JPH0631977B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument having an automatic performance function or a key pressing instruction function, and more particularly to controlling the progress of the automatic performance or key pressing instruction according to the key pressing state of the accompaniment keyboard. Regarding electronic musical instruments.

An electronic musical instrument having an automatic performance function or a key depression instruction function is already known. Conventionally, since automatic performance or key depression instruction of this kind of electronic musical instrument progresses to the end at a predetermined speed once it is started, beginners can follow key depression instruction or accompaniment. However, for advanced players, there was a problem that the performance was monotonous and lacked in expressiveness because it always proceeded at a constant speed.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is to further improve the functionality of this type of automatic performance device or key-depression instructing device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a first storage means for storing automatic performance data, and a first storage means for reading automatic performance data from the first storage means at a predetermined tempo. The reading means, the automatic performance sound forming means for forming an automatic performance sound based on the automatic performance data read by the first reading means, the accompaniment keyboard for specifying a chord, and the accompaniment keyboard for specification. Accompaniment sound forming means for forming a chord forming sound to be generated at a predetermined rhythm timing based on the chord, a second storage means for storing the chord data as the music progresses, and chord data from the second storage means. Second to read sequentially
Reading means, comparing means for comparing the chord data read by the second reading means with the chord designated by the accompaniment keyboard, and the first means according to the comparison result of the comparing means. And a control means for controlling the read tempo of the read means.

A second aspect of the present invention is a first storage unit that stores key pressing instruction data, a first reading unit that reads the key pressing instruction data from the first storage unit at a predetermined tempo, and the first invention. A key pressing instruction means for executing a key pressing instruction based on the key pressing instruction data read by the reading means, an accompaniment keyboard for specifying a chord, and a predetermined rhythm based on the chord specified by the accompaniment keyboard. An accompaniment sound forming means for forming a chord forming sound to be sounded at a timing, a second storage means for storing chord data as the music progresses, and a second reading means for sequentially reading the chord data from the second storage means.
Reading means, comparing means for comparing the chord data read by the second reading means with the chord designated by the accompaniment keyboard, and the first means according to the comparison result of the comparing means. And a control means for controlling the read tempo of the read means.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, the function and operation of the electronic musical instrument according to this embodiment will be briefly described.

This electronic musical instrument has a first tone generation system that generates a melody tone corresponding to a key depression operation of a melody tone playing keyboard (hereinafter referred to as a melody day keyboard) and a melody day data read from a melody day memory. A second tone generation system that generates a corresponding melody tone, a third tone generation system that generates a melody tone corresponding to a key depression operation of an accompaniment tone playing keyboard (hereinafter referred to as an accompaniment keyboard), and an accompaniment. A fourth tone generation system for generating an accompaniment tone corresponding to the accompaniment data read from the data memory is provided, and the melody keyboard and the accompaniment keyboard are provided with key depression instruction devices. This key-depression instructing device is equipped with a display lamp attached to each key of the melody day keyboard and accompaniment keyboard, for example. This is to instruct a key corresponding to the melody sound and the accompaniment sound of the music to be played.

On the other hand, the melody day data memory contains melody day note name data indicating the note name of each melody day note and melody day note length data indicating the note length of the melody day note. The length corresponds to the number of reference clock signals called tempo clocks. The accompaniment data memory contains accompaniment chord data indicating the note name of each accompaniment chord and accompaniment note length data indicating the note length of the accompaniment chord, and the note length indicated by this accompaniment note length data also corresponds to the tempo clock. Corresponds to the number.

On the other hand, the accompaniment keyboard has a coincidence determination function for determining whether or not the chord name corresponding to a plurality of keys actually pressed matches the chord name instructed to be depressed, and the key press interval of the accompaniment keyboard. There is a note length comparison function that counts with the above tempo clock, measures the note length of the chord actually pressed, and compares this with the note length of the chord instructed to be pressed. The lever electronic musical instrument controls the key depression instruction and the automatic performance as follows.

That is, if the chord name corresponding to the actually pressed multiple keys does not match the chord name instructed to press the key, or if the key pressing operation is stopped, the progress of the automatic performance and the key pressing instruction is stopped, and Only when the chord name corresponding to the played plural keys matches the chord name for which the key depression instruction has been issued, the automatic performance and the key depression instruction continue. Further, when the chord length of the chord corresponding to the actually pressed plural keys matches the chord length of the chord instructed to be depressed, the progress speed of the automatic performance and the key depression instruction is not changed. , If they do not match, if the key length instructed to press is longer than the key length related to the actual key depression, the automatic performance speed and key depression will be made to follow the performance speed of the actual key depression. On the other hand, the instruction speed increases, and when the instruction speed is short, the automatic performance speed and the key depression speed decrease so as to follow the actual key pressing performance speed.

However, if the automatic performance speed and the key pressing instruction speed are changed in response to the result of the note length comparison obtained for each key pressing, the automatic performance speed and the key pressing instruction speed change very little and are awkward. Therefore, in this embodiment, the key depression key length data obtained at each key depression is sequentially converted into cycle data (hereinafter, referred to as tempo cycle data) corresponding to one tempo of the performance tempo. The tempo cycle data obtained successively are averaged, and the automatic performance speed and the key-depression instructing speed are determined in correspondence with the averaged tempo data.

However, even if the method of averaging is adopted in this way, the values of the averaging output change significantly before and after extremely fast key depression or late key depression. Therefore, in this embodiment, in addition to the above averaging method, data based on whether the difference between the tempo cycle data obtained by key depression and the tempo cycle data after averaging is within a certain allowable range. A discrimination method is adopted. Specifically, when the value of the tempo cycle data obtained by key depression is less than 0.75 times the value of the tempo cycle data after averaging, the effect of the tempo cycle data related to the key depression appears in the averaged output. Only in the meantime, the value of the averaged output is held at the previous value. On the other hand, the value of tempo cycle data obtained by pressing the key is 1.
In the case of 25 times or more, the value of the tempo cycle data relating to the performance is fixed to 1.25 times and the averaging operation is performed.

Next, the configuration of this electronic musical instrument will be described more specifically along with its operation.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a musical score, and a magnetic recording band 2 is formed below the musical score 1. Performance data corresponding to the music displayed on the musical score 1 is encoded in the magnetic recording band 2. Have been remembered. Reference numeral 3 is a data reading device for automatically reading each performance data recorded on the magnetic recording band 2 of the musical score 1 and converting it into an electric signal. This data reading device is attached to a music stand of an electronic musical instrument body, for example. There is. When the musical score 1 is set in the data reading device 3, each of the above-mentioned performance data is output from the data reading device 3 in the form of a 1-bit serial signal TDM in a time division manner. Is supplied to. Next, this serial signal TDM is converted into parallel data for each melody and accompaniment by the S / P converters 410 and 420, and then the melody data memory 5 is operated by the operation of the memory write control circuit 430.
And is written in the accompaniment data memory 6. This data writing operation is step-controlled by the address signal supplied from the memory writing control circuit 430 via the selectors 7 and 8, and after the writing is completed, the selectors 7 and 8 are set to be switched to the input terminal B side, respectively. To be done.

Each data is stored in the melody data memory 5 and the accompaniment data memory 6 in the data format shown in FIGS.

As shown in FIG. 3, each address in the melody data memory 5 has a storage capacity of 8 bits.
The contents of each address described as "KC", "UK LNG", and "FINISH" are configured as follows, as viewed in the figure.

(i) "UK KC"; the identification code indicating that the most significant 2 bits b _1, b ₂ is data relating Merodei pitch name "01" is stored. Third, the fourth bit b _3, b ₄ octave code indicating the octave Field of the Merodei sound is stored. In this octave code, for example, the first to fourth octaves are made to correspond to 2-bit binary codes "00" to "11". The fifth to eighth bit b ₅ ~b ₈ note code indicating the syllable names of the Merodei sound is stored. In this note code, for example, 12 tones of C, C ^# , D ... A ^# , B are associated with 4-bit binary codes "0001" to "1100".

(ii) "UK LNG"; the identification code indicating that the most significant 2 bits b _1, b ₂ is data relating Merodei note length "10" is stored. The third to eighth bits b ₃ to ~b ₈ for example whole note 64
A code length code representing the code length by the count value of the tempo clock TCL corresponding to one-half is stored.

(iii) "FINISH"; The end code "11111111" indicating the end of the tune is stored in the first to eighth bits.

(iv) Other: first, to store the identification code "01" indicating the data relating to the second bit b _1, b ₂ to the sound names of Merodei, all the values of the third to eighth bits "0" If so, it indicates a Melody's rest, followed by the third to third address for the note length.
If caused to store the eighth bit b ₃ ~b ₈ note length codes would indicate the length of the rest.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, each address in the accompaniment data memory 6 has a storage capacity of 8 bits.
The contents of each address described as "RD NAME" and "CHORD LNG" are configured as follows as seen from the arrow in the figure.

(i) “CHORD NAME”; the upper two bits b ₁ and b ₂ store an identification code “01” indicating that the data is related to the accompaniment chord name. A type code indicating the type of accompaniment chord (for example, Major, Minor, 7th, Minor 7th) is stored in the third and fourth bits b ₃ and b ₄ . In the illustrated example, Major "00", Minor "01, 7th" 1 "
There is a relationship of "0", Minor 7th "11". _5th to 8th bits b ₅ to
The root note code indicating the root note of the above chord is stored in b ₈ . In this example, the 12 roots of C, C ^# , and B correspond to the four-bit binary codes “0000” to “1011”.

(ii) "CHORD NAME"; the identification code indicating that the most significant 2 bits b _1, b ₂ is data on accompaniment chord name "10" is stored. Note length code representing the note length at a count of Tenpokurotsuku TCL corresponding to 1/64 of the whole note is stored in the third to eighth bits b ₃ ~b _8.

Next, the manner in which various key-depression instructing operations and various automatic accompaniment operations are performed based on the respective data read from the melody data memory 5 and the accompaniment data memory 6 described above will be described.

When the performance start switch SW ₁ is momentarily pressed, the differentiation circuit 9
Outputs a "1" pulse having one cycle width of the clock φ in response to the rising of the output of the switch SW ₁ . The output of the differentiating circuit 9 is hereinafter referred to as a performance start signal ΔSTART. The performance start signal ΔSTART is delayed by two cycles of the clock φ via the two-stage shift register 10. The output of the two-stage shift register 10 is hereinafter referred to as a preceding display performance start signal ΔSTART '. The RS flip-flop (hereinafter referred to as RSFF) 11 is set at the rising edge of the "1" pulse of the performance start signal ΔSTRAT, and the performance end signal FI output from the identification code detection circuit 12 is set.
It is reset in response to the rise of NISH from "0" to "1". The output of this RSFF11 is hereinafter referred to as a playing signal PLAY.

Therefore, when the performance start switch SW ₁ is pressed, the address counters 13 and 14 are set to "1" in the performance start signal ΔSTART.
It is reset by a pulse, and the stored contents of the head address are read from the melody data 5 and the accompaniment data memory 6 onto the output data 15 and 16.

The melody day note name detection signal UKC, the melody day note length detection signal ULG, and the end-of-track detection signal FINISH output from the identification code detection circuit 12 are in the period when each identification code is read in the upper two bits of the output data bus 15. 1 ", and the accompaniment chord name detection signal CHN and the accompaniment note length detection signal CHL output from the identification code detection circuit 17 are" 1 "during the period when each identification code is read in the upper 2 bits of the output data bus 16. "It becomes.

Therefore, in response to the “1” pulse of the signal ΔSTART, the memory contents of the head address from each of the memories 5 and 6 are UK KC, CHOR.
When DNAME (see FIGS. 3 and 4) is read, the lower 6 bits of these data are in response to the rising of the signal UKC and the signal CHN from "0" to "1" and the latch circuit 1
8 and 19 respectively.

Next, from the melody data memory 5 and the accompaniment data memory 6, the contents stored at the second address are UK LNG, CHO.
RD LNG (see FIGS. 3 and 4) is read out with a delay of one cycle of clock φ. This is the identification code detection circuit 1
The signal ULG “0” output from 2 is the inverter 20,
The AND gate 22 is opened through the OR gate 21, and the signal C output from the identification code detection circuit 17 is output.
HN "0" is performed by opening the AND gate 25 through the inverter 23 and the OR gate 24. The UK LNG and CHORD LNG read from the second addresses of the memories 5 and 6 rise from the signal ULG from “0” to “1” and the signal CHL from “0” to “1”.
To the latch circuits 26 and 27 in response to the rising edge of the latch circuit.

Next, from the melody data memory 5 and the accompaniment data memory 6, the content stored at the third address is UK KC, CHOR.
D NAME (see FIGS. 3 and 4) is read with a delay of one cycle of clock φ. This is because the "1" pulse of the signal ΔSTART 'is passed through the OR gate 21 and the AND gate 2
2 is "open", and the "1" pulse of signal ΔSTART 'is O
This is done by opening the AND gate 25 through the R gate 24. The UK KC, CHORD NAME read from the third address of each of the memories 5 and 6 is sent to the latch circuits 18 and 19 in response to the rise of the signal UKC or the signal CHN from "0" to "1". The first address UK KC, CHORD NAME that has been latched and is latched by the latch circuits 18 and 19 at the same time is the latch circuits 28 and 2.
Shifted to 9 respectively.

Next, from the melody data memory 5 and the accompaniment data memory 6, the contents stored at the fourth address are UK LNG, CHO.
RD LNG (see FIGS. 3 and 4) is read out with a delay of one cycle of clock φ. This is because the signal ULG “0” output from the identification code detection circuit 12 is transferred to the AND gate 22 via the inverter 20 and the OR gate 21 as described above.
Is "open", and the signal CHN "0" output from the identification code detection circuit 17 is the inverter 23 and the OR gate 24.
This is done by opening the AND gate 25 through the. The UK LNG and CHORD LNG read from the fourth address of each memory 5 and 6 are “0” of the signal ULG.
Latch circuit 26, in response to the rising of the signal CHL from "0" to "1", respectively.
The second address of the UK that was latched to 27 and at the same time was latched to the latch circuits 26 and 27.
LNG and CHORD LNG are shifted to the latch circuits 30 and 31.

As described above, the operation of sequentially reading the stored contents of the first to fourth addresses from the memories 5 and 6 is controlled by the signals ΔSTART and ΔSTART ′.

On the other hand, the operation of reading the stored contents after the fifth address from the melody data memory 5 is controlled by the output signal EQ of the coincidence determination circuit 32. That is, the memory is stored every time the code length data UK LNG is latched in the latch circuit 30 and the time length (based on one cycle of the tempo clock TCL) indicated by the latched code length data UK LNG elapses. A new UKKC and a subsequent UK LNG are read from 5 and latched by the latch circuits 18 and 26 in the same manner as described above. this is,
The counter 33 is configured to be reset at each falling edge of the signal EQ supplied through the OR gate 34, and when the counter 33 counts the tempo clock TCL by the number indicated by the output of the latch circuit 30, it is determined that there is coincidence. The output EQ of the circuit 32 is "1", and this output EQ
“1” is A through the AND gate 35 and the OR gate 21
This is done by opening the ND gate 22.

Further, the operation of reading the storage contents after the fifth address from the accompaniment data memory 6 is controlled by the update command signal NEXT output from the tempo signal generation circuit 36. That is, some kind of code length data CHORD LN is input to the latch circuit 31.
The code length data C that has been latched since G was latched
Time length indicated by HORD LNG (1 of tempo clock TCL
Based on the cycle. ), The update command signal NEXT output from the tempo signal generation circuit 36 becomes "1", and this signal NEXT "1" causes the AND gate 37 and the OR gate 24 to open the AND gate 25. To do.

As described above, except for the minute period immediately after the start of the performance, the note name data UK KC and the note length data UK LNG corresponding to the melody sounds to be played in sequence are determined by each note length data UK LNG from the melody day memory 5. Output data bus 1 sequentially at different time intervals
5 is read. The note name data UK KC is sequentially shifted with the latch circuits 18 and 28, and note length data UK
The LNG is sequentially shifted with the latch circuits 26 and 30. Similarly, from the accompaniment data memory 6, chord name data CHORD NAME and note length data CHORD LNG corresponding to accompaniment chords to be played sequentially are sequentially output at time intervals determined by the note length data CHORD LNG. It is read on the bus 16. And the chord name data CHORD NAME is the latch circuit 1
9 and 29 are sequentially shifted and code length data CHORD LNG
Are sequentially shifted with the latch circuits 27 and 31.

Next, the output of the latch circuit 18 is supplied to the melody day key indicator 40 attached to the melody day keyboard 39 via the decoder 38, whereby the key depression instruction operation in the melody day keyboard is performed. Incidentally, Merodei key indicator 40 displays switch SW ₂ is turned on, a and signal PLAY allows display operation only on the state of "1". The output of the latch circuit 28 is supplied to a melody sound forming circuit 42 for automatic performance via a decoder 41, whereby a melody sound signal for automatic performance is formed. The melody sound forming circuit 42 can perform the melody sound forming operation only when the melody switch SW ₃ is on and the signal PLAY is "1". Then, the output of the melody sound forming circuit 42 is amplified by the main amplifier 43 and then converted into electricity / acoustic sound by the speaker 44, so that the melody sound is automatically generated. Further, since the melody sound forming circuit 42 is driven by the output of the latch circuit 28, the melody key indicator 40 is driven by the output of the latch circuit 18, so that the key depression instruction operation in the melody keyboard 39 is always performed by the melody key. It will be preceded by one melody day for the automatic performance of the sound.

Further, the output of the latch circuit 19 is supplied via the chord data converter 45 to the accompaniment key display 47 attached to the accompaniment keyboard 46, whereby the key depression instruction operation on the accompaniment keyboard is performed.

In this case, the chord data converter 45 is configured to generate data corresponding to each constituent note of the chord based on the type code indicating the type of the chord latched in the latch circuit 19 and the root note code of the chord. ing. For example, if the type code is "medium" and the root note code is "C", the data of the constituent sounds "C", "E", and "G" of the C media are supplied to the accompaniment key display 47.

Also, in order to play the accompaniment sound with a so-called single finger, by providing a switching switch (not shown), only the root key is pressed in the case of media, and plural keys are pressed in other cases, and the root key is used as the lowest key. The chord data converter 45, the manual performance accompaniment tone forming circuit 55, and the chord detection circuit 56 may be configured so that the type of chord can be selected with another black and white key. Note that the chord selection means of the single finger is not limited to this, and the type of chord may be designated by the number of keys of the accompaniment key, and the root note may be designated by the lowest key among them. The root note may be specified on the keyboard, and the chord type may be specified on the pedal keyboard or another switch. Incidentally, accompaniment indicator 47 displays switch SW ₄ is turned on, a and signal PLAY allows limited connexion display operation to the state of "1". The output of the latch circuit 29 is supplied to the accompaniment sound forming circuit 49 for automatic performance through the chord data converter 48, and is used for forming the accompaniment sound for automatic performance. The accompaniment sound forming circuit 49
The accompaniment sound forming operation can be performed only when the accompaniment switch SW ₅ is on and the signal PLAY is “1”. In addition, the accompaniment sound formation circuit 49 for automatic performance has a distributed chord switch SW ₆
Various rhythm timing signals are supplied from a rhythm pattern generator 51 through a gate circuit 50 which is controlled to open and close depending on whether the switch is on or off. Therefore, switch S
When some kind of chord data CHORD NAME is latched in the latch circuit 29 while W ₅ and SW ₆ are on, the musical tone signals corresponding to the constituent sounds of the chord are kept constant from the automatic performance accompaniment tone forming circuit 49. It is output with the order and the rhythm timing, and is sounded from the speaker 44 via the main amplifier 43.

On the other hand, when a key depression operation is performed on the Melody Day keyboard 39,
The depressed key is detected by the melody key switch circuit 52, and a tone signal corresponding to the depressed key is output from the melody sound forming circuit 53 for manual performance, and is sounded from the speaker 44 via the main amplifier 43.

On the other hand, on the accompaniment keyboard 46, keys corresponding to the respective constituent sounds of some chord are simultaneously pressed, and the distributed chord switch SW.
_{If 6} is in the ON state, the musical tone signals corresponding to the above-mentioned respective constituent sounds are outputted from the accompaniment sound forming circuit 55 for the manual performance in response to the respective constituent sound name signals outputted from the accompaniment key switch circuit 54. Are output with a fixed order and rhythm timing, and a speaker 44 is output via the main amplifier 43.
Will be pronounced from.

Each constituent note name signal output from the accompaniment key switch circuit 54 is converted into a chord name signal CHORDNAME * corresponding to the constituent note name signal through a chord detection circuit 56 and then supplied to the tempo signal generation circuit 36. And OR
The key depression signal AKO detected through the gate 57 is also supplied to the tempo signal generation circuit 36.

Further, various rhythm sound signals are output from the rhythm sound source circuit 58 in synchronization with the rhythm timing signal output from the rhythm pattern generator 51, and these signals are also output from the speaker via the main amplifier 43 in the same manner as the above-mentioned tone signals. It will be pronounced from 44.

Thus, when the performance start switch SW ₁ is turned on with all the switches SW _{2 to} SW ₆ turned on, the speaker 44
As shown in FIG. 5, a melody day sound and an accompaniment sound corresponding to the tune are automatically generated, and at the same time, the melody day keyboard 3
In FIG. 9, the keys corresponding to the melody sounds to be depressed are always instructed to be pressed by one melody note before the automatic performance of the melody note as shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the keys corresponding to the respective constituent tones of the chords to be depressed are always instructed to be depressed by one chord before the automatic performance of the accompaniment tones. Therefore, while listening to the automatic performance of these melody sounds and accompaniment sounds, the melody day keyboard 39 and the accompaniment keyboard 4 according to the key depression instruction of each keyboard.
If 6 is pressed, even a beginner can practice practicing two-handed playing with relative ease. Further, depending on the degree of skill, switches SW ₂ and SW ₄ are turned off and no key depression instruction is given. Or, by turning off the switches SW ₃ and SW ₅ to stop the automatic performance, it is possible to practice the two-handed performance more effectively and master the two-handed performance in a relatively short time.

In particular, in this embodiment, the melody keyboard 39 and the accompaniment keyboard 4 are selected in accordance with the depressed state of the accompaniment keyboard 46.
It is possible to stop, accelerate or decelerate the key depression instruction in 6, and also to stop, accelerate or decelerate the automatic performance of melody and accompaniment sounds.
If you use this, you can slow down the progress speed of key depression instruction according to beginners, or speed up or slow down the key depression timing of the accompaniment keyboard in the middle of a song. You can enable playing. The speed of the key depression instruction or the speed of the automatic performance is determined according to the cycle of the tempo clock TCL output from the tempo signal generation circuit 36, and the progress of the key depression instruction or the stop of the automatic performance is stopped. Is an update command signal NEXT output from the tempo signal generation circuit 36
Controlled by.

Next, details of the tempo signal generation circuit 36 will be described with reference to FIG.

First, when the performance start switch SW ₁ is turned on, a signal is sent.
When PLAY becomes "1", the AND gate 59 becomes "open", and the 3-count counter 60 is reset to "0" by the "1" pulse of the signal ΔSTART, and the selector 61 is opened.
Is switched to the B side, whereby the output of the manual tempo oscillator 62 is output as the tempo clock TCL from the AND gate 59. In response to this tempo clock TCL, the count value of the counter 63 increases, and in the period when this count value is less than the value of the chord note length data CHORD LNG latched by the latch circuit 31 (see FIG. 1), the comparison circuit 6
The A <B output of 4 becomes “1”, and when the same count value matches the code length data CHORD LNG, the A = B output becomes “1”.

On the other hand, the chord name data CHORD NAME latched in the latch circuit 19 (see FIG. 1) and the chord name data corresponding to the actual key depression output from the chord detection circuit 56 (see FIG. 1).
If the CHORD NAME * matches, the A of the comparison circuit 65
The output of = B is "1", the output of the AND gate 66 is also "1", and when the content of the chord name data CHORD NAME is a rest, the output of the rest detection circuit 67 is "1". Therefore, the output of the AND gate 68 also becomes "1". Therefore, in response to the output of the OR gate 69, the "1" pulse is output from the differentiating circuit 70 in response to the timing of the key depression only when the accurate key depression is performed on the accompaniment keyboard 46. .

Since the AND gate 71 receives the A = B output of the comparison circuit 64 and is controlled to open / close, the AND gate 71 becomes “open” after the count value of the counter 63 matches the code length data CHORD LNG. This is because when the count value of the counter 63 matches the code length data CHORD LNG, the AND gate 59 is closed by the A <B output “0” of the comparison circuit 64. Therefore, when the output of the AND gate 71 coincides with the actual key depression timing (hereinafter, referred to as timing coincident key depression) and when the actual key depression timing is later than the key depression timing ( Hereinafter, this will be referred to as a case of delayed key depression), and a "1" pulse is generated in response to these key depression timings.

One input of the AND gate 72 has A = of the comparison circuit 64.
B output is supplied, and the other input is DFF7
Q of RSFF74 delayed by one cycle of clock φ at 3
Output is being supplied. Since the Q output of the RSFF 74 is "1" only during the period from the actual key depression timing to the key depression timing, the AND gate 72 outputs the actual key depression timing earlier than the key depression timing. Only in the case (hereinafter, referred to as the case of quick key depression), the pulse becomes "1" in response to the rising of the A = B output of the comparison circuit 64. Here, as will be described later, when there is a fast key press, the tempo clock TCL becomes a high speed clock during the period corresponding to the remaining length of the note, so the counter 63 is fed at a high speed,
Therefore, in the case of quick key depression, the output of the OR gate 75 is "1" having one cycle width of the clock .phi.
It becomes a pulse. The output of the OR gate 75 is used as the reset signal of the counter 77, and
In addition to being used as a reset signal of the counter 63 via the gate 76, it is also supplied to the AND gate 37 (see FIG. 1) as the update command signal NEXT. Therefore, the counters 63 and 77 are reset each time an actual key is pressed, and new chord name data CHORD NAME and chord note length data CHORD LNG are stored in the accompaniment data memory 6 each time an actual key is pressed.
Is read.

To the clock input KC of the counter 77, set the clock φ to 2
The frequency is divided by the stage switching variable frequency divider 78, and then the output φ _HL
Is further divided by a variable frequency dividing circuit 79 to obtain a clock φ
_LNG is being supplied. Two-stage switching variable frequency divider 78 is RSF
When the Q output of F80 is "1", it operates as a 1/12 frequency divider, and when it is "0", it operates as a 1/16 frequency divider. In response, the “1” output from the AND gate 81 becomes “1”, and the A = B output of the comparison circuit 64 becomes “0”. Therefore, the clock φ _HL output from the two-stage switching variable frequency dividing circuit 78 is the clock φ divided by 1/16 in the case of timing coincident key depression and delayed key depression. In the case of quick key press, the clock φ is divided by 1/12 to obtain a high-speed clock.

The division ratio (1 / N) of the variable frequency dividing circuit 79 is determined by the code length data CHORD LNG latched by the latch circuit 31 (see FIG. 1), and the value of N is the value of the code length data CHORD LNG. Increase or decrease accordingly. Therefore, if the frequency of the clock φ _HL input to the variable frequency dividing circuit 79 is constant, each code length data CHORD
The number of clock pulses generated in the clock φ _LNG during the time length corresponding to the LNG is always constant.

The count value of the counter 77 responds to the "1" pulse output from the differentiating circuit 70 during the keystroke trip, and the latch circuits 82 and 83.
Then, the arithmetic circuit 84 outputs data corresponding to the average value of the latched data to the latch circuits 82 and 83. This average value data is increased by 1.25 times by the arithmetic circuit 85, and then the comparison circuit 86.
Is compared with the count value of the counter 77 at
After being reduced to 0.75 times by the arithmetic circuit 87, it is similarly compared with the count value of the counter 77 in the comparison circuit 88. Then, when the count value of the counter 77 reaches a value 1.25 times the output of the arithmetic circuit 84, the counter 77 stops the counting operation, and when the "1" pulse arrives during the output of the differentiating circuit 70, the counter 77 The count value is the arithmetic circuit 84
When the output is less than 0.75 times, the output of the AND gate 89 is "1", the Q output of the RSFF 90 is set to "1", and then the counter 91 counts three "1" pulses output from the differentiating circuit 70. During the period, the Q output of RSFF90 is held at "1". For this reason, the selector 92 is switched to the A side by the Q output “1” of the RSFF 90, and the selector 92 holds the output data of the latch circuit 93 during the period for counting three “1” pulses. to continue. Also, the counter 9
4 counts the clock φ _HL output from the two-stage switching variable frequency dividing circuit 78, and every time the count value matches the output of the latch circuit 93, the A = B output of the comparison circuit 95 becomes a “1” pulse, This A = B output becomes the tempo clock TCL in the steady state.

Thus, the period from the beginning of the song until the third chord is accurately pressed on the accompaniment keyboard 46 (that is, the period until the required data is sequentially latched by the latch circuits 82, 83, 93) is the counter 60. Selector 6 according to the output “0” of
Since 1 is switched to the B side, the output of the manual tempo oscillator 62 is output as the tempo clock TCL from the AND gate 59, while the output of the counter 60 is set to "1" after the lapse of the above period. Therefore, since the selector 61 is switched and set to the A side, the AND gate 59
From the output of A = B of the comparison circuit 95 is the tempo clock TC.
It is output as L.

On the other hand, is supplied with the clock phi _LNG having a period proportional to the sum note length data CHORD LNG at that time to the clock input CK of the counter 77 as described above, also the counter 77 for reading the sum note length data CHORD LNG Since it is reset by the "1" pulse in the update command signal NEXT of
Unless extremely early key depression or late key depression is performed, the count value of the counter 77 at each actual key depression timing is the playing tempo. The value corresponds to one tempo cycle (1 minute / X) when converted to. Therefore, if each chord is pressed with an accurate note length, the latch circuit 82 is latched with the same numerical data each time the key is depressed, and "1" is output in the A = B output of the comparison circuit 95. The pulse output cycle is constant, and the tempo clock TCL cycle is also constant.

On the other hand, in the case of the delayed key depression, the data in the latch circuit 82 increases in accordance with the degree of the delayed key depression. Data for 82 are reduced. Therefore, the cycle in which the "1" pulse is output during the A = B output of the comparison circuit 95 is extended according to the degree of the delayed key depression in the case of delayed key depression, whereas In the case of a key, it is shortened according to the degree of a fast key press, that is, the cycle of the tempo clock TCL is extended in the case of a slow key press and shortened in the case of a fast key press.

Also, if an extremely delayed key press is performed that suddenly slows down the playing tempo by 1.25 times or more, the counter 77
In response to the A = B output "1" of the comparison circuit 86, the count value of is fixed to a value corresponding to 1.25 times the performance tempo at that time, so the latch circuit 82 latches this 1.25 times the data. It Therefore, even if such an extremely delayed key press is made, the extension of the cycle of the tempo clock TCL is necessarily limited to 1.25 times or less.

In addition, if an extremely fast key press is performed that rapidly increases the performance tempo up to that point by 0.75 times or more, the selector 9
2 is switched to the A side, and the latch circuit 93 continues to retain the data up to that point. Therefore, if such an extremely delayed key press is made, the tempo clock TCL
The cycle is not shortened at all.

In this way, the tempo signal generating circuit 36 outputs the accompaniment keyboard 4
The "1" pulse of the update command signal NEXT is output every time the key is pressed accurately in 6, and the cycle of the tempo clock TCL is changed to the key pressed state depending on the case of the fast key pressing, the slow key pressing and the timing coincident key pressing. Therefore, the progress of the automatic performance or the key depression instruction regarding the melody and the accompaniment is controlled according to the key depression state on the accompaniment keyboard 46.

As is apparent from the above description, the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention compares the automatic performance state or the key depression instruction state in the automatic accompaniment device or the key depression instruction device with the manual performance state in the accompaniment keyboard, and responds to the comparison result. It is designed to control the progress of automatic performance or key-pressing instructions, so that the functionality of this kind of automatic playing device or key-pressing device can be further improved and widely used by all performers from beginners to advanced players. It can be done.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing details of a tempo signal generating circuit, and FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a data format in a merody data memory. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a data format in the accompaniment data memory, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the musical score and the displayed melody, the displayed chord, and the automatic pronunciation. 42: Automatic playing melody sound forming circuit 46: Accompaniment keyboard 47: Accompaniment keyboard indicator 49: Automatic playing accompaniment sound forming circuit 51 ... Rhythm pattern generator 58 ... Rhythm sound source 64 ... Comparison circuit 65 ... … Comparison circuit

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A first storage means for storing automatic performance data, a first reading means for reading the automatic performance data from the first storage means at a predetermined tempo, and a first reading means for reading the automatic performance data. An automatic performance sound forming means for forming an automatic performance sound based on the issued automatic performance data, an accompaniment keyboard for specifying a chord, and a predetermined rhythm timing based on the chord specified by the accompaniment keyboard. An accompaniment sound forming means for forming a chord forming sound, a second storage means for storing the chord data in accordance with the progression of the music, and a second reading means for sequentially reading the chord data from the second storage means.
Reading means, comparing means for comparing the chord data read by the second reading means with the chord designated by the accompaniment keyboard, and the first means according to the comparison result of the comparing means. An electronic musical instrument, comprising: a control unit that controls the read tempo of the read unit. 2. A first storage means for storing key pressing instruction data, a first reading means for reading the key pressing instruction data from the first storage means at a predetermined tempo, and the first reading means. A key-depression instruction means for executing a key-depression instruction based on the read key-depression instruction data, an accompaniment keyboard for specifying a chord, and a sound with a predetermined rhythm timing based on the chord specified by the accompaniment keyboard. An accompaniment sound forming means for forming a chord forming sound, a second storage means for storing the chord data as the music progresses, and a second reading means for sequentially reading the chord data from the second storage means.
Reading means, comparing means for comparing the chord data read by the second reading means with the chord designated by the accompaniment keyboard, and the first means according to the comparison result of the comparing means. An electronic musical instrument, comprising: a control unit that controls the read tempo of the read unit.