JPH0353639B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a music playing device that stores musical scale data, note length data, etc. in a semiconductor memory or the like, and plays music according to reading of these data. Conventionally, in this type of device, the frequency signal of each scale only contained a fixed sine wave or a fixed rectangular wave, resulting in a monotonous musical performance. The present invention enables musical pieces to be reproduced with rich tones using the sounds of musical instruments such as guitars, pianos, violins, etc., and with desired musical sounds by selecting various musical instrument sounds. That is, in the present invention, when generating a frequency signal of a corresponding scale according to reading of scale data, a plurality of basic waveforms read out in accordance with the frequency signal and a corresponding note according to reading of note length data are generated. It has a plurality of envelope waveforms that are read out over a long period of time, arbitrarily selects these basic waveforms and envelope waveforms, and plays a song with the selected instrument sound using a desired combination of basic waveforms and envelope waveforms. It was designed to be obtained. An embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an overall circuit block diagram. The device can be broadly divided into an oscillation/frequency dividing circuit 1, a tone generator section 2, an envelope generation section 3,
It is composed of an external input circuit 4, a control circuit 5, an address counter 6, a music information memory 7, an amplifier 9, and a speaker 10. The oscillation/frequency divider circuit 1 includes, for example, a crystal oscillation circuit and a frequency divider circuit, and generates a basic clock for the device. The tone generator section 2 is a section that generates a corresponding frequency signal according to data output from the music information memory 7 (for example, composed of a ROM). The envelope generator 3 generates the length and envelope of the sound according to the data output from the music information memory 7. The input circuit 4 is a switch circuit that controls music selection, music start, transposition/modulation, tempo, etc. The control circuit 5 converts the switch input of the input circuit 4 into a signal and transmits it to each block. The address counter 6 specifies the address of the song information memory 7, and sequentially reads the song data stored in the song information memory 7, and uses this pitch pattern to determine the scale, note length, timbre (instrument), strength and weakness of the tone (instrument), and acoustic effects (tremolo). ), specify the stop of the song, etc. FIG. 2 shows the bit allocation stored in the music information memory 7. That is, the 16 bits of B〓 to _B15 are respectively B〓 to _B3 (4 bits)...scale bits _B4 to _B7 (4 bits)...note length bits _B8 to _B9 (2 bits)...octave bits B ₁₀ , B ₁₁ (2 bits)...Instrument recombination bits B ₁₂ , B ₁₃ (2 bits)...Sound strength bits B ₁₄ (1 bit)...Sound effect bits B ₁₅ (1 bit)...Assigned like stop bits . <Specific configuration and operation> (1) First, a song is selected by the song designation switch of the input circuit 4. By operating this switch, the control circuit 5 decodes 3 into M ₁ to M ₃ .
Outputs a bit pattern and specifies the top address of the music information memory 7 for reading. (2) Next, when the start switch of the external input circuit 4 is turned on, the music information bit pattern at the address specified above is read out. Of the read bit patterns, 8 bits B〓 _{to B3} (scale bits), _B8 to _B11 (octave bits, instrument recombination bits) are sent to the tone generator section 2, and _B4 to _B7. (note length bit), B ₁₀ ~
Eight bits of _B14 (instrument recombination bit, sound strength bit, sound effect bit) are transmitted to the envelope generator 3. B ₁₅ (stop bit) is transmitted to the control circuit 5. When "1" is output to the _B15 bit, the operation is stopped, but at the time of start and when playing music, it is "0" and does not affect the operation in any way. (3) Of the 8 bits transmitted to the tone generator section 2, 6 bits from B〓 to B ₃ , B ₈ , and B ₉ are input to the addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 and stored in the scale division ratio memory 2-5. In addition to specifying the address, the octave is selected using the octave selector 2-2. The addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 controls the data of B≦ to B ₃ , B ₈ , and B ₉ by inputting an external switch from the input circuit 4 to enable transposition and modulation. (4) One of the fundamental frequencies f ₀₁ to _{f 04} corresponding to each octave is selected by the octave selector 2-2. The frequency divider circuit 2-1 is connected to the oscillation/frequency divider circuit 1, and the binary output is multiplied by 1, 2,
4,8 times) fundamental frequencies f ₀₁ to f ₀₄ are prepared. The fundamental frequency f _0i selected by the octave selector 2-2 is input to the frequency dividing circuit 2-3 and divided. The 9-bit binary frequency division output of the frequency divider circuit 2-3 is compared with the same 9-bit frequency division ratio output from the frequency division ratio memory 2-5 specified by the above address in the matching circuit 2-4, and if they match. At the same time as outputting a pulse, the frequency dividing circuit 2-3 is reset. The frequency of the pulses output at the time of this coincidence corresponds to each scale in each octave. By the way, if the frequency division ratio is 12 values between 478 and 253 (expressed by 9 bits in binary code) with respect to the reference frequency of 500 KHz, each scale frequency in the range of 1046 to 1975 Hz can be obtained. The octave can be changed by doubling the reference frequency. (5) The coincidence detection pulse is further input to the frequency dividing circuit 2-7. The frequency dividing circuit 2-7 uses its 4-bit binary frequency divided output to generate the next stage basic waveform memory 2-8.
It operates as a so-called address counter. Basic waveform memory 2-8 consists of 8 bits and has 16
Data is stored so that each step forms a waveform for one cycle of the scale frequency. In other words, the frequency output from the octave selector 2-2 and the matching circuit 2-4 corresponds to 16 times the actual scale frequency, and the frequency dividing circuit 2-7 divides one period of each scale frequency into 16 parts. Then, the addresses of 16 steps in the basic waveform memory 2-8 are sequentially specified. The waveform data read by this address specification is transferred to the D/A converter 2.
-9, and is D/A converted to form the basic waveform of the sound signal. Further, 2 bits B ₁₀ and B ₁₁ from the music information memory 7 and the upper 2 bit binary frequency division output C of the frequency dividing circuit 3-7 of the envelope generating section 3 are inputted to the basic waveform memory 2-8. _B10 ,
_{The 11} bits in B select the waveform memory to be read out in accordance with instrument recombination control, and the 2 bits in C further divide the envelope temporally into four regions, and select the basic waveform with higher-order frequencies added as appropriate. This is to increase the naturalness and ease of listening to the sound. (6) Of the 9 bits transmitted to the envelope generator 3, 4 bits B ₄ to _{B 7} are input to the note length division ratio memory 3-6 as address designations. The two bits _B10 and _B11 are used as control bits for instrument recombination and are used in the envelope waveform memory 3-8.
Furthermore, the three bits B ₁₂ , B ₁₃ and B ₁₄ are input to the arithmetic circuit 3-9 as bits for controlling the strength of the sound and the sound effect (tremolo). (7) In the envelope generating section 3, when the start switch is turned on, the frequency dividing circuit 3-1 starts operating first. The 6-bit binary frequency division output of the frequency division circuit 3-1 is input to the matching circuit 3-2, and is compared with the 6-bit frequency division ratio output of the tempo frequency division ratio memory 3-3. If they match, a pulse is generated and input to the subsequent frequency divider circuit 3-4. This pulse determines the time interval of the shortest note length. If necessary, by operating the tempo control switch of the input circuit 4, the frequency division ratio output can be added or subtracted in the addition/subtraction circuit 3-11, and the frequency division ratio can be changed to set an arbitrary tempo. (8) Note length division ratio memory 3-4 is 4 from B ₄ to _{B 7} .
Using bits as addresses, 8-bit frequency division ratio data corresponding to each note length is selected and output. Correspondingly, the match circuit 3-5 compares it with the 8-bit binary frequency division output of the frequency divider circuit 3-4, and outputs a pulse when they match. The output time interval of this pulse corresponds to each note length specified by 4 bits _B4 to _B7 . However, here again, due to the following reasons, 1
It outputs 32 pulses per note length. That is, the coincidence detection circuits 3-2, 3-
The frequency of the pulses output from the 5th grade is usually 32 times that of the general case. This pulse is transmitted by frequency divider circuit 3
-7 and is frequency-divided. (9) The envelope waveform memory 3-8 has an 8-bit configuration and stores data to form one envelope waveform in 32 steps. Like the basic waveform described above, the envelope waveform is only compressed and expanded in time for each note length, and one envelope waveform must be read out for one note length. The frequency dividing circuit 3-7 serves as a so-called address counter for the envelope waveform memory 3-8, and sequentially specifies the addresses of 32 steps of the envelope waveform memory 3-8 for each note length by a 5-bit binary frequency division output. . The B ₁₀ and B ₁₁ bits input to the envelope waveform memory 3-8 select the waveform memory to be read out, and perform instrument recombination control by combining with the basic waveform selected in the basic waveform memory 2-8. . The 2 bits of C are the upper ones of the 5-bit binary frequency division output of the frequency divider circuit 3-7, and divide the envelope period into four equal parts. (10) The data read from the envelope waveform memory 3-8 is processed by the arithmetic circuit 3-9.
Multiplication based on the strength bit data of B ₁₂ and B ₁₃ and addition/subtraction based on the sound effect (tremolo) bit data of B ₁₄ are performed to modify the envelope waveform data. The modified data is D/A converted by a D/A converter 3-10 to generate an envelope. (11) The envelope is sent as a level control signal to the D/A converter 2-9 of the tone generator section 2, mixed with the basic waveform by the D/A converter 2-9, and outputted as an enveloped sound signal. The sound signal is emitted via an amplifier 9 and a speaker 10. (12) When the frequency dividing circuit 3-7 counts 32 steps (one envelope read), the carry pulse is input to the address counter 6 and advances the address by one. As a result, the next music information bit pattern is read out from the music information memory 7, and the operations (1) to (12) above are repeated. (13) In this way, the song information bit patterns are read out sequentially from the song information memory 7, and when "1" is output to the B ₁₅ bit, a stop signal is output from the control circuit 5, and each frequency dividing circuit 2
-1, 2-3, 2-7, 3-1, 3-4, 3-
7, the internal gate circuit is closed and the series of operations is completed. <Data Capacity of Memory> Incidentally, the data capacity of each memory in the above embodiment is as follows. Scale division ratio memory 2-5...9 bits x 12 scales Basic waveform memory 2-8...8 bits x 16 steps x 4 basic waveforms Note length division ratio memory 3-3...8 bits x 1 shortest note length Note length Frequency ratio memory 3-6...8 bits x 16 note length Envelope waveform memory 3-8...8 bits x 32 steps x 4 envelope waveforms <basic waveform and envelope> For example, the basic waveform is shown in the time chart in Figure 3. There are (a) sine waves, (b) sawtooth waves, (c) rectangular waves, (d) triangular waves, etc. Basic waveform memory 2-
8, one period of these waveforms is divided into 16,
It is stored as 8-bit, 16-step digital data. The time charts in FIGS. 1 to 4 show examples of envelope waveforms. The envelope is divided into 32 parts and 8 are divided into envelope waveform memories 3-8.
It is stored as digital data of 32 bits and 32 steps. The above-mentioned basic waveform and envelope waveform are just examples, and there are various other basic waveforms and envelope waveforms, and the present invention is not limited to these. If the sound of a certain instrument is as shown in Figure 5,
The basic waveform A is a in Figure 3, and the envelope B is the 4th waveform.
It will consist of a in the figure. The repetition frequency of the fundamental waveform corresponds to each scale, and the length of the envelope corresponds to each note length. The main functions will be explained in more detail below. <Transposition/modulation, tempo adjustment> The chord diagram of the scale data (B– to B ₃ bits) is shown in FIG. 6, and the chord diagram of the note length data (B ₄ to B ₇ bits) is shown in FIG. Here, as shown in the figure, scale data and note length data are encoded in sequential correspondence with 4-bit binary codes. Note that when the scale data is "0000" (code 0H), it represents a rest, and the rest length is set using the note length data. If we consider the transposition and transposition of a scale using the above code, it becomes addition and subtraction of a certain number of binary codes.
For example, moving up a semitone from C major changes it to D flat major. The first octave of C major is “0100” (code
4H) to “1111” (code FH), and one octave of D flat major is expressed as “0101” (code 5H) to 1
It becomes “0100” (code 4H) an octave higher, which is the C major chord plus “0001”. Also, if you move down a semitone from C major, you get B major. One octave of B major at this time is "1111" (code FH) one octave below, "0101" (code 4H) to "1110" (code EH) in the same octave, and "0001" is subtracted from C major. It becomes something.
The upper and lower octaves are “0100” by the above addition and subtraction.
It is represented by carries and borrows from (code 4H) to “1111” (code FH). The addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 of the tone generator section 2 in FIG. 1 performs the above-mentioned addition/subtraction in response to the switch input for transposition/modulation from the input circuit 4. ~6
If you make it possible to set the number of sounds, 1
Transposition and transposition between octaves can be easily performed. The tempo is also changed to 6 by a similar addition/subtraction circuit 3-11.
This can be achieved by adding or subtracting an arbitrary number (binary code) to the output of the bit frequency division ratio memory 3-3 to change the shortest note length. <Generation of Instrument Sound> The sound of an instrument is composed of an envelope and the fundamental waveform that forms the envelope, and by specifying the fundamental waveform and envelope, the instrument sound can be specified. be able to. Data specifying instrument sounds is stored in song information memory 7.
These are the instrument recombination bits B ₁₀ and B ₁₁ outputted from the instrument, and here the instrument sound can be switched for each note at most. Instrument recombination bits
The data of B ₁₀ and B ₁₁ are stored in basic waveform memory 2-8,
The signals are input to the envelope waveform memory 3-8, and the corresponding fundamental waveform and envelope waveform are selected. The basic waveform example is shown in Figure 3, and the envelope waveform example is shown in the time chart in Figure 4. For example, if (c) is selected as the basic waveform and 2 is selected as the envelope waveform, the envelope waveform example is as shown in Figure 5. Instrument sounds having a waveform form will be output. As shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1, the selection of musical instrument sounds is performed by operating a switch in the input circuit 4 to output data B _{10 ′} and B _{11 ′} corresponding to the instrument recombination bits B ₁₀ and B ₁₁ from the control circuit 5. It may also be possible to arbitrarily specify it from the outside. The 2-bit C signal input to the basic waveform memory 2-8 increases the naturalness and audibility of the sound. Generally, as shown in the curved envelope waveform in Figure 4-1, the time from the rise of the sound to the peak is the attack time A, the time from the peak to the hold level is the decay time D, and the hold level is the attack time. The level time is called sustain time S, and the falling time is called release time R.
It is normal for the basic waveform to change during these periods. In this embodiment, the envelope period is equally divided into four by a 2-bit C signal and approximated to this. In many cases, the basic waveform is slightly changed by adding a higher-order frequency. In this case, the bits B ₁₀ and B ₁₁ for recombining musical instruments are
Since it is necessary to select a basic waveform in each of the four periods of the envelope, 4 x 4 basic waveforms are stored in memory, and the data capacity of basic waveform memory 2-8 is 8 bits x 16 steps x (4 x 4). This becomes the basic waveform. As described above, the present invention stores a plurality of basic waveforms and envelope waveforms, and by selecting these basic waveforms and envelope waveforms, a selection is made according to reading of basic music information such as scale data and note length data. The music can be played using any musical instrument sound, and a music playing device with a rich variety of tones can be provided.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall circuit block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing bit assignment of the music information memory, FIGS. 3 a to d are time charts showing examples of basic waveforms, and FIG. 4 1 to 4 are time charts showing examples of envelope waveforms, Figure 5 is a time chart showing examples of mixing basic waveforms and envelope waveforms, Figure 6 is a diagram showing examples of chords corresponding to each scale, and Figure 7 is a diagram showing each note. It is a figure which shows the code example corresponding to length. 1...Oscillation/frequency dividing circuit, 2...Tone/generator section, 3...Envelope generation section, 4...Input circuit, 5...Control circuit, 6...Address counter, 7...Song information memory, 2 -8...
...Basic waveform memory, 3-8...Envelope waveform memory, B〓~ _B3 ...Scale bit, _B4 ~ _B7 ...
...Note length bit, _B10 , _B11 ( _B10 ', _B11 ')...Instrument recombination bit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first memory means for storing music information having at least scale data, note length data, and instrument recombination data as bit patterns, and a frequency indicating each scale according to reading of scale data from the first memory means. a second memory means for storing a plurality of fundamental waveforms read out corresponding to one cycle of;
a third memory means for storing a plurality of envelope waveforms read out corresponding to periods of each note length in response to reading of the note length data from the first memory means; means for selectively specifying reading of the basic waveform and envelope waveform in units of notes in response to reading of the instrument recombination data; A music playing device characterized by being configured to play back.