JP7462946B2 - 呼吸筋を強化するためのシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
呼吸筋を強化するためのシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A61B5/45—For evaluating or diagnosing the musculoskeletal system or teeth
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- A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
- A61B5/6847—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive mounted on an invasive device
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- A61N1/3605—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
- A61N1/3606—Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
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Description
本願は、2017年12月11日に提出された米国特許出願第15/837,519号に対する優先権を主張し、その開示全体は、参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み入れられる。
全般的に、本明細書で言及したすべての公開、特許出願、及び特許は、あたかも各個々の文書が参照により組み込まれることが具体的に個別に示されているかのように、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
いくつかの態様では、患者の呼吸筋を刺激する方法は、(a)呼吸筋を活性化できる神経に隣接して刺激装置を配置すること、(b)24時間の患者の呼吸の少なくとも90%に対して外部呼吸補助を提供すること、(c)刺激装置を作動させて、呼吸筋を24時間で累積5時間以内収縮させること、(d)ステップ(b)と(c)を48時間繰り返すこと、及び(e)患者から外部呼吸補助を取り外すことを含み得る。方法は、患者から外部呼吸補助を取り外した後、少なくとも1日の間ステップ(c)を繰り返すことをさらに含み得る。
前述のように、本明細書に記載のシステム及び方法は、患者が外部呼吸補助(例えば、血液ガスを修正または他の方法で強化し、及び/または患者の呼吸の仕事を減らすのに役立つ任意のデバイスまたは方法)を受ける必要性を低減または排除し得る。外部呼吸補助を受けている多くの患者は呼吸筋の萎縮に苛まれているため、本明細書に記載のシステム及び方法を使用して、これらの筋肉の強度を時間をかけて構築することができる。後述するように、比較的少数の刺激サイクルは、患者がもはや外部呼吸補助を必要としなくなるまで、呼吸筋の強さを大幅に改善することができる。
・刺激パルス幅または刺激パルス長:電気刺激パルスが送達される時間であり、一般に10~1200マイクロ秒、または100~300マイクロ秒の範囲である。
・刺激から刺激までの休息:治療セットまたは治療セッションのいずれかにおける、連続して刺激される横隔膜の収縮の間の休息期間。1つの例では、0.5秒から120秒の範囲である。刺激が一定期間それぞれの患者の呼吸に与えられる場合、刺激から刺激までの休息は、0.5から4秒の範囲であり得る。あるいは、代替的な例として、患者の筋肉を休息させたり、各刺激または刺激される呼吸の間に患者が外部呼吸補助を受けたりすることができる場合、刺激から刺激までの休息期間は最長で30秒以上にすることができる。
・治療セッションあたりの刺激:結果として、通常1~150、またはより具体的には10~50の範囲の明確な筋収縮が発生する、治療セッション中の刺激パルス列の数。
・セッションからセッションまでの休息期間:治療セッション同士の間の時間は、1時間以上、2時間以上、または3時間以上の場合がある。毎日1つのセッションが提供される例では、休息期間は約24時間であり得る。
・1日あたりの治療セッション:1日あたりの治療セッション数は1~3セッションで、各セッションには10~150回の刺激が含まれ得る。持続時間が約5分以下などの比較的短い治療セッションの場合、状況によっては、特定の患者が1時間に1回または2回の治療セッションを、1日に数時間にわたって受けることが望ましい場合がある。状況によっては、治療セッションが日中の時間に制限され、患者が夜通し回復する機会が与えられる場合がある。
一実施形態では、操作者は、通常1から150回の刺激に及ぶ治療セットまたは治療セッションのいずれかに対して、操作者インターフェースを介してシステムに関与し、所望の数の刺激パルス列(刺激)を選択して、標的神経または筋肉に送達することができる。あるいは、所望であれば刺激の数を増やすことができる。操作者は、各刺激の持続時間と、各刺激の供給同士の間隔時間、刺激の期間を選択できる。一例では、刺激の各パルスのパルス幅は、50~300マイクロ秒であり得るが、代替としてこの範囲外であってもよい。刺激から刺激までの休息期間、セットまたは治療セッションにおける連続する刺激の間の時間は、0.5~60秒の間であり得る。いくつかの例では、操作者は、様々なランプ形状及び他の特性を含む刺激パルスの振幅及びプロファイルを選択することもできる。プロファイルは、刺激エネルギーが神経に送達される方法、アレイから神経への位置、刺激される筋肉のタイプ、及びそれらの治療のその段階で各患者に望まれる刺激のレベルに応じて異なる場合がある。
本明細書に記載される任意の例において、刺激装置は、複数の電極のセットを含み得る。第1のセットの電極は、第1の神経または直接呼吸筋に治療を送達するために使用でき、第2のセットの電極は、同じ治療(例えば、同じ刺激パターン)を、同じまたは異なる筋肉を活性化するべく同じまたは異なる神経に送達する、または異なる筋肉に直接送達するために使用され得る。
別の例では、患者がもはや外部呼吸補助を必要としなくなるまで、または、患者が外部呼吸補助をもはや必要としないか、もはや受けていない時間から最長48時間、治療セッションを管理することができる。
さらに、本明細書に記載される任意の治療処置のステップは、複数の神経及び複数の呼吸筋に関して実行されてもよい。複数の神経(及び1つ以上の呼吸筋)の刺激を同期させて、患者の1つまたは複数の筋肉を同時に刺激することができる。この同期を達成するために、選択された電極の2つ以上の組み合わせが、治療セッションの最中に同時に活性化され得る。例えば、第1のセットの電極が最大100回電気信号を放出する場合、第2のセットの電極は最大100回電気を放出でき、第2のセットの各放出は第1のセットの電極の放出に対応する。一例では、第1及び第2のセットの電極を使用して、左右の横隔神経を刺激して、左右の半横隔膜の同期した収縮を引き起こすことができる。別の例では、第1のセットを使用して横隔膜を刺激することができ、第2のセットを使用して肋間筋を刺激することができる。両方の刺激は、患者の呼吸サイクルで同時に発生できる。さらに別の例では、患者の人工呼吸器または他の外部呼吸補助の吸気期間中に、患者の神経/筋肉を刺激することができる。
Claims (14)
- 患者の呼吸筋を刺激するためのシステムであって、
前記呼吸筋を活性化することができる神経に隣接して配置するための刺激装置と、
前記刺激装置に刺激エネルギーを供給するための信号発生器と、
前記刺激エネルギーに対する前記呼吸筋の反応を検出するためのセンサと、
コントローラであって、
i.前記信号発生器に刺激エネルギーを前記刺激装置へ供給させて、前記呼吸筋の少なくとも1回かつ100回以下の収縮のみを引き起こし、
ii.前記少なくとも1回かつ100回以下の収縮のみを引き起こした後、前記刺激装置へ刺激エネルギーを供給しない1~48時間の期間を前記信号発生器に提供させる
ようにプログラムされたコントローラと
を含む、システム。 - 前記刺激エネルギーは、電気的エネルギーまたは電磁エネルギーを含むエネルギー形態で送達され、前記刺激装置が、神経刺激用電極、気管内用電極、食道内用電極、血管内用電極、経皮用電極、皮内用電極、電磁ビーム電極、バルーン型電極、バスケット型電極、傘型電極、テープ型電極、吸引型電極、ねじ型電極、バーブ型電極、双極電極、単極電極、金属電極、ワイヤ電極、パッチ電極、カフ電極、クリップ電極、針電極、またはプローブ電極の1つ以上を含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラに通信可能に連結されたスイッチをさらに備え、
前記スイッチは、ハンドスイッチ、フットスイッチ、タッチスクリーン、音声作動スイッチ、またはリモートスイッチのうちの1つを含み、前記スイッチは、ため息の呼吸の開始、刺激治療の開始、刺激治療の停止、刺激パラメータの増加、または刺激パラメータの減少を行うことが可能である、請求項1または2に記載のシステム。 - 前記刺激エネルギーは、機械的エネルギー、電気的エネルギー、超音波エネルギー、フォトニックエネルギー、または電磁エネルギーのうちの少なくとも1つを含むエネルギー形態によって送達される、請求項1または3に記載のシステム。
- 前記神経が第1の横隔神経であり、前記刺激装置が、前記第1の横隔神経に隣接して配置された第1のセットの電極及び第2の横隔神経に隣接して配置された第2のセットの電極を含む、請求項1乃至4のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記センサは、気道圧センサであり、前記センサは、最大吸気圧を検出するように構成されている、請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、
最大吸気圧の所定の値を選択し、
最大吸気圧の前記所定の値を検出すると、刺激エネルギーの供給を停止する
ようにさらにプログラムされている、請求項6に記載のシステム。 - 前記コントローラは、刺激閾値を判定するようにさらにプログラムされている、請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 外部呼吸補助システムをさらに備える、請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記外部呼吸補助システムから圧力データまたは体積データの少なくとも1つを受信するようにさらにプログラムされている、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記コントローラは、前記外部呼吸補助システムによって提供される呼吸補助のタイミングまたは程度を調整するようにさらにプログラムされている、請求項9または10に記載のシステム。
- 前記刺激エネルギーは、1つまたは複数の刺激パラメータを含み、前記コントローラは、
前記センサから収縮信号を受信し、
前記収縮信号に基づいて1つまたは複数の刺激パラメータを調整する
ようにさらにプログラムされている、請求項1乃至11のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記収縮は、第1の収縮であり、前記コントローラは、
前記1~48時間の期間後に、前記信号発生器に刺激エネルギーを前記刺激装置へ供給させて、前記呼吸筋の少なくとも1回かつ100回以下の第2の収縮のみを引き起こし、
前記少なくとも1回かつ100回以下の第2の収縮のみを引き起こした後、前記刺激装置へ刺激エネルギーを供給しない30秒~2時間の期間を前記信号発生器に提供させる
ようにさらにプログラムされている、請求項1乃至12のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。 - 前記刺激装置は、複数の電極を含み、前記コントローラは、前記複数の電極のうちの電極の組み合わせを決定するようにさらにプログラムされている、請求項1、3、4、および6-13のいずれか一項に記載のシステム。
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CN111565792A (zh) | 2020-08-21 |
EP3727571A4 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
JP2021505299A (ja) | 2021-02-18 |
US20190175908A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
EP3727571A1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
US20240325748A1 (en) | 2024-10-03 |
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