JP7432769B2 - 蓄冷材、蓄冷材粒子、造粒粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、及び、ヘリウム再凝縮装置 - Google Patents
蓄冷材、蓄冷材粒子、造粒粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、及び、ヘリウム再凝縮装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7432769B2 JP7432769B2 JP2022565399A JP2022565399A JP7432769B2 JP 7432769 B2 JP7432769 B2 JP 7432769B2 JP 2022565399 A JP2022565399 A JP 2022565399A JP 2022565399 A JP2022565399 A JP 2022565399A JP 7432769 B2 JP7432769 B2 JP 7432769B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cold storage
- storage material
- particles
- group
- regenerator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 title claims description 318
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 226
- 239000011361 granulated particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 50
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 title claims description 41
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 41
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 40
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000013421 nuclear magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 rare earth oxysulfide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 83
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 61
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 60
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 41
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 24
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 19
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium lactate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O MKJXYGKVIBWPFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 239000001527 calcium lactate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229960002401 calcium lactate Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 235000011086 calcium lactate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 12
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- KQHXBDOEECKORE-UHFFFAOYSA-L beryllium sulfate Chemical compound [Be+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KQHXBDOEECKORE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000010408 potassium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000737 potassium alginate Substances 0.000 description 5
- MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L potassium alginate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O MZYRDLHIWXQJCQ-YZOKENDUSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960001126 alginic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000783 alginic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000004781 alginic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon disulfide Chemical compound S=C=S QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- MCVAAHQLXUXWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[S-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[S-2].[Gd+3].[Gd+3] MCVAAHQLXUXWLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052705 radium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000177 wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010407 ammonium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000728 ammonium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- KPGABFJTMYCRHJ-YZOKENDUSA-N ammonium alginate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].O1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O KPGABFJTMYCRHJ-YZOKENDUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Co+2] GVPFVAHMJGGAJG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002371 helium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N radium atom Chemical compound [Ra] HCWPIIXVSYCSAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001631 strontium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Sr+2] AHBGXTDRMVNFER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005486 sulfidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004627 transmission electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- VXYADVIJALMOEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K tris(lactato)aluminium Chemical compound CC(O)C(=O)O[Al](OC(=O)C(C)O)OC(=O)C(C)O VXYADVIJALMOEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F17/00—Compounds of rare earth metals
- C01F17/20—Compounds containing only rare earth metals as the metal element
- C01F17/288—Sulfides
- C01F17/294—Oxysulfides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/547—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on sulfides or selenides or tellurides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C6/00—Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/50—Agglomerated particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/54—Particles characterised by their aspect ratio, i.e. the ratio of sizes in the longest to the shortest dimension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/32—Thermal properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3203—Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3213—Strontium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3215—Barium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3224—Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/449—Organic acids, e.g. EDTA, citrate, acetate, oxalate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5296—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes with a defined aspect ratio, e.g. indicating sphericity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5427—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/54—Particle size related information
- C04B2235/5418—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
- C04B2235/5436—Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
- C04B2235/721—Carbon content
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
- C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/63—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B using additives specially adapted for forming the products, e.g.. binder binders
- C04B35/638—Removal thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
- F17C2221/017—Helium
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0107—Single phase
- F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
- F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2225/0107—Single phase
- F17C2225/013—Single phase liquid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used
- F25B2309/1412—Pulse-tube cycles characterised by heat exchanger details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/17—Re-condensers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/13—Vibrations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
- G01R33/3804—Additional hardware for cooling or heating of the magnet assembly, for housing a cooled or heated part of the magnet assembly or for temperature control of the magnet assembly
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/20—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables involving magnetic resonance
- G01R33/28—Details of apparatus provided for in groups G01R33/44 - G01R33/64
- G01R33/38—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field
- G01R33/381—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets
- G01R33/3815—Systems for generation, homogenisation or stabilisation of the main or gradient magnetic field using electromagnets with superconducting coils, e.g. power supply therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
- H01F6/04—Cooling
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
第1の実施形態の蓄冷材は、イットリウム(Y)、ランタン(La)、セリウム(Ce)、プラセオジム(Pr)、ネオジム(Nd)、サマリウム(Sm)、ユウロピウム(Eu)、ガドリニウム(Gd)、テルビウム(Tb)、ジスプロシウム(Dy)、ホルミウム(Ho)、エルビウム(Er)、ツリウム(Tm)、イッテルビウム(Yb)、及びルテチウム(Lu)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの希土類元素を含む希土類酸硫化物を含み、第一族元素を0.001原子%以上10原子%以下含み、2K以上10K以下の温度範囲における体積比熱の最大値が0.5J/(cm3・K)以上である。
第2の実施形態の蓄冷材粒子は、第1の実施形態の蓄冷材で形成され、粒径が50μm以上3mm以下である。蓄冷材粒子のアスペクト比は、例えば、1以上5以下である。蓄冷材粒子のアスペクト比とは、蓄冷材粒子の短径に対する長径の比である。蓄冷材粒子の形状は、例えば、球状である。
第3の実施形態の蓄冷器は、第2の実施形態の蓄冷材粒子が複数個、充填された蓄冷器である。第3の実施形態の蓄冷器は、例えば、充填された複数の第2の実施形態の蓄冷材粒子の、投影像の周囲長さをLとし、投影像の実面積をAとしたとき、4πA/L2で表される円形度Rが0.5以下の蓄冷材粒子の比率が5%以下である。
第4の実施形態の冷凍機は、第1の実施形態の蓄冷材、又は第2の実施形態の蓄冷材粒子が複数個、充填された蓄冷器を備える冷凍機である。以下、第1の実施形態、第2の実施形態、及び第3の実施形態と重複する内容については、一部記述を省略する。
第5の実施形態のクライオポンプは、第4の実施形態の冷凍機を備える。以下、第4の実施形態と重複する内容については、一部記述を省略する。
第6の実施形態の超電導磁石は、第4の実施形態の冷凍機を備える。以下、第4の実施形態と重複する内容については、一部記述を省略する。
第7の実施形態の核磁気共鳴イメージング装置は、第4の実施形態の冷凍機を備える。以下、第4の実施形態と重複する内容については、一部記述を省略する。
第8の実施形態の核磁気共鳴装置は、第4の実施形態の冷凍機を備える。以下、第4の実施形態と重複する内容については、一部記述を省略する。
第9の実施形態の磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置は、第4の実施形態の冷凍機を備える。以下、第4の実施形態と重複する内容については、一部記述を省略する。
第10の実施形態のヘリウム再凝縮装置は、第4の実施形態の冷凍機を備える。以下、第4の実施形態と重複する内容については、一部記述を省略する。
Gd2O3粉末とNa2CO3粉末をボールミルで24時間、混合粉砕して原料混合体を調製した。次に得られた原料混合体を乾燥した後に、転動造粒機を用いて造粒することにより、粒径が0.3mm~0.5mmの造粒粒子を調製した。このとき、バインダーにはポリビニルアルコールを使用し、原料粉末に対して1.2重量%となるように加えた。造粒粒子のナトリウム濃度は0.52原子%であり、炭素濃度は0.99重量%だった。得られた原料混合体を成形し、成形体を得た。
Na2CO3粉末の代わりにLi2CO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末の代わりにK2CO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末に加えて、CaCO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末の代わりに、Li2CO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末の代わりに、K2CO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
CaCO3粉末の代わりに、MgCO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
CaCO3粉末の代わりに、SrCO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
CaCO3粉末の代わりに、BaCO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Gd2O3粉末の代わりにGd2O2S粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Gd2O3粉末の代わりにTb2O3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Gd2O3粉末の代わりにDy2O3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Gd2O3粉末の代わりにHo2O3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末に加え、K2CO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末に加え、Li2CO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末に加え、K2CO3粉末及びCaCO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末に加え、CaCO3粉末及びSrCO3粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末の重量を減らしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Na2CO3粉末の重量を増やしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
CaCO3粉末の重量を減らしたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
CaCO3粉末の重量を増やしたこと以外は、実施例4と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Gd2O3粉末の一部をTb2O3、Dy2O3、Ho2O3に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
Gd2O3粉末をアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液に加え、12時間混合することでスラリーを作成した。アルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液はアルギン酸ナトリウムが原料粉末に対して2.3重量%となるように加えた。 作成したスラリーを、ゲル化溶液である乳酸カルシウム水溶液に滴下した。スラリーの滴下にはシリンジを用いた。シリンジの口径は510μm、シリンジの先端から乳酸カルシウム水溶液の液面までの距離は100mmとした。また、スラリーを型に充填した後、ゲル化溶液に浸漬させた。
アルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液の代わりにアルギン酸カリウム水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
アルギン酸カリウム水溶液の量を増やしたこと、又は減らしたこと以外は、実施例33と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
乳酸カルシウム水溶液の代わりに塩化マグネシウム水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
乳酸カルシウム水溶液の代わりに塩化ストロンチウム水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
乳酸カルシウム水溶液の代わりに塩化バリウム水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
原料粉末としてK2CO3粉末を加えたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
原料粉末としてLi2CO3粉末を加えたこと以外は、実施例18と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。
スラリーの型への充填法、及びスラリーの滴下方法としてシリンジではなくエアパルス式ディスペンサーも用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。ノズルの口径を510μm、ノズルの先端から乳酸カルシウム水溶液の液面までの距離は100mmとした。
スラリーの型への充填法、及びスラリーの滴下方法としてシリンジではなくピエゾ式ディスペンサーを用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。ノズルの口径は510μm、ノズルの先端から乳酸カルシウム水溶液の液面までの距離は100mmとした。
実施例46~51の蓄冷材粒子は、蓄冷材粒子の粒径又はアスペクト比が、実施例44の蓄冷材粒子と異なる。実施例51~56の蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、実施例1の蓄冷材粒子を製造する場合に対し、シリンジの口径及びシリンジの先端からゲル化溶液の表面までの距離を変化させた。
スラリーの型への充填法、及びスラリーの滴下方法としてシリンジではなくコンティニュアス型インクジェットを用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。ノズルの口径は510μm、ノズルの先端から乳酸カルシウム水溶液の液面までの距離は100mmとした。
ポリビニルアルコールの重量を変化した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。また、実施例1と同様にして、造粒粒子の強度を測定した。
アルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液の濃度、あるいは原料粉末に対するアルギン酸ナトリウム水溶液の割合を変化することで、原料粉末に対するアルギン酸ナトリウムの量を変化させたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。また、実施例1と同様にして、造粒粒子の強度を測定した。
原料粉末にAl2O3粉末も用いた以外は、実施例1と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。Al2O3粉末は蓄冷材粒子に含まれるAlが15原子%となるように加えた。
原料粉末にAl2O3粉末も用いた以外は、実施例4と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。Al2O3粉末は蓄冷材粒子に含まれるAlが15原子%となるように加えた。
乳酸カルシウム水溶液の代わりに塩化アルミニウム水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。蓄冷材粒子中に含まれるAlの量が0.01原子%となるように加えた。
乳酸カルシウム水溶液に加え塩化アルミニウム水溶液を用いたこと以外は、実施例32と同様にして、蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造した。蓄冷材粒子中に含まれるAlの量が0.01原子%となるように加えた。
比較例1の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子は、ナトリウムの原子濃度が0.0008原子%と少ない点で、実施例1の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子と異なる。比較例1の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、実施例1の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する場合に対し、Na2CO3粉末の重量を減らした。
比較例2の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子は、ナトリウムの原子濃度が15原子%と多い点で、実施例1の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子と異なる。比較例2の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、実施例1の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する場合に対し、Na2CO3粉末の重量を増やした。このとき、Gd2O2Sに加え、NaGdS2が顕著に生成していた。
比較例3の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子は、カルシウムの原子濃度が15原子%と多い点で、実施例4の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子と異なる。比較例3の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、実施例4の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する場合に対し、CaCO3粉末の重量を増やした。
比較例4の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子は、第一族元素を含まない点で、実施例1の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子と異なる。比較例4の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子は、第一族元素を含む粉末を使用せずに製造した。
比較例5の蓄冷材造粒粒子は、炭素が25重量%と多い点で実施例1と異なる。比較例5の造粒粒子は脱脂後の炭素濃度が12重量%だったが、焼結後の粒子に割れ、あるいは欠けが生じ、粒子を回収できなかった。このため、比熱、強度の評価及び冷凍機試験は実施できなかった。比較例5の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、バインダーに使用するポリビニルアルコールの重量割合を、原料粉末に対し34重量%に増やした。
比較例6の蓄冷材造粒体は、炭素が0.005重量%と少ない点で実施例1と異なる。比較例6では、造粒後に粒子を回収できなかった。このため、比熱、強度の評価及び冷凍機試験は実施できなかった。比較例6の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、原料粉末に対するポリビニルアルコールの重量割合を0.2重量%とした。
比較例7の脱脂処理後の蓄冷材造粒粒子は、炭素が15重量%と多い点で実施例1と異なる。脱脂前の炭素濃度は19重量%である。比較例7の造粒粒子は焼結し、蓄冷材及び蓄冷材粒子を得た。比較例7の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、原料粉末に対するポリビニルアルコールを24重量%とし、大気雰囲気下で400℃ 、1時間の脱脂を行った。
比較例8の脱脂後蓄冷材粒子は、炭素が検出限界以下と少ない点で実施例1と異なる。比較例8の造粒粒子は脱脂後に、割れ、あるいは欠けが生じた。脱脂前の炭素濃度は0.01重量%である。比較例8の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、ポリビニルアルコールを原料粉末に対して、0.2重量%とし、大気雰囲気下で800℃ 、12時間の脱脂を行った。
比較例9の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子は、蓄冷材粒子中に含まれるAlが25原子%と多い点で実施例61と異なる。比較例9の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する際、実施例61の蓄冷材、及び蓄冷材粒子を製造する場合に対し、Al2O3粉末の重量を増やした。
114、115 蓄冷器
118、119 蓄冷材
500 クライオポンプ
600 超電導磁石
700 核磁気共鳴イメージング装置
800 核磁気共鳴装置
900 磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置
1000 ヘリウム再凝縮装置
Claims (19)
- Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、及びLuからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの希土類元素を含む希土類酸硫化物を含み、第一族元素を0.001原子%以上10原子%以下含み、2K以上10K以下の温度範囲における体積比熱の最大値が0.5J/(cm3・K)以上である、蓄冷材。
- 前記第一族元素がLi、Na、及びKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素である、請求項1記載の蓄冷材。
- 第二族元素を0原子%以上10原子%以下含む、請求項1又は請求項2記載の蓄冷材。
- 第二族元素を0.001原子%以上10原子%以下含む、請求項1又は請求項2記載の蓄冷材。
- 前記第二族元素がMg、Ca、Sr、及びBaからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素である、請求項3又は請求項4記載の蓄冷材。
- Al、Fe、Cu、Ni、Co、Zr、及びBからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの元素を0.01原子%以上20原子%以下含む、請求項1ないし請求項5いずれか一項記載の蓄冷材。
- 請求項1ないし請求項6いずれか一項記載の蓄冷材で形成され、粒径が50μm以上3mm以下である、蓄冷材粒子。
- アスペクト比が1以上5以下である、請求項7記載の蓄冷材粒子。
- 請求項7又は請求項8記載の蓄冷材粒子の原料となる造粒粒子であって、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、及びLuからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの希土類元素を含む希土類酸化物、又は、前記少なくとも一つの希土類元素を含む希土類酸硫化物を含み、第一族元素を0.001原子%以上10原子%以下含み、炭素を0.01重量%以上20重量%以下含み、粒径が70μm以上5mm以下であり、アスペクト比が1以上5以下である、造粒粒子。
- 請求項7又は請求項8記載の蓄冷材粒子の原料となる脱脂後の造粒粒子であって、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、及びLuからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの希土類元素を含む希土類酸化物、又は、前記少なくとも一つの希土類元素を含む希土類酸硫化物を含み、第一族元素を0.001原子%以上10原子%以下含み、炭素を0.001重量%以上10重量%以下含み、粒径が70μm以上5mm以下であり、アスペクト比が1以上5以下である、造粒粒子。
- 請求項1ないし請求項6いずれか一項記載の蓄冷材を備えた、蓄冷器。
- 請求項7又は請求項8記載の蓄冷材粒子が複数個、充填された、蓄冷器。
- 請求項11又は請求項12記載の蓄冷器を備えた、冷凍機。
- 請求項13記載の冷凍機を備えた、クライオポンプ。
- 請求項13記載の冷凍機を備えた、超電導磁石。
- 請求項13記載の冷凍機を備えた、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置。
- 請求項13記載の冷凍機を備えた、核磁気共鳴装置。
- 請求項13記載の冷凍機を備えた、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置。
- 請求項13記載の冷凍機を備えた、ヘリウム再凝縮装置。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2024014548A JP2024056758A (ja) | 2020-11-26 | 2024-02-02 | 蓄冷材粒子の製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2020195605 | 2020-11-26 | ||
JP2020195605 | 2020-11-26 | ||
JP2021120187 | 2021-07-21 | ||
JP2021120187 | 2021-07-21 | ||
PCT/JP2021/043134 WO2022114045A1 (ja) | 2020-11-26 | 2021-11-25 | 蓄冷材、蓄冷材粒子、造粒粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、及び、ヘリウム再凝縮装置 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2024014548A Division JP2024056758A (ja) | 2020-11-26 | 2024-02-02 | 蓄冷材粒子の製造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPWO2022114045A1 JPWO2022114045A1 (ja) | 2022-06-02 |
JP7432769B2 true JP7432769B2 (ja) | 2024-02-16 |
Family
ID=81754327
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022565399A Active JP7432769B2 (ja) | 2020-11-26 | 2021-11-25 | 蓄冷材、蓄冷材粒子、造粒粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、及び、ヘリウム再凝縮装置 |
JP2024014548A Pending JP2024056758A (ja) | 2020-11-26 | 2024-02-02 | 蓄冷材粒子の製造方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2024014548A Pending JP2024056758A (ja) | 2020-11-26 | 2024-02-02 | 蓄冷材粒子の製造方法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20230303904A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4253868A1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP7432769B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA3201508A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL302875A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022114045A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPWO2022039150A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-18 | 2022-02-24 | ||
WO2024185831A1 (ja) * | 2023-03-08 | 2024-09-12 | 株式会社 東芝 | 蓄冷材、蓄冷材粒子、造粒粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、ヘリウム再凝縮装置、及び、希釈冷凍機 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003213252A (ja) | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-30 | Konoshima Chemical Co Ltd | 希土類オキシ硫化物蓄冷材及び蓄冷器 |
JP2005336240A (ja) | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-08 | Konoshima Chemical Co Ltd | ハイブリッド蓄冷材とその製造方法及び蓄冷器 |
JP2020152769A (ja) | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 蓄冷材粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、クライオポンプ、及び、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5010071B2 (ja) | 2000-07-18 | 2012-08-29 | 株式会社東芝 | 蓄冷材,その製造方法およびその蓄冷材を用いた冷凍機 |
JP3642486B2 (ja) | 2001-06-18 | 2005-04-27 | 神島化学工業株式会社 | 希土類オキシ硫化物蓄冷材及び蓄冷器 |
WO2018025581A1 (ja) | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-08 | 神島化学工業株式会社 | 希土類オキシ硫化物蓄冷材 |
-
2021
- 2021-11-25 JP JP2022565399A patent/JP7432769B2/ja active Active
- 2021-11-25 EP EP21898017.5A patent/EP4253868A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-25 CA CA3201508A patent/CA3201508A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-25 IL IL302875A patent/IL302875A/en unknown
- 2021-11-25 WO PCT/JP2021/043134 patent/WO2022114045A1/ja active Application Filing
-
2023
- 2023-05-24 US US18/323,288 patent/US20230303904A1/en active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-02-02 JP JP2024014548A patent/JP2024056758A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2003213252A (ja) | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-30 | Konoshima Chemical Co Ltd | 希土類オキシ硫化物蓄冷材及び蓄冷器 |
JP2005336240A (ja) | 2004-05-25 | 2005-12-08 | Konoshima Chemical Co Ltd | ハイブリッド蓄冷材とその製造方法及び蓄冷器 |
JP2020152769A (ja) | 2019-03-18 | 2020-09-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 蓄冷材粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、クライオポンプ、及び、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP4253868A1 (en) | 2023-10-04 |
JP2024056758A (ja) | 2024-04-23 |
IL302875A (en) | 2023-07-01 |
WO2022114045A1 (ja) | 2022-06-02 |
JPWO2022114045A1 (ja) | 2022-06-02 |
CA3201508A1 (en) | 2022-06-02 |
US20230303904A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20230303904A1 (en) | Cold storage material, cold storage material particle, granulated particle, cold storage device, refrigerator, cryopump, superconducting magnet, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, magnetic field application type single crystal pulling apparatus, and helium re-condensing device | |
JP5656842B2 (ja) | 希土類蓄冷材粒子、希土類蓄冷材粒子群およびそれを用いた冷凍機、測定装置並びにその製造方法 | |
US6467277B2 (en) | Cold accumulating material, method of manufacturing the same and refrigerator using the material | |
US20220135419A1 (en) | Rare earth oxysulfide cold storage medium | |
JP2023169141A (ja) | 2段式の蓄冷型極低温冷凍機及びその製造方法 | |
WO2023145730A1 (ja) | 蓄冷材、蓄冷材粒子、造粒粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、ヘリウム再凝縮装置、及び、希釈冷凍機 | |
JP2010077447A (ja) | 蓄冷材およびその製造方法 | |
CN110168043B (zh) | 稀土蓄冷材料以及具有其的蓄冷器和制冷机 | |
WO2023032867A1 (ja) | 蓄冷材粒子用造粒粒子、蓄冷材粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、及び、ヘリウム再凝縮装置 | |
RU2818411C1 (ru) | Материал для сохранения холода, частица материала для сохранения холода, гранулированная частица, устройство для сохранения холода, холодильник, крионасос, сверхпроводящий магнит, аппарат для визуализации ядерного магнитного резонанса, аппарат ядерного магнитного резонанса, аппарат для вытягивания монокристалла с приложением магнитного поля и устройство для повторной конденсации гелия | |
WO2024185831A1 (ja) | 蓄冷材、蓄冷材粒子、造粒粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、ヘリウム再凝縮装置、及び、希釈冷凍機 | |
WO2024190623A1 (ja) | 蓄冷材粒子用造粒粒子、蓄冷材粒子用造粒粒子群、蓄冷材粒子、蓄冷材粒子群、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、ヘリウム再凝縮装置、及び、希釈冷凍機 | |
JP5010071B2 (ja) | 蓄冷材,その製造方法およびその蓄冷材を用いた冷凍機 | |
CN116710715A (zh) | 蓄冷材料、蓄冷材料粒子、造粒粒子、蓄冷器、冷冻机、低温泵、超导磁铁、核磁共振成像装置、核磁共振装置、磁场施加式单晶提拉装置及氦再冷凝装置 | |
WO2022224783A1 (ja) | 磁性蓄冷材粒子、蓄冷器、冷凍機、クライオポンプ、超電導磁石、核磁気共鳴イメージング装置、核磁気共鳴装置、磁界印加式単結晶引上げ装置、及び、ヘリウム再凝縮装置 | |
EP4202319A1 (en) | Cold storage material particles, cold storage device, refrigerating machine, cryopump, superconducting magnet, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging apparatus, nuclear magnetic resonance apparatus, magnetic field application type single crystal pulling apparatus, and mehod for producing cold storage material particles | |
RU2815751C1 (ru) | Частица материала для сохранения холода, устройство для сохранения холода, холодильник, криогенный насос, сверхпроводящий магнит, ядерно-магнитно-резонансное устройство формирования изображения, устройство ядерного магнитного резонанса, устройство для выращивания монокристалла способом вытягивания с приложением магнитного поля, и способ изготовления частиц материала для сохранения холода | |
JP4170703B2 (ja) | 希土類オキシ硫化物セラミックス蓄冷材とその製造方法、及びこの蓄冷材を用いた極低温蓄冷器 | |
RU2821399C2 (ru) | Частица магнитного хладоаккумуляторного материала, хладоаккумулирующее устройство, холодильник, криогенный насос, сверхпроводящий магнит, аппарат магнитно-резонансной томографии, аппарат ядерного магнитного резонанса, установка для выращивания монокристаллов методом вытягивания в магнитном поле и устройство для повторной конденсации гелия |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20230414 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A821 Effective date: 20230414 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20240109 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20240205 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7432769 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |