JP7437516B2 - 電気化学装置及びこれを含む電子装置 - Google Patents
電気化学装置及びこれを含む電子装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7437516B2 JP7437516B2 JP2022544320A JP2022544320A JP7437516B2 JP 7437516 B2 JP7437516 B2 JP 7437516B2 JP 2022544320 A JP2022544320 A JP 2022544320A JP 2022544320 A JP2022544320 A JP 2022544320A JP 7437516 B2 JP7437516 B2 JP 7437516B2
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- negative electrode
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- lithium
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
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- 229910013528 LiN(SO2 CF3)2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019440 Mg(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002367 SrTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004699 Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- LFGCRXJVHVKZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[Li+] LFGCRXJVHVKZKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEMGCAOEZNBNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[Li] Chemical compound [P].[Li] OEMGCAOEZNBNAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNQXJPARXFUULZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxolane Chemical compound C1COOC1 SNQXJPARXFUULZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000555 isopropenyl group Chemical group [H]\C([H])=C(\*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001540 lithium hexafluoroarsenate(V) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
- H01M50/461—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Description
以下では、本発明の技術案をよりよく説明するために、いくつかの具体的な実施例及び比較例を挙げ、且つそれぞれ、負極の表面粗さ及び厚さ、負極とセパレータとの粘着力、電気化学装置(リチウムイオン電池)の容量及びサイクル厚さ膨張率を測定しました。
1.1表面粗さ及び厚さ測定:
共焦点レーザー走査型顕微鏡(Olympus、LEXT 0LS3100)を用いて、リチウムイオン電池のリチウム化合物層の部分表面領域の三次元トポグラフィ画像を取得し、画像解析により該領域の表面粗さ及び厚さを取得した。同じ測定対象物の異なる領域を繰り返しサンプリングして表面粗さ及び厚さの平均値を得た。
フォーメーション後のリチウムイオン電池を25±3℃の環境で30分間静置し、0.5Cレートの定電流で電圧が4.45Vになるまで充電し、続いて4.45Vの定電圧で充電し、電流が0.05Cになるまで充電を停止し、測定対象であるリチウムイオン電池を30分間放置した。その後、0.2Cレートでリチウムイオン電池を3.0Vまで放電し、測定対象であるリチウムイオン電池を30分間放置した。最後に放電容量をリチウムイオン電池の実際の電池容量とした。リチウムイオン電池の体積エネルギー密度=実際の電池容量/(リチウムイオン電池の長さ×幅×厚さ)。
乾燥室環境で、フォーメーション後のリチウムイオン電池及び400回のサイクル後のリチウムイオン電池を正極とセパレータの界面から分解し、電解液が揮発して乾燥するまで5分間静置して、150mm×20mmの大きさの負極、粘着層及びセパレータの積層構造を裁断し、高速引張試験機(AL-3000)を用い、且つ剥離角度を180°、引張速度を50mm/min、引張変位を50mmに設定し、界面剥離粘着力の測定を行った。各組に4枚のリチウムイオン電池を取り、リチウムイオン電池の負極とセパレータとの間の粘着力の平均値を算出した。
600gの板厚さ計(ELASTOCON,EV 01)を用いてリチウムイオン電池の厚さを測定した。リチウムイオン電池を25℃±2℃の恒温ボックスに入れて2時間静置し、0.7Cの定電流で4.45Vまで充電し、次に4.45Vの定電圧で0.05Cまで充電し且つ15分間静置し、さらに0.7Cの定電流で3.0Vまで放電し、これは一回の充放電サイクル過程であり、リチウムイオン電池が初回のサイクル時に満充電状態での厚さを記録し、続いて前記方法で800回の充放電サイクル過程を繰り返し、且つリチウムイオン電池のサイクルごとに満充電状態での厚さを記録した。
25℃±2℃の恒温ボックス中で、リチウムイオン電池を0.5Cの定電流で4.45Vまで充電した後、4.45Vの定電圧で0.05Cまで充電し且つ15分間静置し、さらに0.5Cの定電流で3.0Vまで放電し、5分間静置し、これは一回の充放電サイクル過程であった。初回放電容量を100%とし、充放電サイクル過程を繰り返し、放電容量が80%まで減衰した時点で測定を停止し、リチウムイオン電池のサイクル特性を評価する指標としてのサイクル回数を記録した。
2.1正極の調製
コバルト酸リチウムと、導電性カーボンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデンとを重量比97:1.4:1.6の割合でN-メチルピロリドン溶液に溶解し、正極スラリーを形成した。アルミニウム箔を正極集電体として使用し、正極スラリーを正極集電体上に塗工し、乾燥し、コールドプレスし、カッティング工程を経た後に正極を得た。
珪素炭素複合体と、スチレンブタジエンゴムと、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムとを重量比97.7:1.0:1.3の割合で脱イオン水に溶解し、負極スラリーを形成し、ここで、珪素の重量百分率は10%であった。銅箔を負極集電体として使用し、負極スラリーを負極集電体上に塗工し、乾燥し、コールドプレスし、カッティング工程を経た後に負極を得た。
含水量が10ppm未満の環境で、ヘキサフルオロリン酸リチウムと非水有機溶媒(エチレンカーボネート(EC):ジエチルカーボネート(DEC):プロピレンカーボネート(PC):プロピオン酸プロピル(PP):ビニレンカーボネート(VC)=20:30:20:28:2、重量比)とを重量比8:92で調製し、電解液を調製した。
ポリフッ化ビニリデン粉末と、ドデシルジメチルアミン(乳化剤)と、水とを重量比9.5:0.5:90の割合で常温で1時間混合し、3時間静置してポリフッ化ビニリデン水性エマルジョンを得た。ポリフッ化ビニリデン水性エマルジョンと、ジメチルアセトアミドとを重量比2:1の割合で混合して粘着層塗料を形成した。ポリエチレンをセパレータとして使用し、粘着層塗料をセパレータの両側面に塗工し、乾燥した後に、粘着層とセパレータを得、ここで、粘着層の片側の厚さが2.0μmであり且つセパレータの厚さが5.0μmであった。
比較例2の調製方法は、ポリエチレン製のベアセパレータ(粘着層なし)を使用したこと以外は、比較例1の調製方法と同様であった。
実施例1の調製方法は、さらに負極に対して下記リチウム補充プロセス処理を行った後に、前記正極、セパレータ、粘着層及び負極を順に配列して組み立て、リチウムイオン電池を得たこと以外は、比較例1の調製方法と同様であった。
リチウム補充プロセス処理:厚さが0.04μmのリチウム化合物層を形成するように、負極の負極活物質層の表面に一層のリチウム金属箔を設置し、ここで、リチウム化合物層の負極活物質層に対する被覆率が80%であった。
実施例2~6の調製方法は、表1を具体的に参照して、ポリフッ化ビニリデン水性エマルジョンに代えて、主鎖の単量体がプロピレンであり、置換基がカルボキシル基であり、置換度が0.65であり、分子量が30000であり、粒度が1.1μmである球状粒子の高分子重合体(変性ポリプロピレン重合体)で形成された高分子重合体水性エマルジョンを用いて、且つ粘着層の厚さを変更したこと以外は、実施例1の調製方法と同様であった。
実施例7~12の調製方法は、表1を具体的に参照して、リチウム化合物層の厚さを変更したこと以外は、実施例4の調製方法と同様であった。
実施例13~18の調製方法は、表1を具体的に参照して、負極の表面粗さを変更したこと以外は、実施例4の調製方法と同様であった。
実施例19~21の調製方法は、表1を具体的に参照して、リチウム化合物層の被覆率を変更したこと以外は、実施例4の調製方法と同様であった。
実施例22~26の調製方法は、表1を具体的に参照して、負極活物質層及びリチウム化合物層の孔隙率を変更したこと以外は、実施例4の調製方法と同様であった。
Claims (11)
- 正極と、負極と、セパレータと、粘着層と、リチウム化合物層とを含み、
前記負極は、負極活物質層を含み、
前記セパレータは、前記正極と前記負極との間に配置されており、
前記粘着層は、前記負極活物質層と前記セパレータとの間に配置されており、
前記リチウム化合物層は、前記粘着層と前記負極活物質層との間に配置されており、前記リチウム化合物層は炭酸リチウム及び酸化リチウムのうちの少なくとも一種を含み、
前記粘着層は高分子重合体を含み、前記高分子重合体は主鎖及び置換基を含み、前記高分子重合体は変性されたポリプロピレン系構造の重合体である、電気化学装置。 - 前記主鎖は、メチルプロペン、メタクリル酸、メタクリル酸メチルからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の単量体から形成され、
前記置換基は、カルボキシル基、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、アミド基、メトキシ基、シアノ基及びエステル基からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。 - 前記高分子重合体は粒子であり、かつ前記高分子重合体の粒度は0.01μm~20μmである、請求項2に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記リチウム化合物層の厚さは0.01μm~3μmであり、前記粘着層の厚さは0.1μm~10μmであり、前記負極の表面粗さは0.5μm~4.0μmである、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記リチウム化合物層は前記負極活物質層と接触しており、且つ前記リチウム化合物層は前記粘着層と接触している、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記リチウム化合物層の前記負極活物質層に対する被覆率は30%を超えている、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記負極活物質層及び前記リチウム化合物層の孔隙率は10%~60%である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置。
- 前記負極活物質層は、負極活物質を含み、
前記負極活物質は、人造黒鉛、天然黒鉛、メソカーボンマイクロビーズ、ハードカーボン、ソフトカーボン、チタン酸リチウム、単結晶シリコン、アモルファスシリコン、珪素酸素複合体及び珪素炭素複合体からなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学装置。 - 前記負極活物質層は、バインダー及び導電剤のうちの少なくとも一種をさらに含み、
前記バインダーは、ポリフッ化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレンの共重合体、ポリアミド、ポリアクリロニトリル、ポリアクリル酸エステル、ポリアクリル酸、ポリアクリル酸塩、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリビニルエーテル、ポリメタクリル酸メチル、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、ポリヘキサフルオロプロピレン及びスチレンブタジエンゴムからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含み、且つ、
前記導電剤は、カーボンナノチューブ、炭素繊維、導電性カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、グラフェン及びケッチェンブラックからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種を含む、請求項8に記載の電気化学装置。 - 前記リチウム化合物層は、前記バインダー及び前記導電剤を含まない、請求項9に記載の電気化学装置。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学装置を含む電子装置。
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