JPS592090A - Musical piece performer - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a music playing device that stores musical scale data, note length data, etc. in a semiconductor memory or the like, and plays music according to reading of these data.

Conventionally, in this type of device, the frequency signal of each scale only contained a fixed sine wave or a fixed rectangular wave, and the musical performance was monotonous.

The present invention makes it possible to reproduce music with rich tones using musical instrument sounds such as guitar, piano, violin, etc. That is, in the present invention, when generating a frequency signal of a corresponding scale according to the readout of scale data, the basic waveform read out in accordance with the frequency signal and the envelope read out between the corresponding note lengths according to the readout of note length data. It has a waveform, and a combination of these basic waveforms and envelope waveforms allows music to be played with a desired instrument sound.
0 By the way, some songs have some desirable instrumental sounds.

If the combination of the basic waveform and envelope waveform is fixed and stored, the instrument sound will be specified and it will not be possible to deal with various songs, and if many Ω combinations are prepared,
It has the drawback that it requires a large amount of memory, making it unsuitable for LSI (1 chip per %), and that selection of combinations depending on music becomes complicated.

The present invention addresses these points and enables reproduction with preferred instrument sounds that match the music. An embodiment of the present invention apparatus will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an overall circuit block diagram. The device can be broadly divided into oscillation/frequency divider circuits 1. Tone generator section 2. Work/velope generation part 3. External input circuit 4. Control circuit 5. address counter 6, song information memory 7,
Amplifier 9. It is composed of a speaker 10.

The oscillation/branching circuit 1 includes, for example, a crystal oscillation circuit and a circuit box, and generates a basic clock for the device. The tone generator section 2 is a section that generates a corresponding frequency signal according to data output from the music information memory 7 (for example, composed of a ROM). Envelope generator 3
creates the length and envelope of the sound according to the data output from the song information memory 7. Input circuit 4 is for music selection.

This is a switch circuit that controls the start, transposition, tempo, etc. of a song. The control circuit 5 converts the switch input of the input circuit 4 into a signal and transmits it to each block. The address counter 6 specifies the address of the music information memory 7, and sequentially reads the music data stored in the music information memory 7, and according to the bead pattern, the scale, the note length, the tone (instrument), the strength of the sound, etc. Specifies sound effects (tremolo), stopping one song, etc.

In order to prepare a large number of songs, the song information memory 7 is configured separately from the LSI including the tone generator section 2, envelope generating section 3, etc. (for example, as an external ROM), and is provided in the device in a freely replaceable manner. is preferred.

FIG. 2 is a memory map diagram of the song information memory 7, clearly indicating the area for one song. Before the music data D1, basic waveform data D21 and envelope waveform data D3 used in the music are stored.

FIG. 3 shows the bit allocation of music data D+.

That is, the 16 bits of Bφ to BI5 each contain Bφ to
B3 (4 bits) Good...Scale hits B4-B7 (4 bits)...Long note length hits B8-B9 (2 bits)--
Combined octave bits B+o+Bu (2 bits)・
...Instrument recombination bit Node B1□, BI3 (2 bits)...Sound strength bit I3+4 (1 bit)...
Sound effect bit Bu5 (1 bit): Data capacity of 0 memory allocated like a stop hint> By the way, the tone generator section 2 in the embodiment of FIG. The data capacity of each memory of the envelope generating section 3 is as follows.

Scale division ratio memory 2-5 φ...9 bits x 12 scale basic waveform memory 2-8...8 pitches) X J-6 steps x 4 basic waveform note length frequency division ratio memory 3-3...8 Bit x 1 Shortest note length Note length division ratio memory 3-6 ・・a8 bits x 16 note length Envelope waveform memory 3-8 ・18 hits x 32 steps x 4 envelope waveform Basic waveform memo! j-2-8 and envelope waveform memory 3-1; t, which is composed of a rewritable RAM, etc., and prior to playback of the song, basic waveform data D21 envelope waveform data is stored from the song information memory 7. D3 is transferred and stored.

Transfer and storage will be described later, but playback of music will be explained first. That is, it is assumed that predetermined data is already stored in the basic waveform memory 2-8, envelope waveform memo', and l-3-8.

<Music playback> ■ When the address counter 6 reads out the music data DI in the music information memory 7, the
Among the patterns, Bφ~B++ (scale bit), B8~
J311 (octave bit, instrument recombination bit)
8 focus goes to tone generator section 2, still B4
~B7 (note length bit).

Nine bits of B+o=DB (instrument recombination bit, sound strength hit+sound 'P? effect bit) are transmitted to the envelope generating section 3.

B,5(,7,1-TSUKUHISO1-)U is transmitted to the control circuit 5. When "X1 //" is output to the B15 bit, the operation stops, but it starts!・When playing music, SS o// does not affect the operation in any way.

■ The 8 pitches 1~ are transmitted to the tone generator section 2.
Of these, 6 bits Bφ to B3, Bg, and B9 are input to the addition/subtraction circuit 2-6, and are stored in the scale division ratio memory 2-6.
5 and selects an octave using the octave selector 2-2.

The adder/subtracter circuit 2-6 controls the data of ()Bφ to B3, Bg, and B9 by the external switch input of the input circuit 4 to enable transposition and modulation. One of the fundamental frequencies f01 to f04 corresponding to the octave is selected.

The frequency divider circuit 2-1 is connected to the oscillation/frequency divider circuit 1, and prepares a fundamental frequency f oI''-f04 which is twice (1°2.4.8 times) the binary output of the frequency divider circuit 2-1.

Fundamental frequency f selected by octave selector 2-2
oi is input to the frequency dividing circuit 2-3 and frequency-divided. The 9-bit binary frequency divided output of the frequency dividing circuit 2-3 is output from the matching circuit 2-3.
, it is compared with the same 9-bit frequency division ratio output from the frequency division ratio memory 2-5 specified by the above address, and when they match, a pulse is output and the frequency division circuit 2-5 is
Reset 3.

The frequency of the pulses output in this -poem corresponds to each scale in each octave.

By the way, if the frequency division ratio is 12 values between 478 and 253 (expressed and expressed by 9 bits in binary code) for a reference frequency of 500 KHz, it is 1046 to 1.
Each scale frequency in the 975 Hz range can be obtained.

The octave can be changed by doubling the reference frequency.

(2) The coincidence detection pulse is further input to the frequency dividing circuit 2-7. The frequency dividing circuit 2-7 outputs the lower 4 pins of binary frequency division (16 steps) to the next stage basic waveform memo IJ-2-
It operates as a so-called address counter that specifies 8 addresses.

As mentioned above, the basic waveform memory 2-8 has an 8-bit configuration and stores data so as to form a waveform for one cycle of the scale frequency in 16 steps.

That is, octave selector 2-2. Matching circuit 2-4
The frequency output from is equivalent to 16 times the actual scale frequency, and one period of each scale frequency is divided into 16 by the frequency divider circuit 2-7, and the frequency is divided into 16 steps of the basic waveform memory 2-8. The address is specified repeatedly in sequence for the length of one note. The waveform data read out by this address specification is input to the D/A converter 2-9, and
A conversion is performed to form the basic waveform of the sound signal.

There are still song information memos in basic waveform memory 2-8! J-
7 colors B+o, 2 bits B11, 4th . A fifth 2-bit binary frequency division output C is input.

The BIO+Bl+ bit selects the waveform memory to be read according to the instrument recombination control, and the 2 bits C further divides the envelope into 4 regions in terms of time, and adds higher-order frequencies as the basic waveform as appropriate. etc., to increase the naturalness and ease of listening to the sound.

(2) On the other hand, among the 8 bits transmitted to the envelope generating section 3, 4 bits B4 to B7 are input to the note length division ratio memory 3-6 as address designations. Buo+
The 2 pins of Bu are still in the envelope waveform memory 3-8 as control bits for instrument recombination, BI2 + BI.
The 3 bits of 3 + BI4 are input to the arithmetic circuit 3-9 as a bino 1 for controlling the strength and weakness of the sound and sound effects (tremolo).

■ In the envelope generator 3, the frequency divider circuit 3"-1 first starts operating. The 6-bit binary frequency division output of the frequency divider circuit 3-1 is input to the matching circuit 3-2, and the tempo frequency division ratio memo" is inputted to the matching circuit 3-2.
, l-3-3. If they match, a pulse is generated and input to the subsequent frequency divider circuit 3-4. This pulse determines the time interval of the shortest note length.

If necessary, by operating the tempo control switch of the input circuit 4, the division ratio memo is entered in the addition/subtraction circuit 3-11. J-3
By adding or subtracting the frequency division ratio output of -3, the frequency division ratio can be changed to set an arbitrary tempo.

■ Note length division ratio memo! j-3-4 uses bits B4 to B704 as addresses to select and output 8-bit frequency division ratio data corresponding to each note length. Correspondingly, the match circuit 3-5 compares it with the 8-bit binary frequency division output of the frequency divider circuit 3-4, and outputs a pulse when they match. The output time interval of this pulse corresponds to each note length specified by 4 bits B4 to B7.

However, here as well, 32 pulses are output for each note length for the following reasons. That is, the frequency of the pulses output from the -number output circuits 3-2, 3-5, etc. is usually 32 times that of the general case. This pulse is input to the frequency dividing circuit 3-7 and frequency-divided.

■Envelope waveform memory 3-8u, 8-bit configuration, stores data to form one envelope waveform in 32 steps. Like the basic waveform described above, the envelope waveform is only compressed and expanded in time for each note length, and one envelope waveform must be read out for each note length. The frequency dividing circuit 3-7 serves as a so-called address counter for the envelope waveform memory 3-8.
The binary frequency-divided output of the lower 5 bits sequentially specifies the addresses of 32 steps in the envelope waveform memory 3-8 for each note length.

Ikkibayashi Bellogue waveform memo! , 1-3-8, the BHI+Bll bit selects the waveform memory to be read out and performs musical instrument recombination control in combination with the basic waveform selected in basic waveform memory 2-8. The 2-bit signal C is the upper one of the 5-bit binary frequency-divided output of the frequency divider circuit 3-7, and divides the envelope period into four equal parts.

■ The data read from the envelope waveform memory 3-8 is multiplied in the arithmetic circuit 3-9 based on the strength bit data of BI21B+3 and added/subtracted based on the sound effect (tremolo) bit data of B14 to modify the envelope waveform data. do. The modified data is D/A converted by 1)/A converter 3-10 to generate an envelope.

(The envelope is the D/A of tone generator section 2.
A level control signal is sent to the converter 2-9, D/
The A converter 2-9 multiplies the signal by the fundamental waveform and outputs an enveloped sound signal.

Sound (No. M is emitted from amplifier 9 and speaker 10 at 1-).

(2) When the frequency dividing circuit 3-7 counts 32 steps (one envelope read), it is reset, and the carry pulse is input to the address counter 6 to advance the address by one. As a result, the next song information bit pattern is read out from the song information memory 7, and the operations ① to ① described above are repeated.

0 In this way, the song information bit patterns are sequentially read out from the song information memory 7, and XX1" is set in the Bus bit.
is output, a stop signal is output from the control circuit 5, and each frequency dividing circuit 2-1.2-3.2-7.3-1
．． 3-4.3-7 is reset, the internal gate circuit is closed, and the series of operations is completed.

<Generation of musical instrument sounds> Basic waveforms include (a) sine wave, (b) sawtooth wave, (c) rectangular wave, (ω triangular wave, etc.) as shown in the time chart of Fig. 4. Basic waveforms In the waveform memory 2-8, one period of these waveforms is divided into 16 parts, 8 bits,
It is stored as digital data of 16 steps. The time charts in FIG. 5 (17 to (4)) show examples of envelope waveforms. The envelope is divided into 32 parts and stored in the envelope waveform memory 3-8 as digital data of 8 pips and 32 steps. The basic form of
The envelope waveform is just one example; there are various other basic waveforms,
There are envelope waveforms, but the waveform is not limited to these.

The sound of a musical instrument is composed of a combination of basic waveforms forming the envelope of these envelope waves, and by specifying the basic waveform and envelope, the musical instrument sound can be specified.

The data specifying the instrument sound is the instrument recombination bits Boo and BH output from the song information memory 7, and here, the instrument sound is set to 0, which allows the instrument sound to be switched for each note at most in one melody. Recombinant bit Bo
o, B++ data is basic waveform memo +) -2-8
+ Envelope waveform memo! J-3-8, and the corresponding fundamental waveform and envelope waveform are selected. For example, if (c) in Figure 4 is selected as the basic waveform and (2) in Figure 5 as the envelope waveform,
An instrument sound having a waveform as shown in FIG. 6 will be output.

As shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1, the selection of the musical instrument sound is performed by inputting data Ba corresponding to the musical instrument recombination pitches F Blo and BH from the control circuit 5 by operating a switch in the input circuit 4.
It is also possible to output a'+B11' and specify it arbitrarily from the outside.

The main functions will be explained in more detail below.

<Transposition/Modification, Tempo Adjustment> A code diagram of scale data (Bφ to B3 bits) is shown in FIG. 7, and a code diagram of note length data (B4 to B7 bits) is shown in FIG. Here, as shown in the figure, scale data and note length data are encoded in sequential correspondence with 4-bit binary codes. Note that the scale data is “oo
oo'' (code OH) indicates a rest, and the note length is set using note length data.

If we consider the transposition and transposition of a scale using the above code, it becomes addition and subtraction of a certain number of binary codes.

For example, moving up a semitone from C major changes it to D flat major. One octave with 8 circuits of C length is expressed as λ0100" (4 chords) ~ 1X1], ], 1" (code FH),
1st octave in D-flat major 10101” (Code 5
H) ~ 1 octave above XX0100” (code 4H)
So, it becomes the C major chord plus XO001". Also, if you lower the C major chord by a semitone, it becomes the major key. In this case, one octave of the major key is the chord "
X1111" (Code I" H), X of the same octave
The result is X0101" (Code 4 H) to ゝゝ1110" (Code E H), which is the result of subtracting X0OO1〃 from C major. The upper and lower octaves are SS by the above addition and subtraction.
Q I Q Q // (Code 4H) ~'1.11
It is represented by a carry and a borrow of 1〃 (code FH).

The addition/subtraction circuit 2-6 of the tone generator section 2 in FIG. 1 performs the above-mentioned addition/subtraction in response to the transposition/modulation switch input from the input circuit 4. If any number of tones above 6 can be set, transposition/transposition between one octave and one octave can be easily performed.

As for the tempo, the shortest note length can be changed by adding or subtracting an arbitrary number ()<inari code) to the output of the 6-bit frequency division ratio memory 3-3 using a similar addition/subtraction circuit 3-11.

Ease of hearing the sound> The 2-bit C signal input to the basic waveform memory 2-8 increases the naturalness of the sound and the ease of hearing the sound. In general, as shown in the typical envelope waveform of FIG. 5(1), 1. The time from the rise of the sound to the peak is the attack time chart, the time from the hold level is the decay time D, and the time at the hold level is the sustain time S.

The falling time is called release time R, and the basic waveform usually changes during this period. In this example, 2
The change in the 0 fundamental waveform, which is approximated by equally dividing the envelope period into four by the bit C signal, is as follows:
In many cases, slight changes can be made by adding higher-order frequencies.

In this case, since it is specified by the instrument recombination bits Boo + Bn and it is necessary to select the basic waveform in each of the four periods of the envelope, 4 x 4 basic waveforms are memorized and the data in basic waveform memory 2-8 is The capacity is 8 bits x 16 steps x (4 x 4) basic waveform.

Now, prior to playing such a song, the basic waveform data D2 + envelope waveform data D30 of the song information memory 7 are stored in the basic waveform memory 2-8. x Envelope waveform memo! Transfer and storage to j-3-8 is performed as follows. The basic waveform data D2 is Bφ~ of the song information memory 7.
The B7+envelope waveform data D3 is output corresponding to the B8 to Bus bits.

1, FIG. 9, and FIG. 10, which will be explained with reference to the block diagram in FIG. 1 and the time charts in FIGS. 9 and 10, show the main signal waveforms at the start and end of transfer in FIG. It shows.

<Start of transfer> (Fig. 9) Turn on the performance start switch of input circuit 4.
The pulse of the S signal (■) is output, and the MODE signal (■) becomes SS H" (1-inclusive state) and is output due to the F and S signals. The FS signal (■) is output from the frequency dividing circuit 2-7.3-
7 and address counter 6 to reset (clear) their contents.

The MODE signal ■ is used by the frequency dividing circuit 2-, which is performed during music playback.
This function cancels the reset function of the frequency divider circuit 2-7 every 16 steps and every 32 steps of the frequency divider circuit 3-7.When the MODE signal ■ is in the write state, the frequency divider circuit 2-7.
It operates to output full bit and 7-bit binary. As a result, addresses for 16 waveforms for the 16-step basic waveform and four waveforms for the 32-step envelope waveform can be specified.

AIP signal signal The pulse that increments the dress counter 6, W/R (W) signal ■ is the basic waveform memory
Pulse to enable writing to 2-7, wcp (W)
The signal ■ is a pulse that increments the frequency divider circuit 2-7,
W/R(E) signal ■ is an envelope waveform memo! , l-3
The wcp(E) signal ■, which is the pulse that makes −8 ready for writing, is the pulse that increments the frequency divider circuit 3-7.
The signal is sent from the control circuit 5 to each section at a predetermined timing in accordance with the generation of the FS signal (2).

Initially, the address counter 6 is 000H, so from the song information memory 7, 0 is specified by M (music designation signal).
Waveform data at address 0014 is read. Frequency divider 2-
7. Since 3-8 indicates 000H, the read data is written to the waveform memory 0001 (address) by the W/R (W) signal ■ and the W/R (E) signal ■, respectively.
wcp(w) signal■.

Each write address is prepared to 001H by the fall of the WCP(E) signal (2), and by the rise of the AIP signal, the read address of the music information memory 7 is counted up and the next waveform data is read out.

By continuing this operation, the waveform data is transferred and stored.

<Transfer end> (Figure 10) Writing of envelope waveform data is completed (divider circuit 3-7 is 7 bits, frequency divider circuit 2-7 is 8 bits, frequency divider circuit 3-7 is written first. When a full count is reached), the EPEW signal (2), which is a galley pulse, is sent from the frequency dividing circuit 3-7 to the control circuit 5, and the pulse generation of the W/R (E) signal (2) and the WCP (E) signal (2) is stopped. Thereafter, when the writing of the basic waveform data is completed, the EPWW signal is similarly sent from the frequency dividing circuit 2-7 to the signal power troll circuit 5.

When the control circuit 5 receives the pulses of the EPEW signal ■ and EPWW signal ■ signal power (not necessarily at the same time), it sets the MODE signal ■ to SI L'' (read state) and also outputs the pulses necessary for writing as described above. All generation is stopped.Also, since the address counter 6 in this state indicates the last address of the waveform data,
A CUP signal [phase] is sent to the address counter 6 to designate the first address of the music data D1. Thereafter, this music data is read out and the music playback operation described earlier begins.

Above, we have explained about the melody, but if you want to play multiple melodies at the same time, for example, for each melody, the tone generator section 2. Envelope generator 3.
It would be better if multiple sets of address counter 6 and song information memory 7 were provided. At this time, the waveform data can be simultaneously transferred and stored in each waveform memory from each song information memory in parallel, and in such a case, the control of the end of transfer is a simultaneous process, so the data is sent from the melody circuit. This shows that all the data for the four melodies was transferred.

As described above, the present invention allows musical instrument sounds to be set and played according to musical compositions, and provides a useful music playing device with a simple configuration and control and high practical value.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an overall circuit block diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a memory map diagram of a music information memory, FIG. 3 is a diagram showing bit allocation of music data in the music information memory, and FIG. a) to (d) are time charts showing examples of basic waveforms; FIG. 5 is a time chart showing examples of envelope waveforms; FIG. Fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of a code corresponding to each scale, Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of a code corresponding to each note length, and Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a code corresponding to each note length. Time chart shown, 1st
FIG. 0 is a time chart showing the first fixed part signal waveform at the end of waveform data transfer. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Oscillation/frequency dividing circuit, 2... Tone generator section, 3... Envelope generation section, 4... Input circuit. 5...Control circuit, 6...Address counter. 7...Song information memory, 2-8...Basic waveform memory. 3-8 Envelope waveform memo! J-, Bφ~B1...
・Scale bit + B4 to B7...Note length bit, Br
o +BI+ CB+a', Br1')"'Instrument recombinant Pino). Agent Patent attorney Yoshihiko Fukushi (and 2 others) Figure 4 Figure 6 820- Figure 5 Figure 7 Figure 8

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A first memory for storing music information in which bit patterns include basic waveform data, envelope waveform data, and at least scale data indicating the melody of a music piece and note length data that form musical instrument sounds; , ¥11 exchangeable second. a third memory means, and prior to playback of the music, the second
．． means for transferring and storing the basic waveform data and envelope waveform data in each of the third memory means; and one period of the frequency representing each scale in response to reading of the scale data from the first memory means. The basic waveform data is read out from the second memory means corresponding to the period of each note length, and the third waveform data is read out corresponding to the period of each note length in response to reading out the note length data from the first memory means. Read the envelope waveform data from the memory and create the melody of the song.
A musical piece performance device comprising: means for reproducing an instrument sound consisting of a combination of the read basic waveform and envelope waveform.