction) between carbon fine particles or oily fine particles and water in the product gas combustion flame and heat loss due to vaporization of water occur, the flame temperature drops, and nitrogen in the product gas combustion furnace C is reduced. Generation of thermal NO _x due to oxidation is suppressed.
When the nitrogen oxide concentration in the waste gas of the generated gas combustion furnace C is lower than the specified concentration [S26], the control device F sends a stop command to the flame cooling fog water supply device 78 and also performs manual and electric operation. A closing command is sent to the metering valve 84 to stop supplying the mist water [S27].

As the carbonization proceeds, the number of objects in the semi-carbonization furnace A decreases and the amount of ignited fire increases, and the temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace detected by the semi-carbonization furnace temperature detector 56 is recognized as the completion of carbonization. When the value exceeds the value, the controller F determines that the non-distilled and unburned objects have substantially disappeared in the semi-distilled furnace and a fire has occurred [S28]. In the igniting state, the calorific value of the generated gas decreases, and the temperature in the generated gas combustion furnace C decreases.

After it is determined that a fire has occurred,
When it is determined that the temperature in the product gas combustion furnace C detected by the product gas combustion furnace temperature detector 126 has fallen below the appropriate temperature value range [S29], the control device F sets the auxiliary burner 86 to a constant value. Stop after operating for a time [S3
0].

When it is determined that a fire has occurred, the manual and electric metering valve 36 is opened for a predetermined time by a command from the control device F and a predetermined amount is opened from each fire air supply nozzle 30. By supplying air to the inside of the fire layer in the semi-carbonization furnace A or to the surface of the fire layer, the fire is quickly incinerated (combusted), and the oxidation of carbon monoxide generated with the combustion of the fire is performed. Is promoted [S31]. At the start of air supply or beforehand, an operation command is output from the control device F to the air supply device 32, and the air supply device 32 is operated. The manual shutoff valve 34 is
Open in advance.

The air supply from each air supply nozzle 16 for the object to the semi-distillation furnace A and the air supply from the air supply nozzle 66 for the generated gas to the generated gas combustion furnace C are continuously performed.

After it is determined that a fire has occurred,
When the concentration of carbon monoxide in the waste gas of the product gas combustion furnace C detected by the carbon monoxide concentration detector 132 exceeds the high concentration certified value [S32], or detected by the temperature detector 56 in the semi-carbonization furnace. When the temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace A exceeds the overheat authorization value [S34], the manual and electric metering valve 46 is opened for a predetermined time by a command from the control device F to open a predetermined amount for each carbon monoxide oxidation. By supplying air from the air supply nozzle 38 to the surface portion of the fire layer in the semi-distillation furnace A, the carbon monoxide in the semi-distillation furnace A is oxidized to reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide in the waste gas [ [S33] Or, the inside of the semi-carbonization furnace A is rapidly cooled to return to an appropriate temperature [S3].
5]. At the start of air supply or beforehand, an operation command is output from the control device F to the air supply device 40 to operate it.
The manual shutoff valve 44 is opened in advance.

After it is determined that a fire has occurred,
Semi-carbonization furnace A detected by semi-carbonization furnace temperature detector 56
When it is determined that the incineration of the bonfire has ended due to the temperature of the inside falling below the predetermined temperature [S36], the control device F sends an operation command to the water supply device 50 for fog water and performs manual operation. A command to open a predetermined amount to the electric metering valve 55 is sent to the electric metering valve 55 for a predetermined time, and mist water is supplied from the semi-distillation furnace cooling mist supply nozzle 48 into the semi-distillation furnace A [S37]. By the vaporization of the fog water, etc., the residual heat in the semi-distillation furnace A after the incineration of the bonfire ends can be taken out, the cooling can be promoted, and the temperature can be quickly lowered to the safe temperature, and the next work can be advanced early. be able to.

In the above description, it is not always necessary to automatically perform all operations automatically performed by a command from the control device F according to a command from the control device F.

[0119]

According to the incineration method and the incinerator of the present invention, substantially complete combustion in the combustion furnace of the gas produced by the non-flame combustion and the carbonization of the object in the semi-carbonization furnace is achieved by the combustion temperature and the required oxygen. In terms of quantity, the generation and emission of thermally decomposable harmful substances such as dioxins, hydrogen cyanide, and hydrocarbon gases, and the emission of high-concentration dust are effectively prevented. The speed of the flameless combustion and the carbonization of the object in the inside is maintained, and the object can be incinerated as quickly as possible.

[0120] According to the incinerator of the fifth aspect , it is possible to promote the burning of the igniting fire and rapidly incinerate the target object without causing the flaming combustion which may damage the semi-carbonization furnace.

According to the incinerator of claim 6 , since the oxygen-containing gas is supplied into the semi-carbonization furnace by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for oxidizing carbon monoxide, the carbon monoxide in the semi-carbonization furnace is oxidized. It is possible to prevent the concentration of carbon monoxide in the gas from exceeding a certain concentration.

According to the incinerator of claim 7 , when the detected temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace exceeds the certified value of overheating, an oxygen-containing gas is supplied to rapidly cool the interior of the semi-carbonization furnace to an appropriate temperature. Since it is restored, it is possible to prevent the semi-dry distillation furnace from being worn out due to overheating.

According to the incinerator according to the eighth aspect , when the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detecting means exceeds the overheat authorization value, the combustion furnace is rapidly cooled and returned to an appropriate temperature. Wear can be prevented.

According to the incinerator of the ninth aspect, when the inside of the combustion furnace is in an abnormal state where it does not return to an appropriate temperature due to overheating, the supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace is stopped or reduced to reduce the amount of the flammable gas. The amount of generation is rapidly reduced, and the amount of heat generated by the combustion of the generated gas in the combustion furnace is reduced, thereby preventing the combustion furnace from being worn out due to abnormal overheating.

According to the incinerator of the tenth aspect , the gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace or the combustion waste gas in the combustion furnace is brought into contact with the metal, especially the low-temperature wall surface of the metal, to generate and discharge dioxins. Effectively suppressed.

[0126] According to the incineration apparatus according to claim 11, it is possible to suppress the discharge of quickly suppressed to NO _x generation of thermal NO _x due to oxidation of nitrogen in the combustion furnace. According to the incinerators of the twelfth and thirteenth aspects, the oxygen in the semi-carbonization furnace becomes excessive for flameless combustion, so that a mixture of product gas and oxygen is generated, or the object or the product gas causes flammable combustion. This prevents damage to the semi-carbonization furnace.

According to the incinerator of the fourteenth aspect, the incineration of liquid waste and / or gaseous waste is prevented by preventing the incineration of solid incineration in the semi-carbonization furnace and the oxygen-containing gas in the semi-carbonization furnace. It can be performed at low cost in an incinerator without problems such as blockage of a supply port or the like for supply, excess oxygen due to supply of a large amount of oxygen-containing gas at a high pressure to prevent the blockage, and formation of a gas mixture.

[0128] According to the incinerator according to the fifteenth aspect , each of the semi-carbonization furnaces is sequentially operated one by one while preventing interference with the semi-carbonization furnaces other than the operating one, and the gas generated from each semi-carbonization furnace is operated. Can be sequentially supplied to one combustion furnace, and during that time, waste gas can be continuously supplied from the combustion furnace to, for example, a heat utilization device.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a semi-dry distillation gasification and incineration apparatus.

FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of a product gas combustion burner and a partial enlarged view of a product gas air supply nozzle.

FIG. 3 is a front view and a plan view of a semi-dry distillation gasification and incineration apparatus.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a control system of the incinerator.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the incinerator.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the incinerator.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the incinerator.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the incinerator.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a control procedure of the incinerator.

[Description of sign]

 A Semi-dry distillation furnace C Generated gas combustion furnace F Controller 66 Air supply nozzle for generated gas 86 Burning burner

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification code FI F23G 5/00 119 F23G 5/00 119F ZAB ZAB ZABE 5/50 ZAB 5/50 ZABH ZABJ ZABK ZABM ZABN (58) Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) F23G 5/027 F23C 11/00 F23G 5/00 119 F23G 5/50

Claims (15)

(57) [Claims] A semi-carbonization furnace for carbonizing other parts of the object by generating heat by the heat generated by flameless combustion of a part of the stored object; Object oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for combustion to the semi-carbonization furnace, a combustion furnace for burning the product gas, and an oxygen-containing gas for combustion of the product gas to the combustion furnace An incineration method using an incinerator provided with a product gas oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying, comprising: detecting a temperature in a combustion furnace; and a heat amount required for substantially completely burning the product gas. Supplying the oxygen-containing gas to the combustion furnace at a constant flow rate by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for product gas according to the temperature in the combustion furnace; Detect oxygen concentration And the oxygen concentration in the waste gas of the combustion furnace exceeds a predetermined range corresponding to substantially complete combustion of the product gas in the combustion furnace.
In the state, oxygen is supplied by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object.
Increase the supply flow rate of the contained gas into the semi-carbonization furnace,
If the oxygen content is below the specified range, the oxygen-containing gas
The supply flow rate of oxygen-containing gas into the semi-carbonization furnace by the supply means
An incineration method characterized by reducing the amount. 2. A semi-carbonization furnace for carbonizing another part of the object by generating heat by the heat generated by the flameless combustion of a part of the accommodated object; An object oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for flameless combustion to a semi-carbonization furnace, a combustion furnace for burning the generated gas, and burning the oxygen-containing gas for burning the generated gas An incinerator comprising an oxygen-containing gas supply means for a product gas to be supplied to a furnace, a combustion furnace temperature detection means for detecting a temperature in the combustion furnace, and an oxygen concentration in a waste gas of the combustion furnace. Oxygen concentration detecting means, and an auxiliary combustion burner for replenishing the combustion furnace with an amount of heat required to substantially completely burn the generated gas in accordance with the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detecting means. Oxygen-containing gas supply means Is for supplying an oxygen-containing gas at a constant flow rate to the combustion furnace, wherein the object oxygen-containing gas supply means has an oxygen concentration in the waste gas of the combustion furnace detected by the oxygen concentration detection means, For virtually complete combustion of product gas in the combustion furnace
Above the specified range.
Increase the amount, and the detected concentration falls below the predetermined range.
An incinerator characterized in that the supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas is reduced . 3. The object-containing oxygen-containing gas supply means supplies an oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace from the bottom of the semi-carbonization furnace and / or the lower part of the side wall, and the semi-carbonization furnace includes an object storage chamber. The incinerator according to claim 2, further comprising a product gas outlet for sending the product gas to the combustion furnace, above the section. 4. The auxiliary combustion burner operates when the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detecting means falls below a predetermined value, and stops operating when the temperature exceeds a predetermined value.
Or the incinerator according to 3. 5. A semi-carbonization furnace temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature in the semi-carbonization furnace, and, when the temperature detected by the semi-carbonization furnace temperature detecting means exceeds a certified value of the completion of carbonization, combustion of an igniting fire is performed. and has a semi-dry distillation oxygen-containing gas supply means for every fire supplied into the furnace an oxygen-containing gas to promote claim 2, 3 or 4
The incinerator as described. 6. A method for detecting the concentration of carbon monoxide in a waste gas of a combustion furnace, the method comprising: detecting a concentration of carbon monoxide in a waste gas of a combustion furnace; An oxygen-containing gas for oxidizing carbon monoxide that supplies an oxygen-containing gas for oxidizing carbon monoxide in the semi-carbonization furnace in a state where the concentration detected by the carbon concentration detection means exceeds the high concentration certified value. The incinerator according to claim 5 , further comprising a supply means. 7. A semi-distilled furnace having a semi-distilled furnace temperature detecting means for detecting a temperature in the semi-distilled furnace, wherein after the temperature detected by the semi-distilled furnace temperature detecting means exceeds the certified value of the completion of the distillation, When the temperature detected by the temperature detecting means exceeds the certified overheating value, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for cooling the semi-distillation furnace supplies the oxygen-containing gas for cooling in the semi-distillation furnace into the semi-distillation furnace. Claim 5
Or the incinerator according to 6 . 8. A combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying an oxygen-containing gas for cooling the combustion furnace into the combustion furnace, wherein the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detection means indicates an overheat certification value. In the state above, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for combustion furnace cooling is
An oxygen-containing gas for cooling the inside of the combustion furnace is supplied into the combustion furnace, and the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object supplies the supply flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas according to the increase and decrease of the concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detection means. After the combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply means starts supplying oxygen-containing gas for cooling the combustion furnace into the combustion furnace without any increase or decrease, the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detection means is the overheat certified value. When the oxygen-containing gas supply means for cooling the combustion furnace stops supplying the oxygen-containing gas, and the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object increases the concentration detected by the oxygen concentration detection means. and response to the decrease, claim 2, 3, 4, 5 the feed flow rate of the oxygen-containing gas is intended to increase and decrease, respectively, the incinerator 6 or 7, wherein. 9. The combustion furnace cooling oxygen supply gas supply means starts supplying oxygen-containing gas for cooling the inside of the combustion furnace into the combustion furnace. If the detected temperature does not fall below the overheat approval value, the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object stops or decreases the supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace, and the supply of the oxygen-containing gas by the oxygen-containing gas supply means for the object When the temperature detected by the combustion furnace temperature detecting means drops to a predetermined value lower than the overheat authorization value after the stop or the decrease, the combustion furnace cooling oxygen-containing gas supply means stops supplying the oxygen-containing gas, and The incinerator according to claim 8 , wherein the oxygen-containing gas supply means starts or increases the supply of the oxygen-containing gas to the semi-carbonization furnace. 10. A non-metallic refractory inorganic material on the entire inner wall surface with which the gas generated in the semi-carbonization furnace or the combustion waste gas in the combustion furnace comes into contact. , 6, 7, 8 or 9 . 11. A nitrogen oxide concentration detecting means for detecting a nitrogen oxide concentration in a waste gas of a combustion furnace, and a cooling water supply for supplying mist water or steam for cooling a generated gas combustion flame in the combustion furnace. Means for detecting the temperature of the inside of the combustion furnace, the temperature detected by the temperature detection means in the combustion furnace is within a predetermined temperature range, and the concentration detected by the nitrogen oxide concentration detection means exceeds the specified concentration, the cooling water supply means in the combustion furnace And supplying fog water or steam for cooling to the generated gas combustion flame of claim 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
The incinerator according to 8, 9 or 10 . 12. An object-containing oxygen-containing gas supply means for supplying an oxygen-containing gas to a semi-carbonization furnace only at the vicinity of its ignition position when igniting an object, and thereafter gradually expanding its supply range. Claims 2, 3,
The incinerator according to 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or 11 . 13. An object-containing oxygen-containing gas supply means for gradually increasing the supply amount of oxygen-containing gas to a semi-carbonization furnace after ignition of an object.
13. The incinerator according to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 . 14. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising means for supplying liquid waste and / or gaseous waste to the combustion furnace. Twelve
Is the incinerator according to 13 . 15. A fuel cell system comprising: a plurality of semi-carbonized distillation furnaces capable of supplying flammable gas to be produced to a single combustion furnace; and shutoff means capable of isolating between each of the semi-carbonized distillation furnaces and the combustion furnace. Claims 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 1
15. The incinerator according to 2, 13, or 14 .