JP7522209B2 - 3D及びLiDARセンシングモジュール - Google Patents
3D及びLiDARセンシングモジュール Download PDFInfo
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- JP7522209B2 JP7522209B2 JP2022551766A JP2022551766A JP7522209B2 JP 7522209 B2 JP7522209 B2 JP 7522209B2 JP 2022551766 A JP2022551766 A JP 2022551766A JP 2022551766 A JP2022551766 A JP 2022551766A JP 7522209 B2 JP7522209 B2 JP 7522209B2
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- lighting module
- junction
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Images
Classifications
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- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
- H01S5/42—Arrays of surface emitting lasers
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- H01S5/18—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities
- H01S5/183—Surface-emitting [SE] lasers, e.g. having both horizontal and vertical cavities having only vertical cavities, e.g. vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers [VCSEL]
- H01S5/18386—Details of the emission surface for influencing the near- or far-field, e.g. a grating on the surface
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Description
[0106]図12は、様々な実装形態による2つの異なるVCSEL形態の断面構造図である。VCSEL1202は最も一般的に製造されているタイプである。VCSEL1201は、約630nmから1060nmまでの範囲のVCSEL波長に関して一般にGaAsである下部基板を含む。しかしながら、基板は、短波長VCSELの場合はGaNやサファイア、長波長VCSELの場合はInPなど、他の材料にすることもできる。この基板の上には、各層の厚さが発光波長の1/4である異なる屈折率の交互層で構成される分布ブラッグ反射器(DBR:distributed Bragg reflector)が成長する。これらの層は、多くの場合、nドープされる。この後に、注入されたキャリアが結合して光を放出するP-n接合を伴うアクティブ領域が続く。アクティブ領域の中心には量子井戸があり、これらの量子井戸は一般に850nm発光用のGaAs、赤色VCSEL発光用のGaInP、又は870nmより長い発光波長用のInGaAsである。量子井戸は障壁層によって分離され、量子井戸/障壁構造は、基板側がn型ドープされて上面がP型ドープされる閉じ込め層によって挟まれる。一例として、850nm発光の場合、量子井戸はGaAs、障壁層はx=0.25のAlxGa1-xAs、閉じ込め層はx=0.50のAlxGa1-xAsとなり得る。Pドープされた閉じ込め層の上に、P型にもドープされた1/4波長の厚さの層の積層体から構成される第2のDBRが堆積される。アクティブ領域の厚さの合計(量子井戸、障壁層、及び閉じ込め層)は、1光波長であってもよいが、半波長の任意の整数倍となり得る。この構造に代わるものは、ドーピング層を反転させて、構造の下部にP型ドーピング、且つ上部にn型ドーピングを伴うようにする。
[0121]図21は、2つのVCSELダイオードが示されるのを除き、先に図12に示した従来技術の共通カソードVCSEL2102を示す。VCSEL2101の底部を発端として、nドープ基板へのn金属接点がある。約650nmから1060nmの範囲のVCSEL波長の場合、この基板はGaAsである可能性が最も高いが、他の波長範囲ではInP又はGaNの可能性もある。基板の上部には、異なる屈折率を持つ2つの異なる組成の交互層から構成されるnドープDBRミラー層がエピタキシャル堆積される。例えば、2つの層は、GaAs及びAlAs又は三元AlGaAsの異なる組成となり得る。これに量子井戸ベースのダイオード接合が続く。ミラーの上部にはnドープされたスペーサ層があり、その後に名目上ドープされない多重量子井戸が続き、さらにPドープされたスペーサ層が続く。このアクティブ領域の上に、同様にGaAs、AlAs又はその三元AlGaAsから構成されるPドープDBRミラーが成長される。Pドープ層への金属接点が、構造体の上に堆積されてパターン化される。2つのダイオードが図21に示され、この場合、各ダイオードの周りでメサがエッチングされ、このメサは、下部のnドープミラーまで達し、したがってダイオードのP側を分離している。他の層よりもアルミニウム組成の高い1つの層(AlAs又はAlGaAsを含む非常に高いアルミニウム)が構造内で成長される。各ダイオードの周りでメサをエッチングした後、構造を蒸気に晒すと、結果として、この高アルミニウム含有層がAl2O3に変換される。酸化プロセスは、メサの中央に開口を残すように制御される。酸化物は絶縁性であるため、メサの中心に電流の流れを閉じ込める電流アパーチャがもたらされる。図2104は、VCSEL2102の回路レイアウトを表わし、それらが共通カソードを共有するが別個のアノード接点を有することを示している。
[0135]2つのn型ミラー及びトンネル接合を伴う前述のダイオード構造は、n-p-nHBTと一体化することによって3端子デバイスに組み込むこともできる。図31は、様々な実装形態による集積HBTを伴う共通アノードVCSEL3102を示す。VCSEL3102は、図22に関して説明したVCSEL2202と同様である。前述のように、底部から始まる層は、下部金属接点、nドープGaAs基板、nドープミラー、nスペーサ層、トンネル接合、酸化物アパーチャを含むPスペーサ、名目上ドープされていない多重量子井戸アクティブ領域、nスペーサ、及びnドープDBR上部ミラーを含む。しかしながら、この表面の上にはNPNHBT構造がある。VCSEL3102が約900nmを超える波長で発光するように設計される場合、この構造は、NドープGaAsコレクタ層、p+GaAsベース層、nドープInGaPエミッタ層、GaAsキャップ層、及び非合金接点層として機能するnドープInGaAs層を含んでもよい。酸化物電流閉じ込め層を形成できるように、VCSELダイオードの周囲をより大きい直径でエッチンする。nドープInGaPエミッタ層、GaAsキャップ、及びn+ドープInGaAs接点層の周りにより小さいメサがエッチングされる。p+GaAsベース層の上にP型金属接点が作成され、InGaAs接点層上にエミッタ金属コンタクトが堆積されてパターン化される。InGaAs接点層もチップ上面の発光領域からエッチング除去され、光がこの層に吸収されないようになっている。
[0152]前述のように、照明モジュールにおいて、VCSELの出力電力を監視し、制御でき得ることも重要である。これは光検出器で行なうことができ、検出器をVCSELチップと同じチップに組み込むことで、VCSELベースの照明モジュールのさらなる小型化を支援することができる。以下に、この組込みのアプローチについて説明する。
[0167]照明モジュールのサイズを小型化するための別の設計アプローチは、光学素子(レンズ、回折光学素子、ディフューザなど)をチップ上に直接に集積することである。これはチップの上面で行なうこともできるが、多くの場合、裏面発光形態と組み合わせて、チップの裏面に光学素子を付加することが好ましい。
Claims (20)
- 照明モジュールであって、
光を放出する複数の垂直共振器面発光レーザ(VCSEL:vertical cavity surface emitting laser)のアレイと、
前記複数のVCSELのアレイに電流を供給するように構成されるドライバと、
前記複数のVCSELのアレイによって放出される前記光を受けて前記照明モジュールから光パターンを出力するように構成される光学素子と、
を備え、
前記複数のVCSELのアレイが、光を放出するように構成される複数のVCSELの第1のセグメントと、複数のVCSELの前記第1のセグメントによって放出される光を検出するように構成される複数のVCSELの第2のセグメントとにセグメント化され、
前記複数のVCSELの前記第1のセグメント内の前記複数のVCSELは、第1の共通カソード及び第1の共通アノードを共有し、
前記複数のVCSELの前記第2のセグメント内の前記複数のVCSELは、前記複数のVCSELの前記第1のセグメント内の前記複数のVCSELと前記第1の共通カソードを共有し、前記第1の共通アノードとは別の第2の共通アノードをさらに共有する、照明モジュール。 - 前記複数のVCSELのアレイにおける少なくとも1つのVCSELが多接合VCSELを備える、請求項1に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記少なくとも1つのVCSELが集積ヘテロ接合バイポーラトランジスタ(HBT:heterojunction bipolar transistor)を含む、請求項2に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイが複数の底面発光VCSELである、請求項1に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイにおける少なくとも1つのVCSELが集積HBTを含む、請求項1に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記少なくとも1つのVCSELが底面発光VCSELである、請求項5に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイにおける各VCSELが集積HBTを含み、前記複数のVCSELのアレイが複数の行及び複数の列を備える、請求項1に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイにおける各VCSELが個別にアドレス指定可能であるように、各行における各VCSELが前記集積HBTの共通エミッタを共有し、各列における各VCSELが前記集積HBTの共通ベースを共有する、請求項7に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイにおける少なくとも1つのVCSELが多接合VCSELである、請求項7に記載の照明モジュール。
- 複数のVCSELの前記第1のセグメントに順バイアスがかけられ、複数のVCSELの前記第2のセグメントに逆バイアスがかけられる、請求項1に記載の照明モジュール。
- 複数のVCSELの前記第1のセグメントにおける少なくとも1つのVCSELが多接合VCSELである、請求項1に記載の照明モジュール。
- 複数のVCSELの前記第1のセグメントにおける少なくとも1つのVCSELが集積HBTを含む、請求項1に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記光学素子が前記複数のVCSELのアレイに組み込まれる、請求項1に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記光学素子が前記複数のVCSELのアレイの基板上に堆積される、請求項13に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイに隣り合って位置される光検出器をさらに備える、請求項13に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記光学素子の上に位置される光検出器をさらに備える、請求項13に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイにおける少なくとも1つのVCSELが多接合VCSELである、請求項13に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイにおける少なくとも1つのVCSELが集積HBTを含む、請求項13に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイが前記ドライバ及び光検出器を含む基板上にフリップチップ結合される、請求項13に記載の照明モジュール。
- 前記複数のVCSELのアレイが、前記ドライバに接続されるシリコンインターポーザ上にフリップチップ結合され、前記シリコンインターポーザが光検出器を含む、請求項13に記載の照明モジュール。
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EP4111559B1 (en) | 2024-10-02 |
US20240295635A1 (en) | 2024-09-05 |
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JP2023522559A (ja) | 2023-05-31 |
EP4111559A4 (en) | 2023-11-15 |
CN116325394A (zh) | 2023-06-23 |
KR20230120563A (ko) | 2023-08-17 |
US12007504B2 (en) | 2024-06-11 |
US20200278426A1 (en) | 2020-09-03 |
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