JP7472390B2 - 正極集電体、二次電池及び電力使用装置 - Google Patents
正極集電体、二次電池及び電力使用装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7472390B2 JP7472390B2 JP2023503201A JP2023503201A JP7472390B2 JP 7472390 B2 JP7472390 B2 JP 7472390B2 JP 2023503201 A JP2023503201 A JP 2023503201A JP 2023503201 A JP2023503201 A JP 2023503201A JP 7472390 B2 JP7472390 B2 JP 7472390B2
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012619 LiNi0.5Co0.25Mn0.25O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002991 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUBNQVSSTJZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.[Li+] Chemical compound P(=O)([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.C(C(=O)O)(=O)F.[Li+] AUBNQVSSTJZVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000265 Polyparaphenylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006172 Tetrafluoroethylene propylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VIEVWNYBKMKQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Mn].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Mn].[Li] VIEVWNYBKMKQIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Co]=O.[Ni].[Li] QTHKJEYUQSLYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYRDSFGUUQPYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FC(=O)C(F)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FC(=O)C(F)=O SYRDSFGUUQPYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[Si] Chemical compound [N].[Si] UMVBXBACMIOFDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- SOWHJXWFLFBSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum beryllium Chemical compound [Be].[Al] SOWHJXWFLFBSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007772 electroless plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940093499 ethyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCC CYEDOLFRAIXARV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;difluorophosphinate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]P(F)(F)=O IGILRSKEFZLPKG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001883 metal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001495 poly(sodium acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium polyacrylate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C=C NNMHYFLPFNGQFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000992 sputter etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
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-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
- H01M4/662—Alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/666—Composites in the form of mixed materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/531—Electrode connections inside a battery casing
- H01M50/536—Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
Description
Y-厚さ方向
1-電力使用装置
10-電池パック
11-下ボックス体
12-上ボックス体
20-電池モジュール
30-二次電池
31-トップカバーアセンブリ
32-ケース
40-電極アセンブリ
41-正極シート
42-タブ
50-正極集電体
60-正極活物質層
70-支持層
70a-第1の表面
70b-第2の表面
80-導電層
81-第1の金属部
810-サブ層
811-第1のサブ層
812-第2のサブ層
813-第3のサブ層
82-第2の金属部
90-保護層
サブ層813に必要な溶融エネルギーの差が大きく、溶融が発生した時に、第2のサブ層812は、第1のサブ層811及び第3のサブ層813とそれぞれ浸透接合可能であり、これによって、各層間の接合力を高め、第1の金属部81内の各層のサブ層810にフレーキングや層間剥離が発生する可能性を低下させる。
Claims (16)
- 高分子材料及び高分子系複合材料のうちの1種又は複数種を含む支持層と、
前記支持層の少なくとも1つの表面に位置し、タブに接続されるための第1の金属部を備える導電層と、を含み、
前記第1の金属部は、前記導電層の厚さ方向に沿って、3層以上のサブ層を備え、前記3層以上のサブ層の融点は、前記支持層に近い方向から前記支持層から離れる方向への勾配で上昇する、
正極集電体。 - 前記第1の金属部は、金属マトリックス及びドープ元素を含み、
前記金属マトリックスは、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム系合金から選択され、及び/又は
前記ドープ元素は、ベリリウム、カルシウム、カドミウム、セリウム、インジウム、ランタン、リチウム、ネオジム、ニッケル、パラジウム、プラセオジム、サマリウム、スズ、イットリウム、イッテルビウム、亜鉛、ガリウム、ゲルマニウム、ケイ素、ウラン、マグネシウム及び銅のうちの1種又は複数種から選択される、
請求項1に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記第1の金属部の質量含有率Wを100%とした場合、前記ドープ元素の質量含有率W1は、0.5%~10%であり、前記金属マトリックスの質量含有率W2は、90%~99.5%である、
請求項2に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記高分子材料は、ポリアミド、ポリイミド、ポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリブチレンテレフタレート、ポリエチレンナフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、ポリプロピレンエチレン、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン-スチレン共重合体、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリスチレン、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム、ポリアセチレン、シリコーンゴム、ポリオキシメチレン、ポリフェニレンエーテル、ポリフェニレンスルファイド、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリ窒化硫黄系、ポリフェニル、ポリピロール、ポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン、ポリピリジン、セルロース、澱粉、蛋白質、エポキシ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、それらの誘導体、それらの架橋物及びそれらの共重合体のうちの1種又は複数種を備え、
前記高分子系複合材料は、前記高分子材料及び金属材料を備える、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記高分子系複合材料の質量含有率を100%とした場合、前記金属材料のドープ量は、10%以下であり、及び/又は
前記金属材料のD50は、5μm以下であり、D50とは、前記金属材料の累積体積分率が50%に達した時に対応する粒径、即ち、体積分布中央粒径である、
請求項4に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記第1の金属部の融点と前記支持層の融点との比値は、R4であり、1.35≦R4≦10である、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記第1の金属部の融点は、540℃~650℃であり、及び/又は
前記支持層の融点は、65℃~400℃である、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記導電層は、正極活物質層に接続されるための第2の金属部を含み、前記第2の金属部の融点は、600℃~660℃である、
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記第1の金属部の厚さと前記第2の金属部の厚さとの比値は、Aであり、1.01≦A≦3である、
請求項8に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記第1の金属部は、前記導電層の厚さ方向に沿って、第1のサブ層、第2のサブ層及び第3のサブ層を含み、前記第3のサブ層は、前記支持層の表面に位置し、前記第2のサブ層は、前記第3のサブ層における前記支持層から離れる一側に位置し、前記第1のサブ層は、前記第2のサブ層における前記支持層から離れる一側に位置し、
前記第1のサブ層は、第1の金属マトリックスを含み、及び/又は
前記第2のサブ層は、第2の金属マトリックス及び第2のドープ元素を含み、及び/又は
前記第3のサブ層は、第3の金属マトリックス及び第3のドープ元素を含み、
前記第1の金属マトリックス、前記第2の金属マトリックス及び前記第3の金属マトリックスは、それぞれ独立に、アルミニウム又はアルミニウム系合金から選択され、及び/又は
前記第2のドープ元素及び前記第3のドープ元素は、それぞれ独立に、ベリリウム、カルシウム、カドミウム、セリウム、インジウム、ランタン、リチウム、ネオジム、ニッケル、パラジウム、プラセオジム、サマリウム、スズ、イットリウム、イッテルビウム、亜鉛、ガリウム、ゲルマニウム、ケイ素、ウラン、マグネシウム及び銅のうちの1種又は複数種から選択される、
請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記第1の金属マトリックスは、アルミニウムから選択され、及び/又は
前記第2の金属マトリックスは、アルミニウムから選択され、前記第2のドープ元素は、カルシウム、セリウム、ランタン、リチウム、ネオジム、ニッケル、パラジウム、プラセオジム、サマリウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム、ウラン及び銅のうちの1種又は複数種から選択され、前記第2のドープ元素は、金属間化合物を形成するためのものであり、前記金属間化合物は、前記第2のサブ層にドープされ、及び/又は
前記第3の金属マトリックスは、アルミニウムから選択され、前記第3のドープ元素は、カルシウム、セリウム、ランタン、リチウム、ネオジム、ニッケル、パラジウム、プラセオジム、サマリウム、イットリウム、イッテルビウム、ウラン及び銅のうちの1種又は複数種から選択され、前記第3のドープ元素は、金属間化合物を形成するためのものであり、前記金属間化合物は、前記第3のサブ層にドープされる、
請求項10に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記第1のサブ層の融点と前記第2のサブ層の融点との比値は、R1であり、1<R1≦1.1であり、及び/又は
前記第2のサブ層の融点と前記第3のサブ層の融点との比値は、R2であり、1<R2≦1.2であり、及び/又は
前記第3のサブ層の融点と前記支持層の融点との比値は、R3であり、1.35≦R3≦9.23である、
請求項10又は11に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記第1のサブ層の融点は、650℃~660℃であり、
前記第2のサブ層の融点は、600℃~650℃であり、
前記第3のサブ層の融点は、540℃~600℃である、
請求項10~12のいずれか1項に記載の正極集電体。 - 前記正極集電体は、保護層をさらに含み、前記保護層は、前記導電層における厚さ方向に対向する2つの表面のうちの少なくとも一方に設けられる、
請求項1~13のいずれか1項に記載の正極集電体。 - 正極シート、セパレータ及び負極シートを含み、前記正極シートは、請求項1~14のいずれか1項に記載の正極集電体と、前記正極集電体の少なくとも1つの表面に形成される正極活物質層と、を含む、
二次電池。 - 電気エネルギーを供給するための請求項15に記載の二次電池を含む、
電力使用装置。
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