JP7426360B2 - 正極活物質およびこれを含む非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質およびこれを含む非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 140
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 134
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 108
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 92
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 91
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 63
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
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- -1 lithium nickel cobalt aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 6
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1OC(=O)OC1F DSMUTQTWFHVVGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002174 Styrene-butadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JNKBOFWCTUSAAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mn].[Ni].[Li] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mn].[Ni].[Li] JNKBOFWCTUSAAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt lithium Chemical compound [Li].[Co] CKFRRHLHAJZIIN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JIUHVFMKOJAZDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound OC(=O)OC(F)(F)CF JIUHVFMKOJAZDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910018040 Li 1+x Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910011328 LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002194 amorphous carbon material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Description
Li1+xNiyCozMn(1-y-z)MαO2-βQβ (I)
(1)層状構造を有し、平均粒子径が3.0μm~6.0μmであり、DBP吸油量が15mL/100g~27mL/100gである、第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子
(2)層状構造を有し、平均粒子径が10.0μm~22.0μmであり、DBP吸油量が14mL/100g~22mL/100gである第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子
正極活物質として、第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子としてのLiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2と、第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子としてのLiNi0.55Co0.2Mn0.25O2とを、50:50の質量比で用意した。第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子および第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子としては、表1に示す粒子特性を有するものを使用した。この正極活物質と、導電材としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、正極活物質:AB:PVDF=97.5:1.5:1.0の質量比で混合し、得られた混合物にN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極活物質層形成用スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質として、第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子としてのLiNi0.35Co0.30Mn0.35O2と、第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子としてのLiNi0.55Co0.2Mn0.25O2とを、50:50の質量比で用意した。第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子および第2リチウム複合酸化物粒子としては、表2に示す粒子特性を有するものを使用した。この正極活物質と、導電材としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)と、バインダとしてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)とを、正極活物質:AB:PVDF=97.5:1.5:1.0の質量比で混合し、得られた混合物にN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を適量加えて、正極活物質層形成用スラリーを調製した。
正極活物質のタップ密度を、JIS K1469:2003に規定される方法によって測定した。具体的には、市販のタッピングマシン「KRS-409型」(蔵持科学機器製作所製)のガラスシリンダー容器にリチウム複合酸化物粒子の試料50gを充填し、振幅8mmで2000回タッピングを行い、容積を測定した。測定結果から、粉体充填密度(みかけ密度)を算出し、2回の測定結果の平均値をリチウム複合酸化物粒子のタップ密度として採用した。結果を表1および2に示す。
各実施例および各比較例において作製した正極シートについて、下記式に従って正極充填密度を求めた。なお、正極充填密度とは、正極シートにおいて、空隙部分を含めた正極活物質層の単位体積あたりに含まれる正極活物質層の構成成分(すなわち、正極活物質と、導電材、バインダ等の任意成分)の質量のことを指す。
(式) 正極充填密度(g/cm3)=正極活物質層の質量/正極活物質層の体積
リチウム複合酸化物粒子のDBP吸油量測定は、JIS K6217-4:2008に記載の方法に準拠して行った。具体的には、正極活物質および各リチウム複合酸化物粒子の測定試料60gを測り取り、吸油量測定装置「S-500」(あさひ総研社製)にセットした。試料を撹拌翼でかき混ぜつつ、DBPを滴下し、このときのトルク曲線を記録した。最大トルクの70%でのDBP滴下量を読み取り、これに基づき、DBP吸油量(mL/100g)を算出した。この測定を3回行い、得られたDBP吸油量の平均値を、正極活物質および各リチウム複合酸化物粒子のDBP吸油量として求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。
市販のレーザ回折・散乱式粒度分布測定装置を用いて、リチウム複合酸化物粒子の体積基準の粒度分布を測定し、粒径が小さい微粒子側からの累積頻度50体積%に相当する粒径を、リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)として求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。
走査型電子顕微鏡を用いてリチウム複合酸化物粒子の顕微鏡画像を取得した。画像解析式粒度分布測定ソフトウェア「Mac-View」を用いて、任意に選択した50個以上の一次粒子の長径をそれぞれ求めた。その平均値を算出して、これをリチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均一次粒子として採用した。結果を表1および2に示す。
各評価用リチウムイオン二次電池を室温下で、0.1Cの電流値で4.2Vまで定電流充電し、その後0.1Cの電流値で2.5Vまで定電流放電した。このときの放電容量を求め、これを初期容量とした。比較例1の初期容量を100とした場合の各実施例およびその他の比較例の初期容量の比を求めた。結果を表1および2に示す。
出力特性の指標として、初期抵抗について評価した。上記作製した各評価リチウムイオン二次電池をSOC50%の状態に調整した後、25℃の環境下に置いた。種々の電流値で2秒間放電を行い、各電流値で放電した後の電池電圧を測定した。各電流値と各電池電圧とをプロットして放電時におけるI-V特性を求め、得られた直線の傾きから放電時におけるIV抵抗(Ω)を初期抵抗として求めた。
30 電池ケース
36 安全弁
42 正極端子
42a 正極集電板
44 負極端子
44a 負極集電板
50 正極シート(正極)
52 正極集電体
52a 正極活物質層非形成部分
54 正極活物質層
60 負極シート(負極)
62 負極集電体
62a 負極活物質層非形成部分
64 負極活物質層
70 セパレータシート(セパレータ)
80 非水電解質
100 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (7)
- 層状構造を有するリチウム複合酸化物の粒子を含有する正極活物質であって、
前記正極活物質のタップ密度が、2.8g/cm3~3.0g/cm3であり、かつ
前記正極活物質のジブチルフタレート吸油量が16.0mL/100g~18.5mL/100gである、
正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物が、リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系複合酸化物である、請求項1に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン系複合酸化物におけるリチウム以外の金属元素の合計に対するニッケルの含有量が、55モル%以上である、請求項2に記載の正極活物質。
- 前記正極活物質のタップ密度が、2.9g/cm3~3.0g/cm3である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質。
- 正極と、
負極と、
非水電解質と、を備える非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記正極が、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の正極活物質を含む、
非水電解質二次電池。 - 層状構造を有するリチウム複合酸化物の粒子を含有する正極活物質であって、
前記正極活物質のタップ密度が、2.8g/cm3~3.0g/cm3であり、かつ
前記正極活物質のジブチルフタレート吸油量が14.5mL/100g~18.5mL/100gであり、
前記正極活物質は、平均一次粒子径が1.4μm~2.5μmである一次粒子が凝集した二次粒子からなる第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子を含む、
正極活物質。 - 前記第1リチウム複合酸化物粒子の平均粒子径(D50)が、3.0μm~5.5μmである、請求項6に記載の正極活物質。
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JP2004335223A (ja) | 2003-05-06 | 2004-11-25 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
WO2018021555A1 (ja) | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ニッケルマンガン複合水酸化物とその製造方法、非水系電解質二次電池用正極活物質とその製造方法、および非水系電解質二次電池 |
JP2020198198A (ja) | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-10 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質前駆体、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質前駆体の製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池 |
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