JP7431775B2 - Dnaでのデジタル情報の高容量記憶 - Google Patents
Dnaでのデジタル情報の高容量記憶 Download PDFInfo
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- G06F12/023—Free address space management
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
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- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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Description
5’側アダプタ:ACACTCTTTCCCTACACGACGCTCTTCCGATCT
3’側アダプタ:AGATCGGAAGAGCGGTTCAGCAGGAATGCCGAG
5’GAGCATCTGCAGATGCTCAT3’
表1は、バイト値(0~255)をbase-3に変換するために用いられる、例示的なハフマン・コード化方式の一例を示している。情報を高度に圧縮するには、各バイト値が等しい頻度で出現すべきであり、また1バイトあたりのtritの平均数は、(239*5+17*6)/256=5.07である。1バイトあたりのtritの理論上の最大数は、log(256)/log(3)=5.05である。
任意のコンピュータ・ファイル210を、(しばしば、
と28-1の間の数、すなわちセット{0...255}内の値として解釈される)バイトの列
として表す。列
をハフマン・コードを用いて符号化し、base-3に変換する。これにより、trit
として文字の列S1が生成される。
からのDNAの混合を可能にする)。S5を長さ100ntの重複するDNAセグメント240に分割し、DNAセグメント240のそれぞれを、DNAセグメント240の前のものから25ntだけオフセットする。これは、好都合には、
で索引付けした((N/25)-3)のDNAセグメント240が存在することを意味する。DNAセグメントiはFiで示され、S5の(DNA)文字25i...25i+99を含む。
復号化は、単にステップ720における符号化の反対であり、長さ117のヌクレオチドからなる配列決定したDNAセグメント240F’’iから始まる。DNA配列決定手順の間(例えばPCR反応の間)に、フラグメントがA|Tで始まりC|Gで終わっているか、またはG|Cで始まりT|Aで終わっているかどうかを観察することによって、後続の逆転のために逆相補を識別することができる。これら2つの「配向」用のヌクレオチドを除き、各DNAセグメント240の115の残りのヌクレオチドを、最初の100の「メッセージ」のヌクレオチド、および残りの15の「索引情報250」のヌクレオチドに分割することができる。索引情報のヌクレオチド250を復号化して、ファイルの識別子IDおよび位置インデックスi3、したがってiを決定することができ、またパリティtrit Pを調べることによって、誤りを検出することができる。位置索引情報250によって、DNAで符号化されたファイル230の再構築が可能になり、次いでそれを、前述の符号化表の逆を用いてbase-3に、次いで所与のハフマン・コードを用いて元のバイトに変換することができる。
DNA記憶は、従来のテープ・ベースの記憶またはディスク・ベースの記憶とは異なる特性を有する。この例では、約750kBの情報を10pmolのDNAとして合成し、約1テラバイト/グラムの情報記憶密度を得た。DNA記憶は動力を必要とせず、控えめな見積もりでも(場合により)数千年にわたって実用的な状態のままである。
1.Bancroft,C.、Bowler,T.、Bloom,B.およびClelland,C.T. Long-term storage of information in DNA. Science 293、1763~1765(2001)
2.Cox,J.P.L. Long-term data storage in DNA. TRENDS Biotech.19、247~250(2001)
3.Baum,E.B. Building an associative memory vastly larger than the brain. Science 268、583~585(1995)
4.Clelland,C.T.、Risca,V.およびBancroft,C. Hiding messages in DNA microdots. Nature 399、533~534(1999)
5.Kac,E. Genesis(1999) http://www.ekac.org/geninfo.html オンライン・アクセス 2012年4月2日
6.Wong,P.C.、Wong,K.-K.およびFoote,H. Organic data memory. Using the DNA approach.Comm. ACM 46、95~98(2003)
7.Ailenberg,M.およびRotstein,O.D. An improved Huffman coding method for archiving text、 images、and music characters in DNA. Biotechniques 47、747~754(2009)
8.Gibson,D.G.ら Creation of a bacterial cell controlled by a chemically synthe-sized genome. Science 329、52~56(2010)
9.MacKay,D.J.C. Information Theory、Inference、and Learning Algorithms. (Cambridge University Press、2003)
10.Watson,J.D.およびCrick,F.H.C. Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 171、737~738(1953)
11.Shapiro,B.ら Rise and fall of the Beringian steppe bison. Science 306、1561~1565(2004)
12.Poinar,H.K.ら Metagenomics to paleogenomics:large-scale sequencing of mammoth DNA. Science 311、392~394(2005)
13.Willerslev,E.ら Ancient biomolecules from deep ice cores reveal a forested southern Greenland. Science 317、111~114(2007)
14.Green,R.E.ら A draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome. Science 328、710~722(2010)
15.Anchordoquy,T.J.およびMolina,M.C. Preservation of DNA. Cell Preservation Tech.5、180~188(2007)
16.Bonnet,J.ら Chain and conformation stability of solid-state DNA:implications for room temperature storage. Nucl.Acids Res.38、1531~1546(2010)
17.Lee,S.B.、Crouse,C.A.およびKline,M.C. Optimizing storage and handling of DNA extracts. Forensic Sci. Rev.22、131~144(2010)
18.Tsaftaris,S.A.およびKatsaggelos,A.K. On designing DNA databases for the storage and retrieval of digital signals. Lecture Notes Comp.Sci.3611、1192~1201(2005)
19.Yamamoto,M.、Kashiwamura,S.、Ohuchi,A.およびFurukawa,M. Large-scale DNA memory based on the nested PCR. Natural Computing 7、335~346(2008)
20.Kari,L.およびMahalingam,K. DNA computing:a research snapshot.(Atallah、M.J.およびBlanton、 M.(編) Algorithms and Theory of Computation Handbook、第2巻 第2版 31-1~31-24ページ(Chapman & Hall、2009))
21.Chen,P.M.、Lee,E.K.、Gibson,G.A.、Katz,R.H.およびPatterson,D.A. RAID: high-performance、 reliable secondary storage. ACM Computing Surveys 26、145~185(1994)
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Claims (15)
- 情報(210)を、前記情報(210)を記憶した複数のDNAセグメント(240)から取り出すための方法であって、
- 前記複数のDNAセグメント(240)を配列決定(820)して、DNA配列データ(230)を生成すること、
- 前記DNA配列データ(230)をバイトの配列に変換(830)すること、
を含み、
前記配列決定(820)は、並行シーケンスを含み、
前記複数のDNAセグメント(240)は索引情報(250)を含み、
前記索引情報(250)は、
(i) 前記情報(210)の出所を特定するように、
及び/又は、
(ii) 前記複数のDNAセグメント(240)の何れか1つにおける何れか一つのヌクレオチドの前記DNA配列データ(230)における位置を示すように
構成されている、方法。 - さらに、前記バイトの配列を前記情報(210)に変換(830)することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記並行シーケンスが、合成による配列決定(820)を含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記並行シーケンスが、ペアエンド式の読み取りの生成を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のDNAセグメント(240)を増幅(810)することを含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のDNAセグメント(240)はアダプタを含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記アダプタが、配列番号1若しくは配列番号2の配列またはこの配列の逆相補配列を含む、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記情報(210)は、base-3法を用いて符号化されたものである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記配列決定(820)は、ペアエンド式のPCRプライマを使用する、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- ペアエンド式のPCRプライマが配列番号1若しくは配列番号2の配列またはこの配列の逆相補配列を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記索引情報(250)は誤り検出要素を含む、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記誤り検出要素はパリティチェックである、請求項11に記載の方法。
- さらに、 デジタルファイルに前記バイトを記憶することを含む、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記情報(210)は、少なくとも15646バイトを含む、請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記情報(210)は、人間が読み取り可能な言語、オーディオ、画像またはビデオである、請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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EP (2) | EP3346404A1 (ja) |
JP (4) | JP2015529864A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20150016572A (ja) |
CN (2) | CN104520864B (ja) |
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Patent Citations (4)
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WO2003025123A2 (en) | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-27 | Mount Sinai School Of Medecine | Dna: a medium for long-term information storage specification |
JP2006522356A (ja) | 2003-03-31 | 2006-09-28 | カウンシル・オブ・サイエンティフィック・アンド・インダストリアル・リサーチ | 情報をdnaに記憶させる方法 |
JP2005055900A (ja) | 2003-08-06 | 2005-03-03 | Biowell Technology Inc | 核酸分子を利用して特定メッセージを暗号化及び解読する方法 |
JP2005072772A (ja) | 2003-08-21 | 2005-03-17 | Sony Ericsson Mobilecommunications Japan Inc | データバックアップシステム、端末装置およびデータバックアッププログラム |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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Jonathan P.L.cox et,Long-term data storage in DNA,TRENDS in Biotechnology,Vol.19 No.7,2001年07月01日,p.247-250 |
THOMAS P.Niedringhaus et al,Landscape of Next-Generation Sequencing Technologies,analytical chemistry,vol.83 no.12,2011年06月15日,p.4327-4341 |
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