JPS58100188A - Musical composition performer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a musical piece playing device which stores musical scale data, note length data, etc. in a semiconductor memory or the like, and reads out these data using 91 steps to reproduce a song.

Conventionally, in this type of device, the frequency signal of each scale only contained a fixed sine wave or a fixed rectangular wave, and the musical performance was monotonous.

The present invention enables music to be played back with a rich variety of musical tones such as guitar, piano, violin, etc., and with a desired musical instrument sound by selecting various musical instrument sounds. That is, in the present invention, when generating a frequency signal of a corresponding scale according to the reading of musical scale data, a plurality of basic waveforms are read out in accordance with the frequency signal, and a frequency signal is read out between the corresponding note lengths according to reading of musical note length data. These basic waveforms and envelope waveforms can be arbitrarily selected, and a song can be played using the selected instrument sound using a desired combination of basic waveforms and envelope waveforms. be.

An embodiment of the device of the present invention will be described below according to hidden aspects.

FIG. 1 shows an overall circuit block diagram. The device can be broadly divided into oscillation/frequency divider circuits 1. Tone generator section 2. Envelope generator 3. External input circuit 4. Control circuit 5. Address counter 6, song information memory 7
, amplifier 9. It is composed of a speaker 10.

The oscillation/frequency divider circuit 1 includes, for example, a crystal oscillation circuit and a frequency divider circuit, and generates a basic clock for the device. The tone generator section 2 has a song information memory 7 (for example, ROM
It is a part that generates a corresponding frequency signal according to the data output from the (consisting of) The envelope generator 3 generates the length and envelope of the sound according to the data output from the music information memory 7. Input circuit 4 is for music selection.

This is a switch circuit that controls the start of a song, transposition/modulation, Ta/Bo, etc. The control circuit 5 converts the switch input of the input circuit 4 into a signal and transmits it to each block. The address counter 6 specifies the address of the song information memory 7, and sequentially reads out the song data stored in the song information memory 7, and uses this bit pattern to determine the scale, note length, tone (instrument), strength of the sound, and acoustic effects ( Tremolo) Specify to stop one song, etc.

FIG. 2 shows the bit allocation stored in the music information memory 7. In other words, BB~B! 5, 16 pits respectively B, ~B3 (4 bits), nose, scale bits B4 ~ B7 (
4 bits)... Note length bits B8 to B, (2 bits)... Octave bits B1°+ Bs+ (2 bits)... Instrument recombination bits BIl+ B13 (2
Hit) φ...Sound strength bit B++ (1 hit)...
- Sound effect bit BIS (1 bit) ... Assigned like a stop pit.

<Specific configuration and operation> 1) First, select a song using the song designation switch of the input circuit 4. By operating this switch, the control circuit 5A outputs the M3 bit pattern decoded into M1 to M, and reads out the music information memory 7.
Specify the starting address for printing.

2) Next, when you turn on the start switch of input circuit 4,
The music information bit pattern at the address specified above is read. Among the read bit patterns, B
, ~B3 (scale bit).

B, ~B11 (octave bit, instrument recombination bit)
The 8 bits of
4~B't (note length bit), B,.

~B1. (Instrument recombination bit, sound strength bit.

The nine pits of sound effect focus are transmitted to the envelope generator 3.

B8. (stop bit) is transmitted to the control circuit 5. When 1# is output to the B15 bit, the operation stops, but at the time of starting and playing music, it is 10' and does not affect the operation in any way.

3)) Of the 8 bits transmitted to the -y generator section 2, the 6 bits B, ~Bs + Ba +, no are input to the addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 and stored in the scale division ratio memory 2-5. In addition to specifying the address, the octave is selected using the octave selector 2-2.

The addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 receives B, ~B3+B8. This allows transposition and transposition by controlling the BO data. .

4) One of the fundamental frequencies fes7fo4 corresponding to each octave is selected by the octave selector 2-2.

The frequency divider circuit 2-1 is connected to the oscillation/frequency divider circuit 1, and has a fundamental frequency f that is twice (1°2.4·, 8 times) than its binary output. This is to prepare I”f04.

Fundamental frequency f selected from octave selector 2-2
oi is input to the frequency dividing circuit 2-3 and frequency-divided. The 9-bit binary frequency divided output of the frequency dividing circuit 2-3 is output from the matching circuit 2-4.
, the division ratio memory I specified by the above address
It is compared with the same 9-bit frequency division ratio output from J-2-5, and when they match, a pulse is output and the frequency division circuit 2-3 is reset.

The frequency of the pulses output at the time of this coincidence corresponds to each scale in each octave.

By the way, if the -C frequency division ratio is 12 values between 478 and 253 (expressed by 9 pits in binary code) for a reference frequency of 500 KHz, then it is 1046 to 1.
Each scale frequency in the 975 Hz range can be obtained. The octave can be changed by doubling the reference frequency.

5) The -multiple output pulses are further input to the frequency dividing circuit 2-7. The frequency divider circuit 2-7 operates as a so-called address controller which specifies the address of the next stage basic waveform memory 2-8 by its 4-pit binary frequency divided output.

The basic waveform memory 2-8 has an 8-bit configuration and stores data so as to form a waveform for one cycle of the scale frequency in 16 steps. That is, octave selector 2-2. The frequency output from the matching circuit 2-4 is equivalent to 16 times the actual scale frequency, and the frequency divider circuit 2-7 divides one cycle of each scale frequency into 16 parts and stores them in the basic waveform memory 2-4. The addresses of 16 steps of 8 are sequentially specified. The waveform data read out by this addressing is input to the D/A converter 2-9, where it is D/A converted and forms the basic waveform of the -C tone signal.

Also, basic waveform memo! j-2-8 has song information memo')
The 2-bit 7-color Bso+1311 and the upper 2-bit binary frequency-divided output C of the frequency divider circuit 3-7 of the envelope generator 3 are input. The Bto +811 pit selects the waveform memory to be read out according to the instrument recombination control, and the 2 bits of C further change the envelope temporally by 4.
This is done by dividing the waveform into areas and selecting a basic waveform with high-order frequencies added as appropriate to increase the naturalness and ease of listening to the sound.

6) Of the 8 bits transmitted to the envelope generator 3, the 4 bits B, ~B, are stored in the note length division ratio memory 3-
6 as an address specification. The two bits B1°+B11 are stored in the envelope waveform memory 3-8 as control bits for instrument recombination, and are also stored in the envelope waveform memory 3-8.
The three bits No. 14 are input to the arithmetic circuit 3-9 as bits for controlling the strength of the sound and sound effects (tremolo).

When the start switch is turned on, the frequency divider circuit 3-1 starts operating. and is compared with the 6-bit frequency division ratio output of the tempo frequency division ratio memory 3-3. If they match, a pulse is generated and input to the subsequent frequency division circuit 3-4. - Determine the time interval of note lengths.

If necessary, by operating the tempo control switch of the input circuit 4, the division ratio memory 3 is stored in the addition/subtraction circuit 3-11.
By adding or subtracting the frequency division ratio output of -3, the frequency division ratio can be changed to set an arbitrary tempo.

8) Note length division ratio memo IJ-3-4 is B4-B, 4
Using bits as addresses, 8-bit frequency division ratio data corresponding to each note length is selected and output. In response, the matching circuit 3-5 uses the 8-pit node (
It is compared with the initial frequency division output, and when they match, a pulse is output. The output time interval of this pulse corresponds to each note length specified by the four bits B4 to B.

However, here as well, 32 pulses are output for each note length for the following reasons. That is, the frequency of the pulses output from the -number output circuits 3-2, 3-5, etc. is usually 32 times that of the general case. This pulse is input to the frequency dividing circuit 3-7 and frequency-divided.

9) Envelope waveform memory 3-8 is 8-bit.

) configuration, data is stored to form one envelope waveform in 32 steps. Like the basic waveform described above, the envelope waveform is only compressed and expanded in time for each note length, and one envelope waveform must be read out for one note length. The frequency divider circuit 3-7 serves as a so-called address counter for the envelope waveform memory 3-8, and by outputting a 5-bit binary frequency division, it sequentially reads the addresses of 32 steps in the envelope waveform memory 3-8 for each note length. specify.

BIo input to envelope waveform memory 3-8
! The B+s pit selects the waveform memory to be read out, and performs instrument recombination control by combining it with the basic waveform selected in the basic waveform memo IJ-2-8. The two bits of C are the upper ones of the 5-bit binary frequency-divided output of the frequency divider circuit 3-7, and divide the envelope period into four equal parts.

10) The data read from the envelope waveform memory 3-8 is input to B1□ in the arithmetic circuit 3-9.

The envelope waveform data is modified by performing multiplication based on the strength pit data of 13ts and addition/subtraction based on the sound effect (tremolo) bit data of B14. The modified data is D/A converted by a D/A converter 3-10 to generate an envelope.

■) The envelope is the D/A of tone generator section 2.
A level control signal is sent to the converter 2-9, D/
It is mixed with the basic waveform at A/B 2-9 and outputs an enveloped sound signal. The sound signal is sent to amplifier 9. Sound is emitted through the speaker 10.

12) When the frequency divider circuit 3-7 counts 32 steps (one envelope read), the carry pulse is input to the address counter 6 and the address is set to 1.
Advance one step. As a result, the next song information pit pattern is read out from the song information memory 7, and the operations 1) to 12) above are repeated. When 1# is output to the B15 bit, a stop signal is output from the control circuit 5, and each frequency dividing circuit 2-1.2-3.2-7
．． 3-1.3-4.3-7 is reset, the internal gate circuit is closed, and the series of operations is completed.

<Data Capacity of Memory> Incidentally, the data capacity of each memory in the above embodiment is as follows.

Scale division ratio memory 2-5 - Contest - 9 bits x 12 scale basic waveform memory 2-8 Fists...8 pits 16 steps x 4 Basic waveform note length division ratio memory 3-3...8 bits x 1 Shortest note length note length frequency division ratio memory 3-6 ... 8 bits x 16 notes length Envelope waveform memory 3-8 118 bits) x 32 steps x 4 envelope waveforms (fundamental waveform and envelope) As shown in the time chart of FIG. 3, there are (a) sine waves, (b) sawtooth waves, (c) rectangular waves, and (d) triangular waves. In the basic waveform memory 2-8, one cycle of these waveforms is divided into 16 parts (8 vias).
, is stored as 16-step digital data.

The time charts in FIG. 4 (S+) to (each) show examples of envelope waveforms. The envelope data is divided into 32 parts and stored in the envelope waveform memory 3-8 as 8-bit, 32-step digital data. The basic form mentioned above,
The envelope waveform is just one example; there are various other basic waveforms,
There are envelope waveforms, but the waveform is not limited to these.

If the sound of a certain instrument is as shown in Figure 5, then
It will be composed of. The repetition frequency of the fundamental waveform corresponds to each scale, and the length of the envelope corresponds to each note length.

The following is a more detailed explanation of the above functions.
Modulation, tempo adjustment> The chord diagram of scale data (B-B3 pits) is shown in FIG. 6, and the chord diagram of note length data (B,-B7 bits) is shown in FIG. Here, as shown in the figure, scale data and note length data are encoded in sequential correspondence with a 4-pit binary code.

Note that when the scale data is 110000# (code OH), it represents a rest, and the note length is set using the note length data.

If we consider the transposition and transposition of a scale using the above code, it becomes addition and subtraction of a certain number of binary codes.

For example, moving up a semitone from C major changes it to D flat major. The first octave of C major is 0100 “(Code 4H)～”
1111" (Code FH), and one octave of D-flat major is '0101" (Code 5H) to 1'0100" (Code 4H) one octave higher.
It becomes the C major chord with '0001' added.Also, moving down a semitone from C major becomes the major key.The one octave of the major key at this time is '1111' which is an octave below.
' (Code FH), 1 of the same octave? )101'
(Code 4H) ~'1110'' (Code EH)
So, it is C major minus 'QOOI'. The upper and lower octaves are 0100# (
It is represented by the carry and pollo of codes 4H) to '1111' (code FH).

The addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 of the tone generator section 2 in FIG. 1 performs the above-mentioned addition/subtraction in response to the transposition/modulation switch input from the input circuit 4. If it is set to 1" so that any number of tones in 6 can be set, transposition/transposition between one octave and one pitch can be easily performed.

The tempo can also be achieved by adding or subtracting an arbitrary number (binary code) to the output of the 66-bit frequency ratio memo IJ-3-3 using a similar adder/subtractor circuit a-1xm to change the shortest note length.

<Generation of musical instrument sounds> The sound of an instrument is composed of a basic waveform in which the sound waveform forms an envelope, and by specifying the basic waveform and envelope, the musical instrument sound can be specified. 0 The data specifying the musical instrument sound are the musical instrument recombination bits B+o and Bt+ output from the music information memory 7, and here the musical instrument sound can be switched for each note at most. The data of the musical instrument recombination BIO+B11 is input to the basic waveform memory 2-8° envelope waveform memory 3-8, and the corresponding basic waveform and envelope waveform are selected. The basic waveform example is as shown in the time chart in Figure 3, and the envelope waveform example is as shown in the time chart in Figure 4. For example, (c) is the basic waveform, and the envelope waveform (if Shu is selected, as shown in Figure 5). An instrument sound having a waveform form like this will be output.

In addition, as shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1, the selection of the instrument sound is performed by operating the switch on the input circuit 4.
It is also possible to output o + B 11' and specify it arbitrarily from the outside.

The 2-bit C signal input to the basic waveform memory 2-8 increases the naturalness and audibility of the sound. Generally, as shown in the typical envelope waveform in Figure 4 (1), the time from the rise of the sound to the peak is the attack time chart, the time from the hold level is the decay time D, and the hold level is the decay time D. Level time sustain/・
Time S.

The falling time is called release time R, and the basic waveform usually changes during this period. In this example, 2
The C signal of bits equalizes the amplifier period by 4
It is divided and approximated.

In many cases, the basic waveform is slightly changed by adding a higher-order frequency.

In this case, 4×4 fundamental waves I+/, from 8 crabs specified by the instrument recombination pitch BIOlBll and each selecting a fundamental waveform in four periods of the envelope.

The data capacity of basic waveform memory 2-8 is The basic waveform is 8 pits x 16 steps x (4 x 4).

As described above, the present invention stores a plurality of basic waveforms and envelope waveforms, and by selecting these basic waveforms and envelope waveforms, musical scale data can be generated.

According to the readout of basic music information such as note length data, a music piece is played back using any selected instrument sound, and a music playing device with a rich variety of tones can be provided.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an overall circuit block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing bit allocation of music information memory, and FIG.
Figures (a) to (d) are time charts showing examples of basic waveforms;
Figure 4 ((・) to -) is a time chart showing examples of envelope waveforms, Figure 5 is a time chart showing examples of mixing basic waveforms and envelope waveforms, and Figure 6 is a diagram showing examples of chords corresponding to each scale. , FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a chord corresponding to each note length. 1. Oscillation/frequency division circuit, 2. Tone generator section, 3. Envelope generation section, 4. Input circuit, 5. Control circuit, 6. Address counter, 7.・・Song information memory, 2-8・
...Basic waveform memory, 3-8...Envelope waveform memory + B j! f-B 3...Scale bit I
B, ~B7...Note length bit + Bso + Bt
t (B+o'+BIl') - Instrument recombination bit. Agent Patent Attorney Aihiko Fuku 16 Hiato L-, ------, -, -- □□ Todo, Whoupiso 1
-(1) Second illustration! 5 ゛wa

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A first memory means for storing music information having at least scale data and note length data as a bit pattern, and in response to reading scale data from the first memory,
a second memory means for storing a plurality of fundamental waveforms read out corresponding to one period of frequency representing each musical scale; and in response to reading of note length data from the first memory means;
a third memory for storing a plurality of envelope waveforms read out corresponding to periods of each note length; and means for selectively specifying readout of the fundamental waveform and the envelope waveform; 1. A music playing device that plays music using a selected musical instrument sound having a combination of an envelope waveform and an envelope waveform.