JP7434230B2 - 正極活物質およびこれを含む非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質およびこれを含む非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 119
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
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- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNKBOFWCTUSAAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mn].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mn].[Ni].[Li] JNKBOFWCTUSAAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
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- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910018040 Li 1+x Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Description
Li1+xNiyCozMn(1-y-z)MαO2-βQβ (I)
第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子としてのLiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2と、第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子としてのLiNi0.55Co0.2Mn0.25O2と、導電材としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、リチウム複合酸化物粒子(第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子と第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子との合計):AB:PVDF=97.5:1.5:1.0の質量比で混合し、得られた混合物にN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極活物質層形成用スラリーを調製した。このとき、第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子および第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子としては、表1に示す粒子特性を有するものを使用した。また、第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子と第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子との混合比(質量比)は、表1に示す比とした。
第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子としてのLiNi0.35Co0.30Mn0.35O2と、第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子としてのLiNi0.55Co0.2Mn0.25O2と、導電材としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、リチウム複合酸化物粒子(第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子と第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子との合計):AB:PVDF=97.5:1.5:1.0の質量比で混合し、得られた混合物にN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極活物質層形成用スラリーを調製した。このとき、第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子および第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子としては、表2に示す粒子特性を有するものを使用した。また、第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子と第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子との混合比(質量比)は表2に示す比とした。
リチウム複合酸化物粒子のDBP吸油量測定は、JIS K6217-4:2008に記載の方法に準拠して行った。具体的には、試料としてリチウム複合酸化物粒子60gを測り取り、吸油量測定装置「S-500」(あさひ総研社製)にセットした。試料を撹拌翼でかき混ぜつつ、DBPを滴下し、このときのトルク曲線を記録した。最大トルクの70%でのDBP滴下量を読み取り、これに基づき、DBP吸油量(mL/100g)を算出した。この測定を3回行い、得られたDBP吸油量の平均値を、試料に用いたリチウム複合酸化物粒子のDBP吸油量として求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。
市販のレーザ回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置を用いて、リチウム複合酸化物粒子の体積基準の粒度分布を測定し、粒径が小さい微粒子側からの累積頻度50体積%に相当する粒径を、リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)として求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。
走査型電子顕微鏡を用いてリチウム複合酸化物粒子の顕微鏡画像を取得した。画像解析式粒度分布測定ソフトウェア「Mac-View」を用いて、任意に選択した50個以上の一次粒子の長径をそれぞれ求めた。その平均値を算出して、これをリチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子として採用した。結果を表1および2に示す。
各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を室温下で、0.1Cの電流値で4.2Vまで定電流充電し、その後0.1Cの電流値で2.5Vまで定電流放電した。このときの放電容量を求め、これを初期容量とした。比較例1の初期容量を100とした場合の各実施例およびその他の比較例の初期容量の比を求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。
出力特性の指標として、初期抵抗について評価した。上記作製した各評価リチウムイオン二次電池をSOC50%の状態に調整した後、25℃の環境下に置いた。種々の電流値で2秒間放電を行い、各電流値で放電した後の電池電圧を測定した。各電流値と各電池電圧とをプロットして放電時におけるI-V特性を求め、得られた直線の傾きから放電時におけるIV抵抗(Ω)を初期抵抗として求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。
30 電池ケース
36 安全弁
42 正極端子
42a 正極集電板
44 負極端子
44a 負極集電板
50 正極シート(正極)
52 正極集電体
52a 正極活物質層非形成部分
54 正極活物質層
60 負極シート(負極)
62 負極集電体
62a 負極活物質層非形成部分
64 負極活物質層
70 セパレータシート(セパレータ)
80 非水電解質
100 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (5)
- 層状構造を有する第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子と、層状構造を有する第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子と、を含有する正極活物質であって、
前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)が、3.0μm~6.0μmであり、
前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子のジブチルフタレート吸油量が、18mL/100g~27mL/100gであり、
前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)が、10.0μm~22.0μmであり、
前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子のジブチルフタレート吸油量が、16mL/100g~22mL/100gである、
正極活物質。 - 前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子および前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子がそれぞれ、ニッケルコバルトマンガン系複合酸化物の粒子である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子において、リチウム以外の金属元素の合計に対するニッケルの量が、60モル%以上である、請求項2に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子において、リチウム以外の金属元素の合計に対するニッケルの量が、55モル%以上である、請求項3に記載の正極活物質。
- 正極と、
負極と、
非水電解質と、を備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極が、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質を含む、
非水電解質二次電池。
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