JP7509697B2 - 新規のケトン体生成化合物、組成物、方法およびその使用 - Google Patents
新規のケトン体生成化合物、組成物、方法およびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Description
この出願は、2018年11月1日に出願されたカナダ特許出願第3,022,995号(許可)および2018年6月12日に出願された米国仮出願第62/683,817号の優先権の利益を主張し、その内容はその全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
(i)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸(β-ヒドロキシ酪酸)と、
(ii)弱塩基官能基を含む弱塩基性ポリマーと、を含む化合物が含まれる。
本明細書で使用される「弱塩基性ポリマー」という用語は、1つ以上の弱塩基性モノマー単位を含み、例えば4.0~10.5の範囲のpKbを有する骨格を有するポリマーを指す。弱塩基性ポリマーはまた、特定のモノマーが弱塩基性官能基を有しないコポリマーであり得る。
そのすべての立体異性体を含む。
本開示は、β-ヒドロキシ酪酸および弱塩基性ポリマーの、摂取可能で口当たりの良いケトン体生成化合物に関する。一実施形態では、弱塩基性ポリマーは弱塩基官能基を含むモノマーからなり、各弱塩基官能基とBHBとの間のモル比は、約1:1である。さらなる実施形態では、β-ヒドロキシ酪酸および弱塩基性ポリマー(約1:1の比率で)を含む化合物は、水に溶解されるとヒドロゲルマトリックスを形成し、これは、BHBをマトリクス内に補足し、化合物を経口投与するときのBHBの不快な味を抑制する。さらなる実施形態では、ヒドロゲルマトリックスは、BHBの二量体、三量体、四量体およびオリゴマー、BHBのポリマーを含む追加のBHB、1,3-ブタンジオールおよび/もしくはアセト酢酸またはそれらのエステルなどの追加のケトン体生成前駆体を吸収および/または組み込むことができ、マトリックスがBHBおよび/または他の前駆体の味の中和を維持する。さらなる実施形態では、摂取時に、本開示の化合物は、対象に吸収されてケトン体生成を高めるBHBを放出するが、弱塩基性ポリマーは身体によって吸収されずに排泄される。
(i)3-ヒドロキシ酪酸(β-ヒドロキシ酪酸)と、
(ii)弱塩基官能基を含む弱塩基性ポリマーと、を含む化合物が含まれる。
(i)β-ヒドロキシ酪酸(BHB)と、
(ii)弱塩基官能基を含む弱塩基性ポリマーと、を含むヒドロゲルを含み、
BHBの対弱塩基官能基に対するモル比は、少なくとも約1:2であり、ヒドロゲルマトリックスを形成するのに好適である。
本開示の一実施形態では、本開示の化合物および/またはヒドロゲルは、対象に投与されたときに血流中のケトンレベルを増加させるのに有用である。さらなる実施形態では、化合物またはヒドロゲルは、食品、飲料、飲物、食品サプリメント、健康補助食品、機能性食品、栄養補助食品または薬剤の調製用に配合される。
グルコースのカルボキシメチル化の程度を1とみなし、したがってモノマーの分子量を242.2g/molとした。丸底フラスコ(150mL)に入れて急速に攪拌した温水(35℃、45mL)にナトリウム-CMC(1.38g、5.7mmol)粉末を加え、均一な懸濁液を得た。懸濁液を45~60分間撹拌すると、透明な溶液が得られた。BHB(0.62g、6.0mmol)を水(5mL)に溶解し、この溶液を35℃に保たれたナトリウム-CMC溶液にゆっくりと(15分間にわたって)加えた。反応混合物は数分以内に非常に粘稠になり、室温で4時間保持した。フラスコを真空マニホルドに取り付け、反応混合物の総質量がそれ以上減少しなくなるまで(12~16時間、1mT)動的真空下で乾燥させた。乾燥プロセスはマトリックスを形成させ、化合物はガラス状の半固体の外観を有していた。
市販のキトサンを水に懸濁すると、4~6の範囲のpHを示し、かなりの量のグルコサンモニウム残留物の存在を示唆している。キトサンをNaOH(10gキトサン/100mL、0.1M NaOH)に懸濁し、25℃で一晩撹拌した。懸濁液を中程度の多孔度のフリットで濾過し、キトサンを溶離液のpHが中性になるまで水で繰り返し洗浄した。キトサンモノマーの分子量は161.2g/molとした。
純粋なBHBのpHは2.3~2.6の間で変化し、pKaは約4.4である。しかしながら、純粋なBHBを弱塩基性ポリマーと混合して1:6のモル比(ポリマー:BHB)を超える化合物を形成すると、4±0.5の範囲のpHを持つ溶液が得られ、これは弱酸/弱塩基塩の緩衝効果と一致している。
弱塩基性ポリマーを含むBHBの配合物は、遊離BHBよりも嗜好性が大幅に向上していることを示している。21歳~70歳までの合計11人の個人が、BHB:弱塩基(モル比5:1)を含む配合物を少なくとも3回味見した。配合物は、75mlの水で希釈された合計5グラムのBHBを含む組成物を含んでいた。参加者は、配合物の味を1~10のスケールで採点するように求められた。BHB-キトサンの場合、参加者のスコアは平均7.3/10で、CMC-BHBの場合は9.2/10であった。すべての参加者は、75mlの水で希釈された5グラムの遊離BHBを含む配合物を以前にテストした。参加者は満場一致で、遊離BHB配合物の平均0/10のスコア付けをし、参加者は75mlもの少量さえも飲むことができなかった。嫌悪感のある(または耐えられない)味は別として、参加者は、プレーンなBHBのえぐみが摂取後の現時間にも残っていると不満を述べた。
BHBを含む本開示の化合物の味の改善は、ヒドロゲルのマトリックス構造がBHBの耐えられない味をマスキングする役割を果たしていることを示している。理論に拘束されるものではないが、化合物のマトリックスは、柔軟な水素結合ネットワークを拡張することによってBHB分子を組み込み、口腔内の味覚受容体からBHBを遮蔽すると考えられる。本開示の配合物では、BHBの量が多いにもかかわらず、ポリマー複合体の味は心地よく、マトリックスから逃げる遊離BHBの量が少ないか、または無視できることを示している。
ケトーシスの時間経過を決定するために、試験対象者に蒸留水で希釈したBHB-CMC複合体の試験物質を経口投与した。グルコースおよびBHBの血中濃度は、定義された時間点(試験物質の摂取後0、15、30、80、120および240分)において市販のグルコース/ケトンモニタリングシステム(Abbott FreeStyle Precision Neo(登録商標)血糖およびケトン計)を用いて決定した。
特許:
米国特許第6,323,237号
米国特許第8,642,654号
米国特許第9,138,420号
米国特許出願第2003/0022937号
米国特許出願第2010/0041751号
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Claims (27)
- a)β-ヒドロキシ酪酸(BHB)と、
b)弱塩基官能基を有するモノマーを含む、摂取可能および非消化性の弱塩基性ポリマーと、を含み、
前記弱塩基性ポリマーがカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムまたはキトサンである、化合物。 - BHBの前記弱塩基性モノマーに対するモル比が約1:1である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 前記BHBがラセミ混合物である、請求項1または2に記載の化合物。
- 前記BHBが50%を超えるD-異性体である、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- 前記BHBがD-BHBである、請求項4に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物が、以下の式を有し、
[(弱塩基性モノマー)+(BHB)-]x
式中、xは約2~約1000の整数である、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 前記弱塩基性ポリマーが、以下の式を有し、
[(glucNH2)n(glucNHAc)m]
式中、
(glucNH2)はグルコサミン残基であり、
(glucNHAc)はN-アセチルグルコサミン残基であり、
「m」は全残基の0%~約30%の範囲であり
「n」は全残基の70%~約100%の範囲であり、
残基の総数は約2~約1000である、請求項1に記載の化合物。 - 前記ポリマーが約9kD~約300kDの質量を有する、請求項7に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物が以下の構造を有する、請求項7に記載の化合物。
- 前記弱塩基性ポリマーが、以下の式を有し、
[(glu(CH2CO2)xMx]n(glu)m]
式中、
[glu(CH2CO2)xMx]はカルボキシメチルグルコース残基であり、
gluはグルコース残基であり、
x=1または2または3であり、Mは、電荷が+1または+2または+3の陽イオンであり、
「m」は全残基の0%~約30%の範囲であり、
「n」は全残基の70%~約100%の範囲であり、
残基の総数は約2~約1000である、請求項7に記載の化合物。 - 前記ポリマーが約9kD~約300kDの質量を有する、請求項10に記載の化合物。
- 前記化合物が以下の構造を有する、請求項10に記載の化合物。
- 前記BHBが耐えられない味を有し、前記化合物が前記耐えられない味を実質的に含まない、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 溶液中の前記BHBの濃度が少なくとも約1.0%(重量/体積)である、請求項13に記載の化合物。
- a)β-ヒドロキシ酪酸(BHB)と、
b)弱塩基官能基を有するモノマーを含む、摂取可能および非消化性の弱塩基性ポリマーと、
c)水と、を含むヒドロゲルであって、
前記弱塩基性ポリマーがカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムまたはキトサンであり、
BHBの前記弱塩基官能基に対するモル比が約1:1である、ヒドロゲル。 - 前記ヒドロゲルが追加のケトン体生成前駆体をさらに含む、請求項15に記載のヒドロゲル。
- 前記ケトン体生成前駆体がポリ-BHB、BHBのオリゴマー、1,3-ブタンジオール、および/もしくはアセト酢酸またはそれらのエステルである、請求項16に記載のヒドロゲル。
- 追加のBHBをさらに含む、請求項15に記載のヒドロゲル。
- BHBの弱塩基官能基に対する比が1対1よりも大きい、請求項18に記載のヒドロゲル。
- BHBの弱塩基官能基に対する比が約2対約1よりも大きい、請求項19に記載のヒドロゲル。
- BHBの弱塩基官能基に対する比が約5対約1よりも大きい、請求項20に記載のヒドロゲル。
- BHBの弱塩基官能基に対する比が約10対約1よりも大きい、請求項21に記載のヒドロゲル。
- 前記BHBがD-BHBである、請求項16~22のいずれか一項に記載のヒドロゲル。
- ケトンレベルを増加させるための薬剤であって、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の治療有効量の化合物、または請求項15~23のいずれか一項に記載のヒドロゲルを含み、BHBは耐えられない味を有し、前記化合物またはヒドロゲルは、前記耐えられない味を実質的に含まない、薬剤。
- ケトーシスを促進するため、体重減少を促進もしくは食欲を抑制するため、神経変性症状を予防もしくは治療するため、外傷性脳損傷を予防もしくは治療するため、筋肉障害もしくは筋肉疲労によって引き起こされる症状を治療するため、がんの予防もしくは治療の改善のため、糖尿病の治療のため、または血糖レベルを調節もしくは低下させるための、請求項24に記載の薬剤。
- ケトンレベルを増加させるための薬剤の調製のための、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の治療有効量の化合物、または請求項15~23のいずれか一項に記載のヒドロゲルの使用であって、BHBは耐えられない味を有し、前記化合物またはヒドロゲルは、前記耐えられない味を実質的に含まない、使用。
- ケトーシスを促進するため、体重減少を促進もしくは食欲を抑制するため、神経変性症状を予防もしくは治療するため、外傷性脳損傷を予防もしくは治療するため、筋肉障害もしくは筋肉疲労によって引き起こされる症状を治療するため、がんの予防もしくは治療の改善のため、糖尿病の治療のため、または血糖レベルを調節もしくは低下させるための、請求項26に記載の使用。
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EP3806906A1 (en) | 2021-04-21 |
WO2019237185A1 (en) | 2019-12-19 |
US20210275475A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 |
CA3022995A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
CA3022995C (en) | 2019-10-15 |
AU2019284234A1 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
KR20210018300A (ko) | 2021-02-17 |
US20230095764A1 (en) | 2023-03-30 |
JP2021527108A (ja) | 2021-10-11 |
EP3806906A4 (en) | 2022-03-16 |
CN112334155A (zh) | 2021-02-05 |
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