JPH0436388B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a key press display device used for performance training in electronic musical instruments having a keyboard, and in particular, it is capable of displaying key presses for songs with a wide range of sounds even in electronic musical instruments having a keyboard with a small number of keys. The present invention relates to a key press display device for an electronic musical instrument. This type of key press display device has a one-to-one display for each key on the keyboard.
The same number of light-emitting elements (light-emitting diodes, lamps, etc.) as the keys are arranged in correspondence with the keys, and the light-emitting elements corresponding to the keys to be pressed are sequentially turned on, making it useful for musical performance lessons and the like. In this case, the key press display device stores the musical score data (a collection of pitch data, etc.) of the musical piece to be played in advance, and reads out each pitch data in this musical musical score data in the order of progression of the musical piece. The light emitting element of the key corresponding to the pitch data is lit. By the way, such key press display devices generally have a small number of keys (i.e., the keyboard has a narrow range).
It is often installed on small electronic musical instruments. For this reason, there has been a problem in that for songs that have a range wider than the range of the keyboard, there are parts where it is impossible to display the key presses. Furthermore, in electronic musical instruments equipped with transposition means, even if the music has a narrow range, the above problem is even more pronounced because the range may extend outside the range of the keyboard due to transposition. It was hot. This invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and its purpose is to display a key press display that can display appropriate key presses even for songs whose range extends outside the range of the keyboard. The goal is to provide equipment. The feature of this invention is to determine whether or not the pitch indicated by the pitch data read from the musical score data memory is outside the range of the keyboard, and if it is outside the range, the pitch indicated by the same pitch data is The octave indicated by the pitch data is shifted by a predetermined octave to display the pressed key, and the octave indicated by the key data of the depressed key is reversed by the shifted amount so that the pitch data is within the keyboard range. The key data is shifted to key data corresponding to the original pitch data, and musical tones are formed using the converted key data. Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of essential parts of an electronic organ (electronic musical instrument) to which a first embodiment of the present invention is applied. First, the outline of the electronic organ shown in this figure will be explained. In the electronic organ shown in this figure, musical score data of a piece of music to be displayed by key presses is first stored in a musical score data memory 1 in advance. In this case, this score data is such that each note in the melody part and chord part of the song is composed of pitch data (data consisting of a combination of a note name code and an octave code) and note length data. This is expressed as musical note data consisting of a combination of . Next, in this electronic organ, when key press display is commanded, the pitch data of each note data is read out from the score data memory 1 in the order of progression of the music, and each white key 3 on the press key 2 is read out from the musical score data memory 1. , 3, . . . and light emitting elements (light emitting diodes, lamps, etc.) provided in one-to-one correspondence to each black key 4, 4, . . . The keys to be pressed are lit in sequence, and a key press instruction is issued. When the performer presses the corresponding key of the pressed keys 2 in accordance with this, a musical tone with a pitch corresponding to the pressed key is formed in the musical tone forming circuit 6,
Sound is emitted from the speaker 7. The details of each part of this electronic organ will be explained below. In FIG.
is a circuit that reads musical score data (musical score data printed as a barcode, or perforated musical score data, etc.) recorded on a magnetic tape attached to a musical score (not shown). The musical score data thus created is stored in the musical score data memory 1. The musical score data memory 1 is composed of, for example, a RAM, and has a capacity to store musical score data for at least one song. Next, the data reading circuit (pitch data reading means) 9 is a circuit that reads out the musical score data memory 1, and is configured as follows. That is, this data reading circuit 9 starts operating when the start switch 10 is closed and a "1" signal is supplied to the enable terminal E. First, the data readout circuit 9 starts operating when the start switch 10 is closed and a "1" signal is supplied to the enable terminal E. Specify to read the note data at the same starting address. Next, convert the pitch data of this note data into pitch data.
While outputting as KCA, the note length indicated by the note length data of the same note data is measured using the tempo clock TCLK. Next, when this note length has elapsed, the address signal ADD is changed to read out the note data at the next address in the score data memory 1.
Do the same thing as above again. Therefore, the data reading circuit 9 sequentially outputs pitch data of each note data stored in the musical score data memory 1 as pitch data KCA in the order of progression of the music piece. On the other hand, the transposition switch 11 is a switch for setting the amount of transposition (for example, raising the semitone interval, lowering the semitone interval, etc.) for the music to be played.
Generates data (transposition data) TC corresponding to the transposition amount set by . The transposition control circuit (transposition means) 13 adds the pitch data KCA and the transposition data TC to form and output pitch data KCB corresponding to the transposed pitch. This pitch data KCB is supplied to a musical tone forming circuit (musical tone forming means) 6, and the pitch data KCB corresponding to the melody part is sent to a key range discriminating circuit (key range discriminating means) 14 and an octave shift. and a circuit (first octave control means) 15, respectively. The key range discrimination circuit 14 is configured as follows. In other words, the pitch corresponding to the pitch data KCB is 2 octaves below the highest octave of the keyboard 2 range.
When belonging to a higher octave, signal UP ₂
(“1” signal) is output. Also, pitch data
When the pitch of KCB belongs to an octave that is one octave higher than the highest octave, the signal is UP ₁ .
(“1” signal) is output. Also, pitch data
When the pitch of KCB belongs to an octave that is two octaves lower than the lowest octave of the keyboard 2 range, the signal is
DW ₂ (“1” signal), when it belongs to an octave that is one octave lower than the same lowest octave, the signal DW ₁ (“1”
signals), respectively. When the signal UP ₂ is supplied to the control terminal D ₂ , the octave shift circuit 15 shifts the octave of the pitch data KCB by two octaves lower and outputs it, and outputs it to the control terminal D ₁ .
When the signal UP ₁ is supplied to the pitch data KCB
When the signal DW ₁ is supplied to the control terminal U ₁ , the octave of pitch data KCB is shifted one octave higher and output, and the octave of the pitch data KCB is shifted one octave higher and outputted.
When the signal DW ₂ is supplied to U ₂ , the pitch data is
The octave of KCB is shifted two octaves higher and output, and the control terminals U ₂ , U ₁ , D ₁ ,
If a "1" signal is not supplied to any of _D2 , pitch data KCB is output as is. Pitch data output from this octave shift circuit 15
KCB' (that is, pitch data KCB whose octave is controlled) is supplied to the key display control circuit 16. This key display control circuit 16 includes light emitting elements 5,
5,... (key press display means), only those corresponding to the pitch data KCB' are turned on. The key switch circuit 17 connects each white key 3, 3, . . .
and key switches provided in one-to-one correspondence to each black key 4, 4, . . . , and a circuit that encodes and outputs the output of these key switches. Outputs the code (combination code of the note name code of the pressed key and the octave to which the pressed key belongs) KC.
This key code KC is supplied to an octave shift circuit (second octave control means) 18.
This octave shift circuit 18 is a circuit configured similarly to the octave shift circuit 15, and connects the input key code KC to control terminals D ₂ , D ₁ ,
The signal is shifted by an octave according to the state of the signals supplied to U ₁ and U ₂ and output. However, the control terminals D ₂ , D ₁ , U ₁ ,
U ₂ contains the output signal of the key range discrimination circuit 16,
The signals are supplied in the order of DW ₂ , DW ₁ , UP ₁ and UP ₂ (that is, in an inverse relationship to that in the octave shift circuit 15). Therefore, this octave shift circuit 18
The octave shift of the key code KC performed in is opposite to the octave shift of the pitch data KCB performed in the octave shift circuit 15. The key code KC' (that is, the key code KC whose octave is controlled) output from this octave shift circuit 18 is
The signal is supplied to the musical tone forming circuit 6. When the melody cancel switch 19 is closed and a "1" signal is supplied to the terminal MC, the musical tone forming circuit 6 generates a musical tone signal corresponding to the key code KC',
A musical tone signal corresponding to the pitch data belonging to the chord part of the pitch data KCB is formed and outputted, and on the other hand, the melody cancel switch 19 is opened and a "1" signal is supplied to the terminal MC. If not, musical tone signals corresponding to all pitch data of the pitch data KCB are formed and outputted. The musical tone output from the musical tone forming circuit 6 is amplified by the amplifier 20, and the speaker 7 is driven by the amplified output. Thus, according to this embodiment, if musical score data is stored in the musical score data memory 1 in advance and the start switch 10 is closed, the pitch data KCA is read out from the musical score data memory 1 in the order of progression of the music.
This pitch data KCA is transposed according to the set transposition amount and converted into pitch data KCB. Then, for pitch data KCB whose pitch is outside the range of the keyboard 2, the pitch data KCB' is changed by shifting the octave so that the same pitch falls within this range. is created, and according to this pitch data KCB', light emitting elements 5, 5,...
is lit. On the other hand, the light emitting elements 5, 5, . . .
When you operate keyboard 2 in response to the lighting, a key code KC corresponding to the pressed key is generated, and this key code KC has its octave shifted in the opposite direction by the amount shifted to display the pressed key. The key code KC' is converted into a key code KC', and a musical tone is generated according to this key code KC'. Therefore, according to this embodiment, for pitch data outside the range of the keyboard 2,
By shifting the octave as much as necessary, the key press display will be displayed, and when the displayed key is pressed, the octave will be shifted in the opposite direction and the key code will be converted to the original key code outside the range. As a result, musical tones of this original pitch can be emitted. By the way, in the first embodiment, only for keys corresponding to pitches outside the range of the keyboard,
Since the octave shift is performed, the key press position changes significantly before and after such a key, and the key press operation may become unnatural. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the octave shift for displaying key presses should be done for the entire song as much as possible, and if this is not possible, the octave shift for indicating key presses should be done for the entire song. It is conceivable to perform an octave shift only for a specific section (for example, a two-measure section) that includes the key presses so that no unnaturalness occurs in key press operations. FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention, which is designed to prevent unnaturalness from occurring in key pressing operations as described above. First, to explain the outline of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in this embodiment, immediately before the actual performance starts, a search signal SRC is output, and based on this signal, the search signal All high data is read out within a short time. Then, from among these pitch data, a value indicating the octave of the highest note (the note with the highest pitch) and a value indicating the octave of the lowest note (the note with the lowest pitch) throughout the entire song are determined. The highest octave memory 21 and the lowest octave memory 22 each store the octave value of the highest note or the lowest note of those outside the range of the keyboard 2 for every two measures of this song. Extra-regional octave memory 23
is memorized. Next, it is determined whether the range of this song is narrower or wider than the range of keyboard 2 from the highest and lowest notes throughout the song, and if it is determined that it is narrow, the range of keyboard 2 is
(When a note with a pitch outside the musical range is included) The octave shift is performed for the entire song, and if it is determined that the music is wide, the optimal octave shift is performed every two measures. The details of each part of this second embodiment will be explained below. In FIG. 2, parts corresponding to those in FIG. 1 are designated by the same reference numerals, and their explanations will be omitted. The data read circuit 9 differs from that in the first embodiment in the following points. That is, this data reading circuit 9 reads each note data from the musical score data memory 1 when a "1" signal is supplied to either of the enable input terminals E ₁ and E ₂ . To measure the mark length at this time, a signal supplied to the clock input terminal CLK is used.
Also, when reading out the note data for one song from the score data memory 1 is completed, the signal FINISH
(pulse signal of “1”). The start switch 10 is a push button type momentary switch, and when the start switch 10 is pressed momentarily, the SR
type flip-flop (hereinafter abbreviated as SRFF)
24 is set, and the search signal SRC (“1” signal)
is output. When this search signal SRC is output, the system clock activates the D-type flip-flop (hereinafter abbreviated as D-type FF) 2.
5 is set immediately. The system clock is an extremely short cycle clock signal that is constantly generated while the electronic organ is operating. Then, the search signal SRC is supplied to the enable input terminal _E1 of the data readout circuit 9 to operate the same circuit 9. When the operation of the data readout circuit 9 is completed and the signal FINISH is output, the AND gate 26 opens. When the AND gate 26 opens, the SRFF is reset and the signal SRC is no longer output, and at the same time, the SRFF 27 is set and the signal PLY (signal indicating play) is output. Furthermore, when the SRFF 24 is reset, the D-type FF 25 is immediately reset. When the signal PLY is output, this signal
PLY is the enable input terminal of data readout circuit 9
_E2 is supplied to operate the circuit 9, and when the operation of the data read circuit 9 is completed and the signal FINISH is output, the AND gate 29 is opened. When this AND gate 29 opens, the SRFF 27 is reset and the signal PLY is no longer output, and the D-type FF 28 is also immediately reset. The selector 30 outputs the system clock supplied to its input terminal A while the signal SRC is supplied to its control input terminal SA, and outputs the system clock supplied to its control input terminal SB while the signal PLY is supplied to its control input terminal SB. outputs the tempo clock TCLK supplied from the tempo oscillator 31 to the input terminal B. The output of the selector 30 is supplied to the clock input terminal CLK of the data reading circuit 9 and also to the clock input terminal CLK of the counter 32. Therefore, the data reading circuit 9 receives the signal
While the SRC is being supplied, the system clock is used as a timing clock to read data from the score data memory 1 at high speed, and the pitch data is
Output KCA. In addition, this data read circuit 9
While the signal PLY is being supplied, the tempo clock TCLK is used as a time clock to read data from the musical score data memory 1 at the performance tempo and output it as pitch data KCA. Next, the counter 32 is cleared at the rising edge of the signal SRC supplied to the first clear input terminal CLR1 or the rising edge of the signal PLY supplied to the second clear input terminal CLR2, and is cleared by the clock input terminal CLK.
It performs binary counting on the output of the selector 30 supplied to the tempo clock TCLK, and has a counting capacity for two bars with respect to the tempo clock TCLK. The pitch data KCA outputted from the data reading circuit 9 is transposed in the transposition control circuit 13 by an amount set by the transposition switch 11,
Output as transposed pitch data KCB.
This pitch data KCB is supplied to the musical tone forming circuit 6, and the pitch data KCB corresponding to the melody part is supplied to the octave shift circuit 1.
5 and an octave detection circuit 33. The octave detection circuit 33 operates only while the signal SRC is supplied to its enable input terminal E,
In other words, this octave detection circuit 33 outputs two types of octave data OD1 and OD2 for pitch data KCB, assuming that the keyboard 2 has a range of three octaves as shown in FIG. , Octave data OD1 is "0" when pitch data KCB belongs to the highest octave within the range of keyboard 2, "+1" when pitch data KCB belongs to an octave one step higher than this highest octave, pitch data If KCB belongs to an octave two steps higher than the highest octave, "+2",
When it belongs to an octave one step lower than the highest octave, "-1", . . . is output. Further, this octave detection circuit 33 detects octave data.
OD2 is "0" when the pitch data KCB belongs to the lowest octave within the range of keyboard 2, "-1" when it belongs to an octave one step lower than this lowest octave, and "-1" when it belongs to an octave two steps lower. −
2”, “+1” when belonging to an octave one step higher,
Outputs... The highest octave memory 21 is
Maximum value of the octave data OD1
Memorize MAX, while lowest octave memory 2
2 stores the minimum value MIN of the octave data OD2. The out-of-key range octave extraction circuit 34 is connected to the carry output terminal C of the counter 32.
This is the period at which a pulse signal of "1" is supplied from the octave data OD1 and OD2, which is a period corresponding to two measures, and which belongs to the range outside the range of keyboard 2 among octave data OD1 and OD2, and which has the largest absolute value. and outputs it as out-of-key octave data OD3. In this case, octave data OD1,
If there is no OD2 that falls outside the range of the keyboard 2 in the two measures, the out-of-key range octave data OD3 becomes "0". The out-of-key octave memory 23 stores the out-of-key octave data OD3 on the condition that the signal SRC is supplied to the write enable terminal WE. In this case, a signal from the carry output terminal C of the counter 32 is supplied to the terminal NEXT of the out-of-key octave memory 23, and the memory address is sequentially advanced by this signal. By the way, the read enable terminal of this out-of-key range octave memory 23
The signal PLY is supplied to RE, and while the signal PLY is supplied, the terminal
In response to a signal from the carry output terminal C of the counter 32 supplied to NEXT, the out-of-key range octave data OD3 stored as described above is sequentially read out as data OD3'. On the other hand, the octave shift determination circuit 35 determines the value stored in the highest octave memory 21.
A circuit that determines what octave shift should be performed based on MAX and the value MIN stored in the lowest octave memory 22,
According to the combination of the value MAX and the value MIN as shown in Table 1, a "1" signal as shown in the table is output.

[Table] In Table 1 above, ○A and ○B correspond to cases where the music to be played has a range narrower than the range of keyboard 2, but has pitch data outside the same range. However, the signal ALLUP indicates that the octave of the entire song is shifted higher than the octave of keyboard 2, and the signal ALLDW indicates that the octave of the entire song is shifted lower than the octave of keyboard 2. Further, ◯C in Table 1 corresponds to the case where the musical range of the song falls within the musical range of the keyboard 2. Furthermore, ○D in Table 1 corresponds to the case where the musical range of the song does not fall within the musical range of the keyboard 2. The selector 36 connects the signal to the control terminal SA.
When ALLUP is supplied, outputs the value MAX,
When the signal ALLDW is supplied to the control terminal SB, the value MIN is output, and the signal ALLDW is supplied to the control terminal SC.
When PART is supplied, the data OD3' is outputted, and when all the signals supplied to the control terminals SA, SB, and SC are "0" signals, the value "0" is outputted. The octave shift circuit 15 selects the pitch data KCB according to the output data of the selector 36.
Shift the octave of according to Table 2.

[Table] Furthermore, the octave shift circuit 18 shifts the octave of the key code KC in accordance with the output data of the selector 36 in a completely opposite relationship to that in the second table. Further, in this embodiment, the counter 3
2 counting output (an output that repeatedly changes every two measures), from the rhythm pattern memory 37,
The drive patterns of the rhythm sound source circuit 38 are read out sequentially. This rhythm sound source circuit 3
8 drives each rhythm sound source according to the drive pattern while the signal PLY is supplied to its enable input terminal E, thereby forming and outputting a rhythm sound signal. This rhythm sound signal is combined with the musical tone signal output from the musical tone forming circuit 6 and supplied to the amplifier 20. Thus, according to the second embodiment, at the start of a performance, all pitch data in the musical score data memory 1 is read out by the signal SRC, and one value MAX and one value 1 are read out from the pitch data KCB obtained as a result. two values
MIN and the highest octave memory created is 21
and the lowest octave memory 22, respectively. In addition, in parallel with this, the pitch data KCB
From this, out-of-key octave data OD3 for every two measures is created and sequentially stored in the out-of-key octave memory 23. Here, decide whether to perform an octave shift for the entire song from the values MAX and MIN (if the signal ALLUP or ALLDW is output) or to perform an octave shift every two measures (when the signal PART is output). ) is determined.
Then, when the signal PLY is output in place of the signal SRC, the score data memory 1 is read out again, and the key presses are displayed using the pitch data KCB, which has been shifted in octave according to the above judgment result. A musical tone is formed by the key code KC which has been reversely shifted in octave according to the above determination result, and is sounded along with the rhythm tone. As is clear from the above description, the pressed key display device according to the present invention determines whether or not the pitch indicated by the pitch data read from the musical score data memory is outside the range of the keyboard, and If there is, the octave indicated by this pitch data is shifted by a predetermined octave to display the pressed key so that the pitch indicated by this pitch data is within the range of the keyboard, and the key of the pressed key is also displayed. By shifting the octave indicated by the data in the opposite direction by the amount shifted above, it is converted into key data corresponding to the original pitch data, and musical tones are formed using this converted key data. Even if the electronic musical instrument has a small, narrow keyboard, it is possible to display key presses for songs with a wide range. Therefore, according to the present invention, there is no need to intentionally enlarge the keyboard in order to provide a key press display device, and it is possible to realize a low-cost, small, and lightweight electronic musical instrument that is equipped with a key press display device.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an electronic musical instrument to which a first embodiment of the present invention is applied, and FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of an electronic musical instrument to which the second embodiment of the present invention is applied. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the configuration of the octave detection circuit 33 in this second embodiment. 1... Score data memory, 2... Keyboard, 5...
Key press display means (light emitting element), 6... musical tone forming means (musical tone forming circuit), 9... pitch data reading means (data reading circuit), 13... transposing means (transposing control circuit), 14... key Range discrimination means (key range discrimination circuit), 1
5...First octave control means (octave shift circuit), 18... Second octave control means (octave shift circuit).

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. (a) A keyboard for playing a piece of music; (b) A musical score data memory that stores pitch data indicating a pitch consisting of a note name and an octave for each note of the piece of music to be played. (c) pitch data reading means for reading the pitch data from the score data memory in the order of progression of the music; (d) receiving the pitch data read from the score data memory and applying the pitch data to the pitch data; (d) musical tone forming means for forming a musical tone signal of a pitch corresponding to the pressed key based on key data indicating the pressed key on the keyboard; (f) a range determining means for determining whether a pitch indicated by pitch data read from the musical score data memory is outside the range of the keyboard; and (g) based on the determination result of the range determining means. , the octave indicated by the pitch data read from the musical score data memory provided to the key press display means is changed and controlled, and the range determination means determines that the pitch data is outside the range of the keyboard. When it is determined that, the octave indicated by the pitch data read from the musical score data memory is shifted by a predetermined octave so that the pitch indicated by the pitch data given to the key press display means is within the range of the keyboard. (h) a second octave control means for shifting the octave indicated by the key data given from the keyboard to the tone forming means by the amount shifted by the first octave control means; A key press display device for an electronic musical instrument, comprising: 2. The key press display device for an electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising transposing means for transposing a pitch corresponding to the pitch data read from the musical score data memory.