JP7441534B2 - ロドコッカス属細菌由来ナノ小胞およびその用途 - Google Patents
ロドコッカス属細菌由来ナノ小胞およびその用途 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(a)正常ヒトおよび被検者のサンプルから分離した小胞からDNAを抽出する段階;
(b)前記抽出したDNAに対して16S rDNAに存在する遺伝子配列に基づいて作製したプライマーペアを用いてPCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)を行う段階;および
(c)前記PCR産物の定量分析を通じて正常ヒトに比べてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の含量が低い場合、肺癌、すい臓癌、胆管癌、乳癌、膀胱癌、リンパ腫、糖尿病、脳卒中、心筋梗塞、喘息、COPD、または認知症に分類する段階。
(a)正常ヒトおよび被検者のサンプルから分離した小胞からDNAを抽出する段階;
(b)前記抽出したDNAに対して16S rDNAに存在する遺伝子配列に基づいて作製したプライマーペアを用いてPCRを行った後、それぞれのPCR産物を取得する段階;および
(c)前記PCR産物の定量分析を通じて正常ヒトに比べてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の含量が低い場合、肺癌、すい臓癌、胆管癌、乳癌、膀胱癌、リンパ腫、糖尿病、脳卒中、心筋梗塞、喘息、COPD、または認知症と判定する段階。
(a)正常ヒトおよび被検者のサンプルから分離した小胞からDNAを抽出する段階;
(b)前記抽出したDNAに対して16S rDNAに存在する遺伝子配列に基づいて作製したプライマーペアを用いてPCRを行った後、それぞれのPCR産物を取得する段階;および
(c)前記PCR産物の定量分析を通じて正常ヒトに比べてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の含量が低い場合、肺癌、すい臓癌、胆管癌、乳癌、膀胱癌、リンパ腫、糖尿病、脳卒中、心筋梗塞、喘息、COPD、または認知症に分類する段階。
細菌と細菌由来小胞が粘膜を通じて全身的に吸収されるかを評価するために、下記のような方法で実験を行った。蛍光で標識した腸内細菌と腸内細菌由来小胞をそれぞれ50μgの用量でマウスの胃腸に投与し、0分、5分、3時間、6時間、12時間後に蛍光を測定した。マウス全体イメージを観察した結果、図1aに示されたように、細菌である場合には、全身的に吸収されなかったが、細菌由来小胞である場合には、投与後5分に全身的に吸収され、投与3時間後には、膀胱に蛍光が濃く観察されて、小胞が泌尿器系に排泄されることが分かった。また、小胞は、投与12時間まで体内に存在することが分かった(図1a参照)。
血液または尿をまず10mlチューブに入れ、遠心分離法(3,500×g、10min、4℃)で浮遊物を沈殿させ、上澄み液のみを新しい10mlチューブに移した。0.22μmフィルターを使用して細菌および異物を除去した後、セントリプレップチューブ(centrifugal filters 50kD)に移して1500×g、4℃で15分間遠心分離して、50kDより小さい物質は捨て、10mlまで濃縮させた。さらに、0.22μmフィルター(filter)を使用してバクテリアおよび異物を除去した後、Type 90tiローターで150,000×g、4℃で3時間超高速遠心分離方法を使用して上澄み液を捨て、固まったペレット(pellet)を生理食塩水(PBS)で溶かした。
実施例2の方法で肺癌患者126人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト198人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて肺癌患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表2および図2a参照)。
実施例2の方法ですい臓癌患者176人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト271人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べてすい臓癌患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表4および図3参照)。
実施例2の方法で胆管癌患者79人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト159人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて胆管癌患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表5および図4参照)。
実施例2の方法で乳癌患者107人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト129人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて乳癌患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表6および図5参照)。
実施例2の方法で膀胱癌患者91人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト176人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて膀胱癌患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表7および図6参照)。
実施例2の方法でリンパ腫患者81人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト86人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べてリンパ腫患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表8および図7参照)。
実施例2の方法で糖尿病患者114人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト132人の血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて糖尿病患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表9および図8参照)。
実施例2の方法で脳卒中患者124人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト142人の血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて脳卒中患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表10および図9参照)。
実施例2の方法で心筋梗塞患者57人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト113人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて心筋梗塞患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表11および図10参照)。
実施例2の方法で心筋梗塞患者135人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト164人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて喘息患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表12および図11参照)。
実施例2の方法でCOPD患者205人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト231人の血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べてCOPD患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表13および図12参照)。
実施例2の方法で認知症患者72人と年齢と性別をマッチングした正常ヒト93人の血液を対象として、血液内に存在する小胞から遺伝子を抽出してメタゲノム解析を行った後、ロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞の分布を評価した。その結果、正常ヒトの血液に比べて認知症患者の血液においてロドコッカス属細菌由来小胞が有意に減少していることを確認した(表14および図13参照)。
前記実施例の結果を基に、ロドコッカス属細菌に属するロドコッカス・エクイ菌株を培養した後、その小胞を分離した。ロドコッカス・エクイ菌株を37℃嫌気性チャンバーで吸光度(OD600)が1.0~1.5になるまでBHI(brain heart infusion)培地で培養した後、継代培養した。以後、菌株が含まれていない培地の上澄み液を回収して10,000g、4℃で15分間遠心分離し、0.45μmフィルターに濾過した後、濾過した上澄み液を100kDa hollowフィルターメンブレンでQuixStand benchtop system(GE Healthcare,UK)を用いて限外濾過(ultrafiltration)を通じて200ml体積で濃縮した。以後、濃縮させた上澄み液をさらに0.22μmフィルターでフィルタリングし、濾過された上澄み液を150,000g、4℃で3時間超遠心分離した後、ペレットをDPBS(Dulbecco’s Phosphate Buffered Saline)で懸濁した。次に、10%、40%、and 50%オプティプレップ溶液(Axis-Shield PoC AS,Norway)を用いて密度勾配遠心分離を行い、低密度溶液の製造のためにオプティプレップ溶液をHEPES-buffered saline(20mM HEPES、150mM NaCl,pH7.4)に希釈して利用した。200,000g、4℃条件で2時間の間遠心分離を行った後、上層から1mlの同じボリュームで分画された各溶液を150,000g、4℃条件で3時間追加で超遠心分離を実施した。以後、BCA(Bicinchoninic acid)assayを用いてタンパク質を定量し、得られた小胞に対して実験を実施した。
ロドコッカス・エクイ由来小胞が炎症細胞で炎症メディエーターの分泌に対する影響を調べるために、マウスマクロファージ細胞株であるRaw 264.7細胞にロドコッカス・エクイ由来小胞を多様な濃度(0.1、1、10μg/ml)で処理した後、炎症疾患病原性小胞である大腸菌由来小胞(E.coli EV)を処理して炎症メディエーター(IL-6、TNF-α)の分泌量を測定した。より具体的に、Raw 264.7細胞を1×105個ずつ24-well細胞培養プレートに分注した後、24時間DMEM(Dulbeco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium)完全培地で培養させた。以後、培養の上澄み液を1.5mlチューブに集めて、3000gで5分間遠心分離して、上澄み液を集めて4℃に保管しておいて、ELISA分析を進めた。その結果、ロドコッカス・エクイ由来小胞を前処理した場合、大腸菌由来小胞によるIL-6およびTNF-αの分泌が顕著に抑制されることを確認した(図14aおよび14b参照)。これは、大腸菌由来小胞のような病原性小胞により誘導される炎症反応をロドコッカス・エクイ由来小胞が効率的に抑制することができることを意味する。
脳由来神経栄養因子(Brain-derived neurotrphic factor,BDNF)は、神経細胞の損傷時に神経細胞を保護する主な媒介体であって、認知症、うつ病、アルツハイマー病、および自閉症等の脳神経疾患で発現が減少している。本実施例では、ロドコッカス・エクイ由来小胞の脳神経疾患に対する治療効果を評価するために、神経細胞にストレスホルモンを処理して神経細胞保護効果を評価した。すなわち、神経細胞(hippocampal neuronal cell line,HT22 cells)を副腎皮質ホルモン(GC:corticosterone 400ng/ml)またはロドコッカス・エクイ由来小胞(EV、20μg/ml)とともに24時間体外で培養した後、BDNFの発現をPCR方法で評価した。
Claims (14)
- ロドコッカス・エクイ(Rhodococcus equi)由来小胞を有効成分として含む、抗炎症用または脳神経疾患の予防もしくは治療用薬学的組成物(但し、ロドコッカス・エクイ生菌を含有する組成物を除く)。
- 炎症性肺疾患又は脳神経疾患の予防又は治療用である、請求項1に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記炎症性肺疾患は、喘息、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、急性肺損傷(acute lung injury)、膿胸、肺膿瘍、肺炎、肺結核および気管支炎からなる群より選ばれる1つ以上である、請求項2に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記脳神経疾患は、うつ病、強迫性障害、統合失調症、認知症、アルツハイマー病、てんかん、自閉症、およびパーキンソン病からなる群より選ばれる1つ以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記小胞は、平均直径が10~200nmである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- 前記小胞は、ロドコッカス・エクイから自然的または人工的に分泌される、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的組成物。
- ロドコッカス・エクイ(Rhodococcus equi)由来小胞を有効成分として含む、抗炎症用または脳神経疾患の予防もしくは改善用食品組成物(但し、ロドコッカス・エクイ生菌を含有する組成物を除く)。
- 前記小胞は、平均直径が10~200nmである、請求項7に記載の食品組成物。
- 前記小胞は、ロドコッカス・エクイから自然的または人工的に分泌される、請求項7または8に記載の食品組成物。
- ロドコッカス・エクイ(Rhodococcus equi)由来小胞を有効成分として含む、抗炎症用または脳神経疾患の予防または治療用吸入剤組成物(但し、ロドコッカス・エクイ生菌を含有する組成物を除く)。
- ロドコッカス・エクイ(Rhodococcus equi)由来小胞を有効成分として含む、抗炎症用化粧料組成物(但し、ロドコッカス・エクイ生菌を含有する組成物を除く)。
- 炎症性皮膚疾患の予防又は改善用である、請求項11に記載の化粧料組成物。
- ロドコッカス・エクイ(Rhodococcus equi)生菌から分離されたロドコッカス・エクイ(Rhodococcus equi)細菌由来小胞の、
抗炎症用もしくは脳神経疾患の予防もしくは治療用の薬剤、抗炎症用もしくは脳神経疾患の予防もしくは改善用の食品組成物、抗炎症用もしくは脳神経疾患の予防もしくは治療用の吸入剤組成物、または抗炎症用の化粧料組成物の生産のための、使用。 - 前記炎症性皮膚疾患は、アトピー性皮膚炎、にきび、脱毛、および乾癬からなる群より選ばれる1つ以上である、請求項12に記載の化粧料組成物。
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