JPH0579996B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Field of the Invention) The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument that automatically performs multitone performances such as duets and trios.

(Background of the invention) 1 related to melodies and chords played on the keyboard
Alternatively, electronic musical instruments that produce a plurality of overtones as additional tones to a melody to add duet and trio performance effects are disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 56-100459 and Japanese Patent Application No. 57-133817.

By the way, in this prior application, the levels of the original melody sound, the first additional sound added as a duet sound, and the second additional sound added as a trio sound are the same, and the melody sound is buried in the additional sounds. There were some inconveniences such as cluttering, etc., which was not pleasing to the auditory sense.

(Object of the Invention) In view of the above-mentioned problems with the conventional type, an object of the present invention is to reduce the level (for example, 3 dB) of the first additional sound added as a duet with respect to the melody sound in an electric musical instrument, Based on the concept of lowering the level of the second additional sound added as the first additional sound (by 6 dB, for example), the objective is to perform an effective automatic double-tone addition performance that makes the melody stand out.

(Structure of the Invention) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a melody performance keyboard, an accompaniment sound performance keyboard, and additional sound data related to key depressions of these melody performance keyboard and accompaniment sound performance keyboard. In an electronic musical instrument, the electronic musical instrument has an additional sound forming circuit that generates additional sound data, and a musical sound forming circuit that generates musical tones corresponding to these additional sound data, as well as melody sounds and accompaniment sounds played on the keyboard, whether or not the additional sound is produced. a selection switch for determining the volume level of the melody sound, additional sounds, and accompaniment sound as a whole; and a melody switch for adjusting the balance between the volume of the melody sound and additional sound and the volume of the accompaniment sound. - A balance volume and a level control circuit that separately controls the volume levels of the melody sound and additional sound are provided, and the volume levels of the melody sound and additional sound are made different.

(Description of Embodiments) Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described using the drawings. The attached drawing shows a circuit configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, a keyboard 10 includes a melody playing keyboard 11 and a chord playing keyboard 12, and generates key data UKKC and LKKC representing keys to be pressed for melody and chord playing. The melody performance keyboard 11 and chord performance keyboard 12 correspond to the upper and lower keyboards of a two-stage or multi-stage keyboard, but a single-stage keyboard may be divided into key ranges and used. In addition, when adopting the well-known single finger mode, the chord performance keyboard 12 includes a chord detection section and a key data creation section for chord constituent notes, and the key data of all the chord constituent notes is time-divided as key data LKKC. Or generate it as parallel data.

The automatically played musical score data memory 13 stores musical score data of a desired musical piece. The musical score data includes note data consisting of pitch data and note length data. The musical score data reading circuit 14 counts the tempo clock TCL output from the tempo oscillator 15, and reads pitch data while sequentially advancing the read address of the memory 13 every time the count value corresponding to the note length data is reached. This allows memory 13
From then on, pitch data of melody notes and chord constituent notes, that is, key data MUKC and MLKC, are generated at timings corresponding to the note length data. A circuit for generating key data, etc. for automatic performance is well known (for example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-5098), and therefore detailed explanation will be omitted in this specification.

When the melody automatic performance selection switch 17 is off (open), the melody key data output circuit 16 outputs the melody key data UKKC to be produced by the manual performance of the melody performance keyboard 11, and the switch 17
When is on (closed), the automatic performance melody key data MUKC is output from the score data reading circuit.
That is, in this electronic musical instrument, switch 17
By opening and closing the melody, you can select manual or automatic melody performance. It should be noted that the overtone is added to the musical tone corresponding to the melody key data UKC output from the melody key data output circuit 16, that is, the melody tone, in both manual performance and automatic performance.

The chord key data output circuit 18 also selects between manual performance and automatic performance by opening and closing the automatic chord performance selection switch 19, and outputs chord key data LKC to be produced according to the selection by the switch 19.
chord key data from either the chord performance keyboard 12 or the musical score data reading circuit 14.
Selectively output VKKC or MLKC.

Both melody key data MKC and chord key data LKC from these output circuits 16 and 18 are provided to a multitone data forming circuit 20.

In the double tone data forming circuit 20, the highest note detection circuit 21 detects the key data of the highest note among the keys pressed on the melody performance keyboard 11. Normally, a melody performance is a single note performance, but if multiple melody notes are pressed at the same time on the keyboard 11, the key data of the highest note among them is detected, and the first addition for duet is added to this highest note. A second additional sound for the trio is added. In addition,
If the melody sounds are pressed at the same time like this,
The double tone or additional note is not limited to the method of adding it to the highest note as described above, but may also be added to the lowest note or the first (later) pressed key, that is, the first (later) note. . Of course, keyboard 1
1, if only one key is pressed, the detection circuit 2
1 detects the key data. In this way, the key data MKC detected and output by the detection circuit 21 indicates the key data MKC of the melody sound to which a double tone is to be added.

The chord detection circuit 22 receives the chord key data LKC output from the chord key data output circuit 18,
Based on this, chords are detected and the chord name data is
Output a CD. This chord name data CD includes root note data RT and chord type data CK indicating whether the chord type is major, minor, seventh, etc.
It consists of.

In the following description, for convenience of explanation, it is assumed that each key data consists of a two-digit hexadecimal number in which the first digit is a note code indicating a pitch name, and the second digit is an octave code indicating an octave. In this case, 12
"1", the smallest unit of decimal numbers, corresponds to a semitone.

The subtracter 23 is a circuit for determining the pitch of the melody note relative to the root note in semitones, and the semitone number data obtained here will be referred to as relative note data RN of the melody note. The note code MNC portion indicating the note name of the melody tone key data MKC is input to the A input of the subtracter 23, and the root note data RT is input to the B input. Then, the subtracter 23 performs a decimal operation "A-B" or "MNC-RT" to obtain the number of semitones of the pitch of the melody note relative to the root note, that is, the relative note data RN. Note that if you simply perform the subtraction "MNC - RT", there is an inconvenience that a negative value will be output when RT > MNC, so in the actual calculation, the upper digits of the melody note code MNC are One octave code is added and a decimal operation is performed, and only the bits corresponding to the note code excluding the octave code are output as the output RN. Note that an appropriate table may be used instead of the subtracter 23.

The double note difference data memory 24 includes double note difference data tables (consisting of a duet table and a trio table) corresponding to each chord type, and one double note difference data table is selected according to the chord type data CK. The first double note difference data ΔDD for duet and the second double note difference data ΔTD for trio are read from the selected table according to the relative note data RN. These double note difference data ΔDD, ΔTD calculate the pitch (distance from the melody note) of the first and second additional notes (duet note and trio note) to the melody note indicated by the key data MKC by the number of semitones. This is the data shown by.

The double tone difference data ΔDD and ΔTD read from the memory 24 are sent to subtracters 25 and 2, respectively.
It is given to the B input of 6. A of subtractors 25 and 26
The melody sound key data MKC output from the highest pitch detection circuit 21 is input to the input, and each "A-
B” or “MKC−ΔDD” and “MKC−
The subtraction “ΔTD” is performed using decimal arithmetic,
These calculated data are output on condition that the output enable terminal En is at the "1" level. In this way, when the duet operation selection switch 27 is on (closed), the subtracter 25 is
The output enable terminal of becomes “1”, and the subtracter 2
From No. 5, first additional sound (duet sound) key data DKC indicating a sound that is lower in number of semitones than the melody sound by the first double tone difference data ΔDD is output, and the duet sound is automatically added to the melody sound. .
Also, when the trio selection switch 29 is turned on (closed), the subtracter 25
The output enable terminal of the subtracter 26 becomes "1" and the duet sound is added, and the output enable terminal of the subtracter 26 becomes "1" and the second double tone difference data ΔTD is output from the subtracter 26 rather than the melody sound. The second note is a number of semitones lower, indicated by
The key data TKC of the additional sound (trio sound) is output. As a result, it is possible to perform an automatic trio performance in which a duet sound and a trio sound are added to the melody sound.

The accompaniment pattern generator 30 is the tempo oscillator 15
Based on the generated tempo clock TCL, base pattern data BP consisting of bass sound generation timing (key-on) pulse and bass sound pitch data indicating the pitch from the chord root note, chord timing (key-on) pulse CP, and each rhythm instrument type. Rhythm pattern pulses RP consisting of sound timing (key-on) pulses are sequentially generated.

The base tone forming circuit 31 generates a pattern generator 30 for the root tone data RT from the chord detection circuit 22.
The key data BKC of the bass tone in the interval relationship (1st, 3rd, 5th, etc.) indicated by the bass tone interval data from the pattern generator 30 is output in accordance with the bass tone generation timing from the pattern generator 30. This is done by using, for example, the pitch between the root note and the base note expressed in semitones as the base note interval data, and the base note key data BKC is obtained by adding the base note interval data to the root note data RT. Note that the chord type data CK is also input to the bass tone forming circuit 31, which means that, for example, even if the note is a third to the root note, the number of semitones is 4 for a major chord, and 3 for a minor chord. In addition, since the number of semitones for the same interval (degree) differs depending on the chord type, bass note interval data or bass note key data
This is to correct BKC using chord type data CK.

Melody key data UKC (including key-on signal) from the melody key data output circuit 16, chord key data from the chord key data output circuit 18
LKC, duet sound key data DKC and trio sound key data from the double sound data forming circuit 20
TKC, bass tone key data (including key-on signal) from the bass tone forming circuit 31 and chord timing signal CP from the accompaniment pattern generator 30
is supplied to the sound generation allocation circuit 33 of the musical tone forming circuit 32. In the sound generation allocation circuit 33, a channel counter 34 sequentially generates 9
Nine time slots are formed that are sequentially separated by two channel timing signals;
Each of the key data and the key-on signal is sampled using a channel timing signal, arranged in the time slots, and time-division multiplexed. Table 1 shows an example of key data assignment for each channel. Note that this allocation can be determined as appropriate, or in consideration of timing when the chord constituent note key data LKC and the like are time-divisionally output. In addition, each key data that is time-division multiplexed
A key-on signal KON is added to KC. For this key-on signal KON, for melody notes and bass notes, each key data is as follows: 3 notes) 8 Chord (4th note) 9 Duet note Use the accompanying key-on signal. Further, the key-on signal of the chord key data is the chord timing signal CP. The key-on signal of the melody tone is used as the key-on signal of the duet tone and the trio tone.

The sound source waveform synthesis circuit 34 synthesizes sound source waveform data of the timbre set in the timbre selection circuit 35 (for each channel). As this sound source waveform synthesis circuit, for example, one period (0 to 2π) or a half period (0 to 2π)
It is possible to use a well-known method such as a waveform storage/reading method in which sampling data of waveforms corresponding to .about.π) are stored and this data is repeatedly read out.

The envelope format circuit 36 is the tone selection circuit 35
Envelope data corresponding to the tone set (corresponding to the instrument name, etc.) is formed based on the key-on signal KNO of each channel.

The level control circuit 37 controls the volume level of each musical tone to be generated by level-shifting the envelope data, and is composed of, for example, a division circuit.
However, if only level shifting in 1/2 units such as 0 dB, -6 dB, -12 dB, -18 dB, etc. is to be performed, it may be configured with a bit shifter, and if coarse level shifting is required, it may be configured with a bit shifter and an adder/subtractor. You can also do it. This level control circuit 37 is 3dB each.
It also has a built-in 6dB level shifter, so when "1" is given to the A input, the sound level will be changed by 3dB.
The level is lowered, and when "1" is given to the B input, the sound level is lowered by 6 dB. When the duet selection switch 27 is on (closed), "1" is applied to one input terminal of the AND circuit 38 via the OR circuit 28. Moreover, the channel counter 3 is connected to the other input terminal of the AND circuit 38.
Channel timing signals corresponding to channels 4 to 9 are provided. Therefore, the A input of the level control circuit 37 is connected to the tone forming circuit 32.
"1" is applied in synchronization with the processing of the ninth channel, and therefore the envelope data, that is, the sounding level of the duet sound assigned to the ninth channel, is lowered by 3 dB. When the trio selection switch 29 is turned on, "1" is applied to the A input of the level control circuit 37 only in the section of the 9th channel via the OR circuit 28 and the AND circuit 38, and the level of the duet sound is lowered by 3 dB. At the same time, "1" is given to the B input of the control circuit 37 via the AND circuit 39, which has one input terminal given the channel timing signal corresponding to the third channel, and therefore, the signal is assigned to the third channel. The level of the trio sound is lowered by 6dB.

The volume data output circuit 40 reads the setting data of each volume in the melody/accompaniment balance volume and the total volume volume 41, obtains melody volume data and accompaniment volume data based on this setting data, and outputs the melody volume data and accompaniment volume data to the channel timing signal from the channel counter 34. Therefore, these volume data are synchronized with the first to ninth channels. As a result, accompaniment volume data is transmitted in synchronization with the first, second, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth channels, and melody volume data is transmitted in synchronization with the third, sixth, and ninth channels. The level control circuit 37 level-shifts the envelope data of the bass tone, chord, and arpeggio tone of the first, second, fourth, fifth, seventh, and eighth channels based on the accompaniment volume data.
Envelope data of melody sounds, duet sounds, and trio sounds of the 3rd, 6th, and 9th channels are level-shifted based on melody volume data. Therefore, duet and trio sounds are each 3dB.
And after being level shifted by 6dB, it is further subjected to a level shift indicated in the melody volume data.

The envelope applying circuit 42 is composed of, for example, a multiplier, and adds an envelope to the sound source waveform by multiplying the sound source waveform data from the sound source waveform synthesis circuit 34 and the envelope data level-shifted in the level control circuit 37, thereby creating a melody. Musical sound data SD is time-division multiplexed with each musical sound data of a note, a duet sound, a trio sound, each chord component sound, a bass sound, and an arpeggio sound.

The rhythm sound generator 43 is the accompaniment pattern generator 3
Rhythm sound data RD is formed in accordance with the volume set in the rhythm sound volume 44 of the rhythm sound based on the rhythm pattern pulse that generates 0.

In the D/A converter 45, the tone forming circuit 32
Musical sound data SD and rhythm sound generator 43 from
The data for all channels contained in the rhythm sound data RD are added in a time-divided manner, acoustically mixed, and then converted into an analog signal. This analog signal is transmitted to an amplifier 46 and a speaker 47.
The sound is output as sound through a sound system 48 that includes the following.

(Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, the volume level of the duet sound is lower than that of the melody sound, and the level of the trio sound is further lowered than that of the duet sound. Since the levels are different, it is possible to perform an effective multitone performance with extremely high melody tones through automatic multitone addition.

In addition, a melody/accompaniment balance volume allows you to maintain the volume balance between melody sounds and accompaniment sounds such as chords, and since it is equipped with a total volume volume, it is possible to prevent the melody sound from becoming prominently louder by adding overtones. can avoid. Therefore, even if the duet or trio selection switch is turned on during the performance, the overall volume of the melody will not change and the balance with the accompaniment sound will not be lost.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The attached figure is a block configuration diagram showing the configuration of an electronic musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention. 11...keyboard for melody performance, 12...keyboard for chord performance, 20...additional tone forming circuit, 32...musical tone forming circuit, 37...level control circuit.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A melody playing keyboard, an accompaniment sound playing keyboard, and an additional sound forming circuit that forms additional sound data related to key presses of these melody playing keyboard and accompaniment sound playing keyboard; An electronic musical instrument having a musical tone forming circuit that generates musical tones corresponding to these additional sound data, as well as melody tones and accompaniment sounds played on the keyboard, comprising: a selection switch that determines whether or not the additional tones are to be produced; a total volume that adjusts the overall volume level of the tones, additional tones, and accompaniment tones; and a melody volume that adjusts the balance between the volumes of the melody tones and additional tones, and the volume of the accompaniment tones.
An electronic musical instrument, comprising: a balance volume; and a level control circuit that separately controls the volume levels of the melody tone and the additional tone; and the melody tone and the additional tone have different volume levels.