JPH0157918B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument equipped with an automatic performance function in which the tempo is automatically controlled. Conventionally, music data such as a melody is stored, and the music data is sequentially read out by counting the tempo clock that advances automatic performance, and the performance timing of the read music data and the keyboard of the key corresponding to the music data are determined. If the key press timing is later than the performance timing in this comparison, generation of the tempo clock is stopped, and the frequency of the tempo clock is controlled by tempo correction data related to the earlier or later key press timing. An electronic musical instrument in which the performance by key depression and the automatic performance are made to match each other is known from Patent Application No. 78784 filed in 1981. However, in such conventional electronic musical instruments, when controlling the frequency of the tempo clock, the average value of a plurality of tempo correction data is used. If the key press timing deviates significantly, the subsequent tempo changes significantly, and in order to return to a stable tempo near the standard tempo, key presses of several notes are required. This invention was made in view of the above circumstances.
To provide an electronic musical instrument that does not significantly change the tempo thereafter when the key press timing suddenly deviates greatly, and can restore the changed tempo in a short time in this case. Therefore, the present invention provides a reference tempo data generating means, and when forming new tempo data from the corrected tempo data measured in response to the performance operation by the performance operation means and the previous tempo data, the reference tempo data is Restoration of the tempo that has deviated from the standard tempo by changing and controlling the degree of tempo correction of the corrected tempo data with respect to the previous tempo data based on the deviation between the standard tempo data generated from the data generating means and the previous tempo data. I try to do this as soon as possible. Furthermore, the degree of tempo correction of the corrected tempo data with respect to the previous tempo data is controlled to change based on the deviation between the reference tempo data and the corrected tempo data, thereby preventing the tempo from being changed significantly. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument to which the present invention is applied. In FIG. 1, a keyboard 1 has a key switch for each key that is linked to key operations, and depending on the pressed key, the key switch corresponding to that key is turned on. The pressed key detection circuit 2 scans the key switch, detects a key switch that is turned on, that is, a pressed key, and outputs key information (key code) KC representing that key in a time-division manner, and also detects that the key is pressed. Outputs the key-on signal KON of the binary level shown. The key code KC is, for example, as shown in Table 1, 2-bit octave codes B ₂ , B ₁ representing the octave range, and 4-bit note codes N ₄ , N ₃ , N representing the 12 note names within one octave. It is a 6-bit binary coded signal consisting of ₂ and _N1 .

【table】

[Table] Key code KC output from key press detection circuit 2
The key-on signal KON is applied to the sound generation channel assignment circuit 3 and the melody pitch data extraction circuit 4. The pronunciation channel allocation circuit 3 receives, as other inputs, obbligado pitch data ON outputted from a chord/obligado data extraction circuit 200, which will be described later, and a plurality of key codes indicating chord constituent tones outputted from the subordinate tone forming circuit 5. CKC and bass sound forming circuit 6
Key code BKC indicating the bass sound output from
is added. The subordinate tone forming circuit 5 receives the chord name data CH output from the chord/obligado data extraction circuit 200.
Multiple key codes indicating chord constituent notes based on
Form CKC. Note that the chord name data CH is a 6-bit binary code consisting of 4-bit data indicating the note name of the root note of the chord (see Table 1) and 2-bit data indicating the type of chord (major, minor, seventh). be. An example of key code CKC formation in the subordinate tone forming circuit 5 is shown below. When the chord type is major, the key code CKC indicating the pitch relationship of perfect 1st, major 3rd, and perfect 5th to the root note is shown. , and when the chord type is minor, a key code CKC is formed that indicates the interval relationship of perfect 1st, minor 3rd, and perfect 5th to the root note, and when the chord type is 7th, the key code A key code CKC is formed that indicates the pitch relationship of a perfect 1st, a major 3rd, and a minor 7th. The bass tone forming circuit 6 receives chord name data output from the chord/obligado data extraction circuit 200.
A key code BKC indicating a bass tone is formed based on the CH and the bass pattern signal BP output from the automatic accompaniment pattern signal generation circuit 7. The automatic accompaniment pattern signal generation circuit 7 will now be explained. The automatic accompaniment pattern signal generation circuit 7 generates a chord sound generation timing signal CT, a bass sound sound generation timing signal BT, and a rhythm pattern signal corresponding to the rhythm selected by a rhythm selection switch (not shown).
A tempo clock output from a tempo control circuit 300, which will be described later, includes RP and base pattern signal BP.
It is generated by TCL and consists of a pattern memory and an address counter. The pattern memory stores a plurality of chord sound generation timing patterns, bass sound sound generation timing patterns, rhythm patterns, and bass patterns for each rhythm. The patterns for each rhythm stored in this pattern memory are selected by a rhythm selection switch, and each of the selected patterns is sequentially read out using the count value of an address counter that counts the tempo clock TCL as an address signal. In addition, the chord pronunciation timing signal CT
and bass sound generation timing signal BT are signals indicating the generation timing of automatic chord sound and automatic bass sound, respectively, and rhythm pattern signal RP
is a signal indicating the type of rhythm tone to be generated and its generation timing, and the base pattern signal BP is a signal indicating the pitch relationship corresponding to the root tone of the automatic bass tone to be generated. The bass tone forming circuit 6 inputs chord name data.
By adding the key code indicating the root note of the chord among the CHs and the base pattern signal BP, a key code BKC indicating the base note having a predetermined interval relationship with the root note is formed. In addition, when the base pattern signal BP corresponds to the interval of a major third, and the chord type of the chord name data CH is minor, the base tone forming circuit 6 makes the base pattern signal BP correspond to the interval of a minor third. Correct and add as follows. The sound generation channel assignment circuit 3 is connected to the key press detection circuit 2.
A channel to which the key code KC outputted from is exclusively assigned, and obbligado pitch data outputted from the chord/obligado data extraction circuit 200.
A channel to which ON is exclusively assigned, and a key code indicating the chord constituent notes output from the subordinate tone forming circuit 5.
It has a predetermined number of sound generation channels consisting of a channel exclusively assigned to CKC and a channel exclusively assigned to key code BKC indicating the bass sound output from the bass sound forming circuit 6, and each of the above key codes is assigned to these sound generation channels. The key code KC ^* assigned to each channel and stored as appropriate is outputted to the musical tone forming circuit 8 in a time-sharing manner. The musical tone forming circuit 8 forms musical tone signals based on the key code KC ^* applied from the sound generation channel allocation circuit 3 in a time-sharing manner. Note that the musical tone signal formed based on the key code KC output from the key press detection circuit 2 is subjected to opening/closing envelope control by the key-on signal KON output from the key press detection circuit 2.
Furthermore, the musical tone signals formed based on the key code CKC indicating the chord component tones and the key code BKC indicating the bass tone are respectively a chord generation timing signal CT and a bass tone generation timing generated from the automatic accompaniment pattern signal generation circuit 7. signal BT
The opening/closing envelope is controlled based on The musical tone signal formed by the musical tone forming circuit 8 is amplified by an amplifier 9 and applied to a speaker 10, where it is produced as a melody tone, chord, bass tone, or obbligato tone. Further, the rhythm sound source circuit 11 generates rhythm sound signals indicating various rhythm sounds in accordance with the rhythm pattern signal RP generated from the automatic accompaniment pattern signal generation circuit 7, and outputs the rhythm sound signals to the speaker 10 via the amplifier 9.
In addition to this, it is also pronounced as a rhythm sound. Next, tempo control for automatic performance of an electronic musical instrument will be explained. First, the data format of the automatic performance data output from the external recording means 12 will be explained. The external recording means 12 is a magnetic card/tape, a punch card, a bar code, etc., and as shown in FIG. The data and chord data are recorded in the form of serial data in the order in which they are written. Note that mark data DM ₁ to _{DM 6} for identifying each data is recorded at the head of each data. The tempo data is stored in advance as model tempo data for automatic performance, and is composed of binary codes.The melody pitch data and obbligado pitch data each indicate the pitch, and are 6-bit binary codes. (See Table 1). The melody note length data and obbligado note length data each indicate the length of a note or rest, that is, the note length, and are composed of 6-bit binary codes. An example of note length data is shown in Table 2.

[Table] The chord data includes chord name data indicating the name of the chord to be generated and timing data indicating the chord generation timing, and is composed of 6-bit and 10-bit binary codes, respectively. Note that the chord name data is read out in conjunction with the reading of the obbligado pitch data, and the timing data is used when the obbligado pitch data of the obbligado notes to be sounded at the same time is transferred to the data memory 14, which will be described later. This corresponds to the storage address in the data memory 14 after the above. Each of the above data recorded in the external recording means 12 is read by the music data input device 13 in the form of serial data. The music data input device 13 converts the read serial data into parallel data, supplies tempo data TD to the tempo control circuit 300 using mark data DM ₁ , and also inputs melody pitch data, melody note length data, and obbligado pitch data. , obbligado note length data and chord data to the data memory 14, and write control data including mark data _DM2 to _DM6 .
It is supplied to a RAM (random access memory) write control circuit 15. The data memory 14 has a storage area for each data group, and writing to and reading from the corresponding storage area of each data group is performed by five counters 16a to 16a that output address signals corresponding to each storage area.
This is done by the address counter 16 consisting of 16e. The RAM write control circuit 15 controls writing of each data group supplied from the music data input device 13 to the data memory 14 for each storage area corresponding to each data in the data memory 14. mark data
When DM ₂ is input, the counter 16a of the address counter 16 corresponding to the storage area of melody pitch data is enabled, and the counter 16a is counted up every time melody pitch data is sent from the music data input device 13. let The counter 16a outputs the counted value as an address signal to the data memory 14, and writes melody pitch data at the address indicated by the address signal. In addition,
Upon receiving the mark data _DM2 , the RAM write control circuit 15 initializes the counter 16a so that the address signal of the counter 16a indicates the start address of the melody pitch data storage area. When writing of all melody pitch data is completed in this way, the RAM write control circuit 15 inputs the mark data DM ₃ and performs the same operation in the storage area corresponding to the melody note length data in the data memory 14. The melody note length data is written from the first address of the storage area. Hereinafter, each time mark data DM ₄ , DM ₅ , DM ₆ is input, the RAM write control circuit 15 writes data into the storage area corresponding to the mark data.
Obligado pitch data, obbligado note length data, and chord data are written from the first address of the storage area. Next, a case will be described in which the start switch 17 is turned on after all automatic performance data has been written into the data memory 14. When the start switch 17 is turned on, the RAM
The read control circuit 18 initially sets the address counter 16 so that each counter in the address counter 16 indicates the start address of the corresponding storage area, and then reads the first and second notes of the melody from the data memory 14. melody pitch data and melody note length data, the first obbligado
The address counter 16 is controlled to sequentially read obbligard pitch data and obbligard note length data corresponding to a note. That is, the RAM read control circuit 18 reads the counter 1 of the address counter 16 corresponding to the storage area of the melody pitch data and the melody note length data.
6a and 16b are enabled, and each counter 16 is
Based on the address signals a' and 16b, melody pitch data and melody note length data corresponding to the first note of the melody are read out from the data memory 14, and then each counter 16a and 16b is counted up to read the second note of the melody. Read out melody pitch data and melody note length data corresponding to the note. Similarly, the counters 16c and 16d of the address counter 16 corresponding to the storage areas of the obbligado pitch data and the obbligado note length data are made operable, and the counters 16c and 16d are incremented.
Read obbligado pitch data and obbligado note length data corresponding to the note. Note that the RAM read control circuit 18 outputs the next melody read request signal every time the counters 16a and 16b of the address counter 16 are counted up.
MNR is output, and each time the counters 16c and 16d of the address counter 16 are counted up, the next obligate read request signal ONR is output.
Further, the RAM read control circuit 18 drives the counter 16e of the address counter 16 corresponding to the storage area of the chord data at high speed, and reads out all the chord data from the data memory 14 when reading the obbligado pitch data and obbligado note length data. Read out. The data output circuit 19 outputs obbligado pitch data ON1, obbligado note length data OL1, and chord name data CH1 out of each data read from the data memory 14 to the chord/obbligado data extraction circuit 200, and outputs the melody sound. The high data MN2 and melody note length data ML2 are output to the melody data extraction circuit 100. A chord search circuit 19a included in the data output circuit 19 selects chord data read out from the data memory 14 at high speed based on the address signal output from the counter 16c of the address counter 16 when reading the obligado pitch data. It searches for timing data of chord data indicating the same address as the address signal, and outputs this timing data and a pair of chord name data CH1. Melody data retrieval circuit 100 receives melody pitch data MN2 and melody note length data ML2 from data output circuit 19, receives next melody read request signal MNR from RAM read control circuit 18, and receives tempo clock from tempo control circuit 300, which will be described later. TCL is added, and melody pitch data MN1 of the melody note (melody note leading by one note) to be played based on these signals.
and melody note length data ML, a stop command signal MP used to stop the output of the tempo clock from the tempo control circuit 300, and a read command for melody data (melody pitch data and melody note length data) from the data memory 14. This is to extract the signal MLU. FIG. 3 shows a detailed configuration example of the melody data retrieval circuit 100. When the next melody read request signal MNR is applied from the RAM read control circuit 18 in conjunction with reading melody data, the latch circuits 101 and 102 latches the melody pitch data MN2 and melody note length data ML2 that are added from the data output circuit 19, respectively, and the latch circuit 104 latches the melody note length data ML1 that was previously latched by the latch circuit 102, and outputs the melody note length. Counter 105 is reset. Immediately after the start switch 17 is turned on, the signal MNR is output once as two pieces of melody data are read, so the melody pitch data MN1 and the melody note length data latched by the latch circuits 101 and 102 are
Each ML1 corresponds to the first note of the melody to be played, and the latch circuit 104 latches non-note length data (all "0"). The melody pitch data MN1 latched by the latch circuit 101 is applied to the tempo control circuit 300 and the display device 20, and the melody note length data ML1 latched by the latch circuit 102 is applied to the tempo control circuit 300 and the display device 20.
04 and latched by the latch circuit 104 is applied to the B input of the comparator 106 and the tempo control circuit 300. The display device 20 is composed of lamps arranged for each key, and displays the key to be pressed by lighting the lamp corresponding to the input melody pitch data MN1. Therefore, the display device 20 displays the first part of the melody based on the melody pitch data MN1.
The keys corresponding to the notes are displayed by lighting. The comparator 106 has the parallel output of the upper bits excluding the lower 2 bits from the melody note length counter 105 that counts the tempo clock TCL added to the A input as note length data, and each note length added to the A and B inputs. The data are compared, and when they match, a melody note length matching signal MLEQ is output. In this case, since the melody note length counter 105 is reset by the signal MNR and outputs non-note length data (after being reset, three tempo clocks TCL are added to the melody note length counter 105, but the fourth tempo clock TCL is stopped by a stop command signal MP (see FIG. 4 d) to be described later), the comparator 106 applies a coincidence signal MLEQ (“1”) (see FIG. 4 c) to the AND circuit 107, The AND circuit 107 is enabled. The melody note length counter 105 inputs three tempo clocks TCL after being reset (see FIG. Outputs signal “1”. Therefore, the AND circuit 107 is the melody note length counter 1
The command signal MP to stop the signal "1" until the fourth tempo clock TCL is applied to 05 (Fig. 4d)
It is outputted to the tempo control circuit 300 as (see) and also outputted to the AND circuit 109. Here, the melody performance for the first note of the melody is performed at the performance time t _KON (see Figure 4b),
When the fourth tempo clock TCL is output from the tempo control circuit 300 after resetting the note length counter 105, the AND circuit 109 converts this tempo clock TCL into a melody data read command signal MLU.
(See FIG. 4e) as the RAM read control circuit 18.
Output to. The RAM read control circuit 18 receives a read command signal MLU
When the address counter 18 is inputted, the counters 18a and 18b of the address counter 18 are immediately counted up, the melody data corresponding to the third note of the melody is read out from the data memory 14, and the next melody read request signal MNR (see Fig. 4 f) is sent. Output. As a result, the latch circuits 101 and 102 respectively output melody pitch data MN1 and melody note length data ML corresponding to the second note of the melody.
1, and the latch circuit 104 outputs the first melody.
Outputs melody note length data ML corresponding to the note. The display device 20 illuminates the key to be pressed next based on melody pitch data MN1 corresponding to the second note of the melody output from the latch circuit 101, and the comparator 106 connects the B input to the latch circuit 104.
The melody note length data ML corresponding to the first note of the melody output from the melody is input. The comparator 106 has note length data corresponding to the time after the melody performance time _tKON added to the A input from the melody note length counter 105, and from the time _t0 when these note length data match, the process is performed in the same manner as described above. Outputs the melody note length matching signal MLEQ (5th
(see figure c). Then, the AND circuit 107 outputs the signal
After MLEQ is output, the tempo control circuit 300
When the third tempo clock TCL is output to the melody note length counter 105, a stop command signal MP is output.
(see FIG. 5d), and when the fourth tempo clock TCL is output, the AND circuit 109 outputs a read command signal MLU (see FIG. 5e). In addition, as shown in FIG. 5b, if the performance time _tKON is earlier than the coincidence time _t0 , the melody coincidence signal
MKEQ prevents the fourth and subsequent tempo clocks TCL after the coincidence time _t0 from being stopped. In this way, the melody data extraction circuit 100
extracts, for each melody performance, melody pitch data MN1 of the melody note that precedes by one note, melody note length data ML of the melody note being played, a stop command signal MP, and a melody read command signal MLU. The chord/obligado data extraction circuit 200 is
Obligado pitch data from data output circuit 19
ON1, obbligard note length data OL1, and chord name data CH1 are added, the next obbligard read request signal ONR is added from the RAM read control circuit 18, and a tempo clock TCL is added from the tempo control circuit 300, which will be described later. The melody data retrieval circuit 10 based on the signal of
0, the obbligado pitch data ON of the automatically played obbligado note, the chord name data CH corresponding to the automatically played chord/bass note, and the obbligado data (obligado pitch) from the data memory 14. This is used to extract the read command signal MLU of data and obbligard code length data. FIG. 6 shows a detailed configuration example of the above-mentioned chord/obligard data retrieval circuit 200. When the next obbligard read request signal ONR is applied from the RAM read control circuit 18 in conjunction with reading of obbligard data, the latch circuit 201, 202 and 2
03 are obbligado pitch data ON1 and chord name data added from the data output circuit 19, respectively.
CH1 and obbligard code length data OL1 are latched, and obbligard code length counter 204 is reset by this signal ONR. In addition,
Immediately after the start switch 17 is turned on, the signal ONR is not output, so the latch circuit 2
In 01 and 203, the obbligado pitch data ON1 and obbligado note length data OL1 corresponding to the first note of obbligado are not latched,
In addition, the latch circuit 202 uses chord name data indicating the chord to be sounded together with the first note of the obbligado.
CH1 is also not latched. Latch circuit 203
In this case, unsigned length data (all "0") is latched. The obligate code length data OL (unsign length data) latched by the latch circuit 203 is sent to the comparator 205.
is added to the B input of To the A input of the comparator 205, the parallel output of the upper bits excluding the lower 2 bits from the obligate mark length counter 204 for counting the tempo clock TCL is added as mark length data. Comparator 205 compares each code length data applied to A input and B input, and outputs an obligate match signal OLEQ when they match. Since the obbrigade note length counter 204 outputs non-note length data similarly to the melody note length counter 105, the comparator 205 applies the coincidence signal OLEQ to the AND circuit 206 to enable the AND circuit 206. . The obbrigade mark length counter 204 inputs three tempo clocks TCL after being reset, and the outputs of the lower two bits are both "1", so the AND circuit 207 outputs the signal "1" via the AND circuit 206. Output. Here, when the melody corresponding to the first note of the melody is played and the fourth tempo clock TCL is output from the tempo control circuit 300 after resetting the note length counter 204, the AND circuit 208
outputs this tempo clock TCL to the RAM read control circuit 18 as an obligate data read command signal OLU. When the RAM read control circuit 18 receives the read command signal OLU, the counter 1 of the address counter 18
Immediately count up 8c and 18d and read the obbligado data corresponding to the second note of obbligado from the data memory 14,
Outputs the next obligate read request signal ONR. In response to this signal ONR, the latch circuit 201 latches obbligado pitch data ON1 corresponding to the first note of obbligard, and outputs this as obbligado pitch data ON. This obligate pitch data ON is added to the aforementioned sound channel assignment circuit 3 (Figure 1), so the speaker 1
At 0, the first obbligado sound is produced.
The latch circuit 202 also contains chord name data indicating the chord to be sounded with the first note of the obbligado.
CH1 is latched, and this is output as chord name data CH to the subtone forming circuit 5 and base tone forming circuit 6, and the latch circuit 203 latches obbligado note length data OL1 corresponding to the first note of the obbligado. , this is output to the B input of the comparator 205 as the note length data OL of the currently played obbligado note. Further, the obligatory code length counter 204 is reset by the signal ONR. The comparator 205 has the note length data OL added to its B input, and the obligate note length counter 204 to its A input.
The note length data corresponding to the time after the reset is added from , and when these note length data match, the obligate note length match signal OLEQ is sent as before.
Output. Then, the AND circuit 206 outputs the signal
After OLEQ is output, when the third tempo clock TCL is output from the tempo control circuit 300 to the obligate note length counter 204, the AND circuit 208 is enabled, and the AND circuit 208 outputs the fourth tempo clock TCL. Then, this tempo clock TCL is output as a read command signal OLU. In this way, the chord/obligado data retrieval circuit 200 outputs the obligate pitch data ON when a melody is played and the tempo clock TCL is output from the tempo control circuit 300.
Take out the chord name data CH and the obbligard data read command signal OLU. The tempo control circuit 300 receives tempo data TD from the music data input device 13 and receives melody pitch data from the melody data extraction circuit 100.
MN1, melody note length data ML and stop command signal MP are added, the next melody read request signal MNR is added from the RAM read control circuit 18, and the melody pitch data retrieval circuit 4 outputs the melody based on the key pressed on the keyboard 1. Pitch data MMN is added, and based on these signals, the generation of the tempo clock TCL is stopped and the frequency of the tempo clock TCL is controlled.
The melody pitch data retrieval circuit 4 receives the key code KC input from the key press detection circuit 2 in a time-sharing manner.
Of these, only the key code KC input at the rise of the key-on signal KON is used as melody pitch data.
Extract as MMN. FIG. 7 shows a detailed configuration example of the tempo control circuit 300, in which selection switches 301 and 3
The tempo control according to the present invention is performed according to the operating state of 02. The selection switch 301 selects a melody matching signal.
It selects the rising condition of MKEQ, and the contacts 301a, 301b, and 301c of the selection switch 301 have the output of the OR circuit 303, respectively.
The output of comparator 304 and the output of differentiator circuit 306 are added. Since the OR circuit 303 takes the OR condition of the melody pitch data MMN (6-bit binary code (see Table 1)), when any key on keyboard 1 is pressed (any key on), a signal is generated at the time of the key press. Outputs “1”. In addition,
The key range of keyboard 1 does not include keys corresponding to key codes in which all 6 bits are "0". Comparator 30
4 is the melody pitch data of the note that precedes it by one note.
Melody pitch data MMN indicating the pressed key on MN1 and keyboard 1 is now added.
When these pitch data match, that is, when a proper key is pressed on the keyboard 1, a signal "1" is output. When the self-resetting switch 305, which is a key switch other than the keyboard 1, is turned on and a signal "1" is input, the differentiating circuit 306 takes the differential of the rising edge of this signal "1" and outputs it to the contact 301c.
Note that the self-resetting switch 305 is used during one-key play. Therefore, when the selection switch 301 connects its movable contact piece 301d to the contact 301a, it outputs a signal "1" when any key is pressed on the keyboard 1, and when it connects the movable contact piece 301d to the contact 301b, it outputs a signal "1" when a key press coincides. When it is warm, it outputs a signal "1", and when it is connected to the contact 301c, it outputs a signal "1" when the self-resetting switch 305 is turned on. Signal “1” output from selection switch 301
is applied to the AND circuit 308 via the OR circuit 307. Other inputs of the AND circuit 308 include
The output of an inverter 309 that inverts the next melody read request signal MNR is added, but the next melody read request signal MNR is output immediately after the melody read command signal MLU as shown in FIGS. 4f and 5f. Therefore, the AND circuit 308 is enabled to operate when a melody match is detected. Therefore, the signal "1" output from the selection switch 301 is applied to the D flip-flop 310 via the OR circuit 307 and the AND circuit 308. The D flip-flop 310 delays the input signal "1" by a predetermined time and outputs it as a melody coincidence signal MKEQ ("1"). This melody match signal MKEQ is fed back to the D flip-flop 310 via the OR circuit 307 and the AND circuit 308, so it is held until the next melody read request signal MNR is output (FIGS. 4b and 5).
(see figure b). On the other hand, the tempo data TD added from the music data input device 13 is stored in the recording tempo data register 330, and the tempo data TD stored here is stored in the reference tempo data register 331.
is added to the B input of Further, the manual tempo setter 332 sets the tempo based on manual operation, and adds tempo data corresponding to the set tempo to the C input of the reference tempo data register 331. The performance tempo continuous measurement circuit 333 and the automatic tempo change control circuit 334 are for automatically correcting the standard tempo data stored in the standard tempo data register 331. The tempo data measured by the pressure is added to the A input of the reference tempo data register 331. That is, the performance tempo continuous measurement circuit 333 receives a melody coincidence signal by pressing a key or pressing the switch 305.
When MKEQ is output and a pulse signal is applied from the differentiating circuit 324 at the rising edge of the signal MKEQ, the count value of the counter 323 is taken in, and the average value of the taken count values is output to the automatic tempo change control circuit 324. Note that the counter 323 is
The details will be explained later, but since the operation time interval of the melody performance is measured at a speed corresponding to the note length data of the melody note currently being played, the counted value is the data (modified Tempo data). In addition, the performance tempo continuous measurement circuit 333 measures a predetermined number of times (for example,
The average of the corrected tempo data (10 pieces) may be measured, or the average of all corrected tempo data before the current performance point may be measured. The automatic tempo change control circuit 334 adds the average value (tempo data) added from the performance tempo continuous measurement circuit 333 to the A input of the reference tempo data register 331, and also adds this tempo data and the reference output from the reference tempo data register 331. The tempo data is compared with the tempo data, and when the deviation exceeds a predetermined value, a signal "1" is output to the automatic reference tempo change selection switch 335. The reference tempo data register 331 selects and outputs one of the tempo data added to the three inputs as the reference tempo data, and when the recording tempo data register 330 reads the tempo data TD from the music data input device 13. Alternatively, when the model tempo return switch 336 is turned on, a signal “1” (pulse signal) is sent via the OR circuit 337.
is applied to the B input select terminal SB, so B
The tempo data added to the input is output as reference tempo data, and when the tempo is manually set in the manual tempo setter 332, a signal "1" is added to the C input select terminal SC.
The tempo data added to the C input is output with priority over the tempo data added to the B input. Further, the automatic standard tempo change selection switch 335 is turned on, and when a signal "1" is applied from the automatic tempo change control circuit 334 to the A input select terminal SA via the switch 335, the tempo applied to the A input is changed. Output the data as standard tempo data. Next, the operation of the tempo control circuit 300 will be explained. Before starting automatic performance, the latch circuit 31 is
3, 314 and 315 each latch the frequency information (reference tempo data) of the reference tempo clock, and the counter 323 is preset so that its count value matches the reference tempo data.
Note that the latching and presetting of the reference tempo data is performed based on the tempo data TD added from the music data input device 13, but diagrams related to the above operations are omitted in FIG. The reference tempo data latched by the latch circuit 313 is applied to the A input of the arithmetic circuit 312 and the B input of the subtracter 338, respectively.
The reference tempo data latched at 14 is applied to the B input of the arithmetic circuit 312. Also, subtractor 3
Reference tempo data is added to the A input of 38 from the tempo data register 331 described above. The subtracter 338 takes the difference between the reference tempo data added to the A input and the tempo data added to the B input, and adds the absolute value of the difference to the tempo correction contribution rate control circuit 311. The tempo correction contribution rate control circuit 311 instructs the calculation circuit 312 to perform calculations according to the amount of deviation of the tempo data from the reference tempo data, that is, the magnitude of the absolute value. Assuming that A is the data added to the B input and B is the data added to the B input, the arithmetic circuit 3 is used to instruct the arithmetic operations shown in Table 3 according to the magnitude of the absolute value.
A control signal is output to 12.

[Table] As is clear from Table 3, the calculation is performed so that as the absolute value increases, the degree of modification (contribution rate) of the tempo data by the data added to the B input of the calculation circuit 312 also increases. Instructing. In other words, the absolute value output from the subtractor 338 becomes large when the time point of the previous performance is significantly shifted due to a key press error, etc.; By increasing the contribution rate of the data added to the B input, the reference tempo data can be returned to the standard tempo data in a short time. The calculation circuit 312 is the tempo correction contribution rate control circuit 3
The two inputs are processed based on the calculation instructed by 11. Note that at the start of the performance, the tempo data added to the B input of the subtracter 338 is the reference tempo data, so the absolute value output from the subtracter 338 is "0", but the arithmetic circuit 3
Since reference tempo data is added to both of the two inputs of No. 12, the calculated value matches the reference tempo data regardless of the magnitude of the absolute value, that is, regardless of which calculation is performed. Arithmetic circuit 3
The tempo data output from 12 is sent to limiter 3.
16 to latch circuits 313 and 315. Here, the limiter 316 limits the maximum and minimum values of the tempo data output from the arithmetic circuit 312. As described above, the latch circuit 315 latches the tempo data of the reference tempo clock in advance and applies it to the comparator 317. A count value from a counter 318 that counts high-speed clock pulses φ is added to the other input of the comparator 317 as tempo data, and when the two input data match, the comparator 17 sends a signal "1" to the AND circuit 319. Output. Since the AND circuit 319 has the high-speed clock pulse φ applied to the other input, only when the signal “1” is applied from the comparator 317, this clock pulse φ is applied to the load input LD of the latch circuit 315.
It is output to the reset terminal R of the counter 318 and the AND circuit 320. As a result, the latch circuit 315 is connected to the limiter 31.
The counter 318 is reset, counts the high speed clock pulses φ again, and outputs this counted value to the comparator 317. Therefore, the comparator 317 outputs a coincidence signal "1" at a period corresponding to the tempo data applied from the latch circuit 315. AND circuit 320 connects other inputs to OR circuit 32
1 output is added. The OR circuit 321 takes the OR condition of the melody match signal MKEQ and the output of the inverter 322 that inverts the stop command signal MP, and always when the signal MKEQ and the signal MP are as shown in FIG. 5b and FIG. 5d, respectively. Signal “1”
The signal MKEQ and the signal MP are shown in Fig. 4b.
In the case of FIG. 4d, the signal "1" is output except for the time from the rise of the signal MP to the rise of the signal MKEQ. That is, the OR circuit 321 always outputs a signal "1" when the actual performance time _tKON is earlier than the regular performance time _t0 ,
If it is late, the signal "0" is output from the rise of the signal MP (the time when the third tempo clock is output from the normal performance time _t0 ) to the actual performance time _tKON . AND circuit 320 becomes operational when the OR condition of OR circuit 321 is satisfied, and outputs the high-speed clock pulses periodically applied from AND circuit 319 as tempo clock TCL. Mochi theory,
When the OR circuit 321 is outputting the signal "0", generation of the tempo clock TCL is stopped. That is, the output of the OR circuit 321 controls the generation of the tempo clock TCL to be stopped. Here, when a performance corresponding to the first note of the melody is performed and a melody matching signal MKEQ is output, the differentiation circuit 324 differentiates this signal MKEQ,
The latch circuit 31 latches the pulse signal at the rising edge.
3 and 314 load terminal LD. Latch circuit 313 latches tempo data applied from limiter 316, and latch circuit 314 latches corrected tempo data applied from counter 323. Note that the counter 323 is preset with the tempo data of the reference tempo clock, as described above. Therefore, the tempo data latched in latch circuits 313 and 314 are both the tempo data of the reference tempo clock. On the other hand, the melody match signal MKEQ is OR circuit 3
21 to the AND circuit 320, and when the tempo clock TCL is output from the AND circuit 320, the melody data retrieval circuit 100 immediately outputs the melody data read command signal MLU.
The RAM read control circuit 18 outputs a next melody read request signal MNR. This signal MNR is
It is applied to the reset terminal R of the inverter 309 and the counter 323. This allows the signal
MKEQ becomes "0" and counter 323 is reset. In addition, the melody data extraction circuit 10
From 0 onwards, melody note length data ML corresponding to the first note of the melody is output to the variable frequency divider 325. The variable frequency divider 325 generates a high-speed clock pulse φ at a frequency division ratio corresponding to the input melody code length data ML.
The period of the clock frequency-divided and output from the variable frequency divider 325 is proportional to the note length indicated by the input melody note length data ML. For example, the period of the clock that is divided and output based on the note length data ML corresponding to a quarter note is twice the period of the clock that is divided and output based on the note length data ML that corresponds to an eighth note. Become. The clock output from variable frequency divider 325 is applied to clock input CK of counter 323 via AND circuit 326. The output of the NAND circuit 327 is added to the other input of the AND circuit 326. The NAND circuit 327 takes the NAND condition of the count value (binary code) output from the counter 323 to the latch circuit 14, and normally receives a signal "1".
When all the bit outputs of the counter 323 become "1", a signal "0" is outputted to the AND circuit 326 to prevent the AND circuit 326 from outputting a clock. Here, when the performance corresponding to the second note of the melody is performed and the melody match signal MKEQ is output, the latch circuits 313 and 314 actuate this signal.
Latch the tempo data input at the rise of MKEQ. At this time, the tempo data latched by the latch circuit 314 is the count value of the counter 323, and the value becomes a small value when the performance time is earlier than the normal performance time, and a large value when it is later. The tempo data latched by the latch circuit 314 is applied to the B input of the arithmetic circuit 312 as modified tempo data. The arithmetic circuit 312 performs arithmetic processing on two input data based on the arithmetic operation instructed by the tempo correction contribution rate control circuit 311 as described above. FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of the tempo control circuit according to the present invention, in which the tempo control circuit 3 shown in FIG.
Only the parts that are different from 00 are shown. The subtracter 339 has a latch circuit 313 at its B input.
Instead of the tempo data latched by , modified tempo data latched by the latch circuit 314 can be input, and this modified tempo data and the reference tempo data added to the A input from the reference tempo data register 331 are input. and adds the absolute value of the difference to the tempo correction contribution rate control circuit 340. The tempo modification contribution rate control circuit 340 instructs the calculation circuit 341 to perform calculations according to the magnitude of the input absolute value, and controls the tempo data added to the A input of the calculation circuit 341 to be modified to be added to the A and B inputs. Assuming that the tempo data is B, a control signal is output to the calculation circuit 341 to instruct the calculations shown in Table 4 according to the magnitude of the absolute value.

[Table] As is clear from Table 4, contrary to the tempo control circuit 300 shown in FIG. The calculation is instructed to reduce the contribution rate to the tempo data. In other words, the absolute value output from the subtractor 339 will increase if the current performance point is significantly shifted due to a key press error, etc., but in this case, the absolute value output from the subtractor 339 will be larger than the corrected tempo data measured by the current performance. By reducing the contribution rate of , the tempo is prevented from changing significantly. FIG. 9 shows still another embodiment of the tempo control circuit according to the present invention, and only the parts different from the tempo control circuit 300 shown in FIG. 7 are shown. This tempo control circuit has the advantages of both the tempo control circuits shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. figure)
It is equivalent to Each subtractor 342 and 34
The absolute values output from 3 are each subtracted by 34
It is added to the A and B inputs of 4. Subtractor 3
44 subtracts the absolute value applied to the A input from the absolute value applied to the B input, and applies the subtracted value to the tempo correction contribution rate control circuit 345. The tempo modification contribution rate control circuit 345 instructs the calculation circuit 346 to perform calculations according to the magnitude of the input subtraction value, and controls the tempo data added to the A input of the calculation circuit 346 to be modified to be added to the A and B inputs. Assuming that the tempo data is B, a control signal is output to the calculation circuit 346 to instruct the calculation shown in Table 5 according to the magnitude of the subtraction value.

[Table] As is clear from Table 5, when the subtraction value is positive, the calculation is instructed to increase the contribution ratio of the corrected tempo data added to the B input of the calculation circuit 346 to the tempo data, and the subtraction value is If the value is negative, the computation is instructed to reduce the contribution rate of the modified tempo data to the tempo data. In other words, if the tempo is moving away from the standard tempo (negative direction), the tempo is prevented from changing significantly by reducing the contribution rate, and if the tempo is moving closer to the standard tempo, the contribution rate is increased. This allows the tempo to return quickly. In this example, new control tempo data was formed from past control tempo data and current measured tempo data (corrected tempo data).
As in 1955 Patent No. 78784, new control tempo data may be formed based on tempo data measured a plurality of times in the past and tempo data measured this time. In this case, the contribution rate of the currently measured tempo data is controlled by comparing the average of the past measured tempo data with the reference tempo data. Further, when the automatic performance is to be advanced by any key on or one key play instead of the key press matching progression, it is preferable to perform the melody performance by automatic performance. In this case, the melody pitch data MN extracted from the melody data extraction circuit 100
This can be easily realized by delaying the signal 1 by one note and inputting it to the sound generation channel allocation circuit 3. As explained above, according to the present invention, it is possible to control the tempo correction contribution rate to the current tempo data by the corrected tempo data measured according to the deviation between the reference tempo data and the current tempo data, and thereby Even if the performance timing deviates significantly due to a performance error or the like during the performance, the tempo can be quickly returned to the standard tempo. In addition, it is possible to control the tempo correction contribution rate of the corrected tempo data to the current tempo data according to the deviation between the reference tempo data and the measured corrected tempo data, and as a result, even if the performance timing deviates significantly, the tempo The tempo control is not changed significantly, making it possible to achieve extremely effective tempo control, especially for beginners.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an electronic musical instrument to which this invention is applied, FIG. 2 is a data format showing an example of automatic performance data used in this invention, and FIG. 3 is a melody data format according to this invention. A block diagram showing a detailed example of a data retrieval circuit, FIGS. 4 and 5 are timing charts of each signal according to the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a chord diagram according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a detailed example of the obbrigade data retrieval circuit, FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a detailed example of the tempo control circuit according to the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the tempo control circuit according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing the main parts of still another embodiment of the tempo control circuit according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1...Keyboard, 8...Music tone forming circuit, 10...Speaker, 13...Music data input device, 14...Data memory, 15...RAM write control circuit, 16...Address counter, 17...Start switch, 18...
RAM read control circuit, 19...data output circuit, 2
0... Display device, 100... Melody data extraction circuit, 200... Chord/obligado data extraction circuit, 300... Tempo control circuit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A performance operation means, a storage means for storing at least timing information of musical tones to be played by the performance operation means, and a reading means for reading out stored data from the storage means in accordance with the progress of the music piece. , corrected tempo data forming means for forming corrected tempo data from the operation timing of the performance operating means based on the timing information read by the reading means; tempo control means for correcting tempo data to form new tempo data and controlling reading by the reading means based on the new tempo data; reference tempo data generation means for generating reference tempo data; and the reference tempo data. The greater the deviation between the reference tempo data generated from the tempo data generating means and the previous tempo data, the greater the degree of correction of the previous tempo data by the corrected tempo data in the tempo control means. An electronic musical instrument comprising a change control means for controlling changes. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the reference tempo data generating means generates model tempo data recorded in advance in an external recording means as the reference tempo data. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said reference tempo data generation means generates tempo data set by a manual tempo setter as reference tempo data. 4. The reference tempo data generating means measures the average value of a plurality of the corrected tempo data from the start of the performance, and when the currently generated reference tempo data deviates from the measured average value by more than a predetermined value, the average value is measured. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the value is generated as new reference tempo data. 5. performance operation means; storage means for storing at least timing information of musical tones to be played by the performance operation means; reading means for reading out stored data from the storage means in accordance with the progress of the music; corrected tempo data forming means for forming corrected tempo data from the operation timing of the performance operating means based on the timing information read out; tempo control means for forming new tempo data and controlling reading by the reading means based on the new tempo data; reference tempo data generation means for generating reference tempo data; and generation from the reference tempo data generation means. change control means for changing and controlling the degree of correction of the previous tempo data by the corrected tempo data in the tempo control means as the deviation between the reference tempo data and the corrected tempo data increases; An electronic musical instrument equipped with 6. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, wherein the reference tempo data generating means generates model tempo data recorded in advance in an external recording means as the reference tempo data. 7. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, wherein the reference tempo data generation means generates tempo data set by a manual tempo setter as the reference tempo data. 8. The reference tempo data generating means measures the average value of the plurality of corrected tempo data from the start of the performance, and when the currently generated reference tempo data deviates from the measured average value by more than a predetermined value, the average value is 6. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 5, wherein the value is generated as new reference tempo data. 9. performance operation means; storage means for storing at least timing information of musical tones to be played by the performance operation means; reading means for reading out stored data from the storage means in accordance with the progress of the music; tempo correction data forming means for forming corrected tempo data from the operation timing of the performance operation means based on the timing information read out; tempo control means for forming new tempo data and controlling reading by the reading means based on the new tempo data; reference tempo data generation means for generating reference tempo data; and reference tempo data generation means for generating reference tempo data. A first deviation between the standard tempo data and the previous tempo data and a second deviation between the standard tempo data and the corrected tempo data are calculated, and the first deviation is calculated as the second deviation. If the deviation is larger than the second deviation, the degree of correction of the previous tempo data by the corrected tempo data in the tempo control means is controlled to be large, and if the first deviation is smaller than the second deviation, , tempo change control means for controlling the degree of modification of the previous tempo data by the modified tempo data in the tempo control means to a smaller value. 10 The reference tempo data generating means generates model tempo data recorded in advance in an external recording means as the reference tempo data.
Electronic musical instruments listed in section. 11. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 9, wherein said reference tempo data generation means generates tempo data set by a manual tempo setter as reference tempo data. 12. The reference tempo data generation means measures the average value of the plurality of corrected tempo data from the start of the performance, and when the currently generated reference tempo data deviates from the measured average value by more than a predetermined value,
10. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 9, wherein said average value is generated as new reference tempo data.