JP7399904B2 - 正極およびこれを備える非水電解液二次電池 - Google Patents
正極およびこれを備える非水電解液二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7399904B2 JP7399904B2 JP2021059556A JP2021059556A JP7399904B2 JP 7399904 B2 JP7399904 B2 JP 7399904B2 JP 2021059556 A JP2021059556 A JP 2021059556A JP 2021059556 A JP2021059556 A JP 2021059556A JP 7399904 B2 JP7399904 B2 JP 7399904B2
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- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005078 sorbitan sesquioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011078 sorbitan tristearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001589 sorbitan tristearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004129 sorbitan tristearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Description
図1に、ここに開示される正極の一例としての第1実施形態を示す。第1実施形態に係る正極50は、図示されるように、正極集電体52と、正極集電体52上に支持された正極活物質層54とを備える。図示例では、正極活物質層54は、正極集電体52の両面上に設けられているが、片面上に設けられていてもよい。正極活物質層54は、好ましくは正極集電体52の両面上に設けられる。
Li1+xNiyCozMn(1-y-z)MαO2-βQβ (I)
ここに開示される正極の第2実施形態について図2を用いて説明する。図2に示す正極50’において、正極活物質層54’は、正極集電体52側に位置する層54Cと、表層部側に位置する層54Dとを備える複層構造を有している。
ここに開示される正極の正極活物質層は、3層以上の複層構造を有していてもよい。ここに開示される正極の第3実施形態について図3を用いて説明する。図3に示す正極50’ ’において、正極活物質層54’ ’は、正極集電体52側に位置する層54Eと、中央に位置する層54Fと、表層部側に位置する層54Gとを備える複層構造を有している。
ここに開示される正極において、正極活物質層の複層構造の各層内における界面活性剤の分布は、均一でなくてもよい。したがって、正極活物質層の複層構造の各層内で、所定の濃度分布があってもよい。よって例えば、別の実施形態として、正極活物質層の外表面から正極集電体まで、界面活性剤の濃度が減少するように界面活性剤が分布しており、正極活物質層の外表面から厚み33%までの領域(上層)と、正極活物質層の集電体から厚みの67%までの領域(下層)とで、界面活性剤の質量割合が異なり、界面活性剤の質量割合が多い上層において、界面活性剤の質量割合が1.0質量%以上10質量%以下であってよい。
そこで、別の側面から、ここに開示される非水電解液二次電池は、上記の正極と、負極と、非水電解液と、を備える。
正極活物質としての二次粒子状のリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2;NCM811)と、界面活性剤としてのポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルとを、99:1の質量比で高速撹拌機を用いて混合し、界面活性剤でコーティングされた活物質(以下、「第1活物質」ともいう)を得た。また、正極活物質としての二次粒子状のリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2)と、界面活性剤としてのポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル(PEGDME)とを、99.5:0.5の質量比で高速撹拌機を用いて混合し、界面活性剤でコーティングされた活物質(以下、「第2活物質」ともいう)を得た。
第1活物質作製時の正極活物質および界面活性剤の合計に対する界面活性剤の質量割合(質量%)、および第2活物質作製時の正極活物質および界面活性剤の合計に対する界面活性剤の質量割合(質量%)を、表1に示す値に変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2,3,5,6および比較例1,2の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
第1正極合材スラリーを塗布した後第2正極合材スラリーを塗布した以外は実施例3と同様にして、実施例4の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質としての二次粒子状のリチウムニッケルマンガンコバルト系複合酸化物(LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2)と、界面活性剤としてのポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテルとを、90:10の質量比で高速撹拌機を用いて混合し、界面活性剤でコーティングされた活物質(第1活物質)を得た。これを用いて実施例1と同様にして第1正極合材スラリーを調製した。この第1正極合材スラリーのみを用いて、実施例1と同様にして正極を作製した。このとき正極活物質層の厚みが実施例1と同じとなるように、第1正極合材スラリーの塗布厚みを調整した。この正極を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、比較例3の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質として二次粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)に代えて二次粒子状のLiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NCM622)を用いた以外は比較例3と同様にして、参考例1の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質と界面活性剤との質量比を99.8:0.2に変更した以外は比較例3と同様にして、比較例4の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
第1正極合材スラリーおよび第2正極合材スラリーの塗布厚みを変化させ、第2正極合材スラリーによって形成された層の厚みに対する第1正極合材スラリーによって形成された層の厚みの比を表1に示す値に変更した以外は実施例5と同様にして、実施例7~9の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
第1正極合材スラリーに用いられる第1活物質の界面活性剤による被覆率を表1に示す値に変更した以外は実施例5と同様にして、実施例10,11の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
界面活性剤を、塩化アルキルトリメチルアンモニウム(ATMAC)に変更した以外は実施例5と同様にして、実施例12の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
正極活物質として二次粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2に代えて単粒子状のLiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にして、実施例13の評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池の体積を、フロリナートを溶媒としたアルキメデス法により求めた。この体積を初期体積とした。次いで、25℃の環境下で、各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を4.3Vまで充電させ、45℃環境下で5日間静置させた。その後、各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池の体積を、フロリナートを溶媒としたアルキメデス法により求めた。充電後の体積と初期体積との差(mL)を求め、これをガス発生量とした。結果を表1に示す。
上記各試験例で作製した正極を5cm×20cmの寸法に裁断して正極サンプルを作製した。この正極の下部3cmを、上記各試験例で用いた非水電解液に垂直に浸し、電解液が正極活物質層に浸透する速度(cm/h)を測定した。なお、電解液が正極活物質層に浸透する様子は、電解液が浸透した際の正極活物質層の色の変化より把握した。結果を表1に示す。
30 電池ケース
36 安全弁
42 正極端子
42a 正極集電板
44 負極端子
44a 負極集電板
50 正極シート(正極)
52 正極集電体
52a 正極活物質層非形成部分
54 正極活物質層
60 負極シート(負極)
62 負極集電体
62a 負極活物質層非形成部分
64 負極活物質層
70 セパレータシート(セパレータ)
80 非水電解液
100 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (7)
- 正極集電体と、前記正極集電体上に支持された正極活物質層とを備える正極であって、
前記正極活物質層は、正極活物質と、界面活性剤と、を含有し、
前記正極活物質は、リチウム以外の金属原子に対するニッケルの含有量が70モル%以上であるリチウム複合酸化物を含み、
前記正極活物質層は、前記正極活物質と前記界面活性剤との合計に対する前記界面活性剤の質量割合が異なる2以上の層を含む複層構造を有し、
前記複層構造が含む層はそれぞれ、バインダとしてポリフッ化ビニリデンを含有し、
前記複層構造が含む層のうちの前記界面活性剤の質量割合が大きい層における、前記界面活性剤の前記質量割合が、1.0質量%以上10質量%以下であり、
前記複層構造が含む層のうちの前記界面活性剤の質量割合が小さい層における、前記界面活性剤の前記質量割合が、0.2質量%以上0.5質量%以下である、
正極。 - 前記界面活性剤の質量割合が小さい層の厚みに対する前記界面活性剤の前記質量割合が大きい層の厚みの比が、0.1以上0.5以下である、請求項1に記載の正極。
- 前記界面活性剤の質量割合が大きい層における、前記界面活性剤の前記質量割合が、1.0質量%以上5.0質量%以下である、請求項1または2に記載の正極。
- 前記界面活性剤が、非イオン性界面活性剤である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の正極。
- 前記界面活性剤の質量割合が大きい層において、前記界面活性剤による前記正極活物質の被覆率が、5%以上50%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の正極。
- 前記界面活性剤の質量割合が大きい層が、単粒子状の正極活物質を含有し、
前記単粒子状の正極活物質の粒子は、1個の単粒子から、または10個以下の単粒子が凝集して構成され、
前記単粒子は、単一の結晶核の成長によって生成した粒子であり、
前記単粒子の最大径は、0.5μm以上である、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の正極。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の正極と、
負極と、
非水電解液と、
を備える非水電解液二次電池。
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JP2003142082A (ja) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電池用電極の製造方法とリチウム電池 |
JP2005174631A (ja) | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池用正極板および非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2010251047A (ja) | 2009-04-14 | 2010-11-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 正極の製造方法 |
JP2012528466A (ja) | 2009-05-29 | 2012-11-12 | アーケマ・インコーポレイテッド | 水性ポリフッ化ビニリデン組成物 |
JP2018500720A (ja) | 2014-10-28 | 2018-01-11 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、この製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
WO2021012768A1 (en) | 2019-07-19 | 2021-01-28 | Ningde Amperex Technology Limited | Cathode and electrochemical device |
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JP2003142082A (ja) | 2001-11-02 | 2003-05-16 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電池用電極の製造方法とリチウム電池 |
JP2005174631A (ja) | 2003-12-09 | 2005-06-30 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池用正極板および非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2010251047A (ja) | 2009-04-14 | 2010-11-04 | Toyota Motor Corp | 正極の製造方法 |
JP2012528466A (ja) | 2009-05-29 | 2012-11-12 | アーケマ・インコーポレイテッド | 水性ポリフッ化ビニリデン組成物 |
JP2018500720A (ja) | 2014-10-28 | 2018-01-11 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | リチウム二次電池用正極活物質、この製造方法及びこれを含むリチウム二次電池 |
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