JP7391327B2 - 重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進剤、上皮疾患治療剤及び重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進方法 - Google Patents
重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進剤、上皮疾患治療剤及び重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[1]間葉系幹細胞の分泌物を含む、重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進剤。
[2]上記分泌物が、動物血清を含まない、[1]に記載の正常分化・成熟促進剤。
[3]上記間葉系幹細胞が、脂肪由来間葉系幹細胞、臍帯由来間葉系幹細胞又は骨髄由来間葉系幹細胞である、[1]又は[2]に記載の正常分化・成熟促進剤。
[4]上記重層扁平上皮細胞が、角膜上皮細胞、結膜上皮細胞、表皮角化細胞、口腔上皮細胞、咽頭蓋上皮細胞、食道上皮細胞、膣上皮細胞、声帯ヒダ上皮細胞、鼻腔上皮細胞及び鼻前庭上皮細胞からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である、[1]から[3]のいずれかに記載の正常分化・成熟促進剤。
[5][1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の正常分化・成熟促進剤を含む、上皮疾患治療剤。
[6]上記上皮疾患が、重層扁平上皮細胞を有する組織が関与する疾患である、[5]に記載の上皮疾患治療剤。
[7]上記上皮疾患が、角膜疾患、結膜疾患、口腔疾患又は表皮疾患である、[6]に記載の上皮疾患治療剤。
[8]上記上皮疾患が、ドライアイ、翼状片、瘢痕、EBウイルス角膜炎、角膜上皮幹細胞疲弊症、シェーグレン症候群又は強皮症である、[7]に記載の上皮疾患治療剤。
[9]間葉系幹細胞の分泌物を使用することを特徴とする、重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進方法。
本発明の重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進剤は、間葉系幹細胞の分泌物を含む。本発明の正常分化・成熟促進剤によると、角膜上皮細胞等の重層扁平上皮細胞の正常な分化・成熟を促進させることができ、また細胞間のタイトジャンクション形成をも促進し、組織のバリア機能を上昇させることができる。
上皮組織は、並んでいる細胞の形により、扁平、立方、円柱の各上皮細胞グループに分かれ、これらの細胞が1層であるのか、上下に数多く積み重なっているのかにより、単層と重層とに分けられる。例えば単層扁平上皮には血管やリンパ管の内腔を覆う上皮が属し、単層円柱上皮には腸内腔をおおう腸上皮にその例を見る。本発明の正常分化・成熟促進剤が分化・成熟誘導効果を奏する重層扁平上皮は、眼、皮膚等の表面を覆う上皮であり、摩擦等の機械的刺激に強いことが知られている。
(間葉系幹細胞)
本発明において間葉系幹細胞とは、骨細胞、心筋細胞、軟骨細胞、腱細胞、脂肪細胞等の間葉系に属する細胞のいずれかへの分化能を有し、この分化能を維持したまま増殖できる細胞を意味する。例えば脂肪、臍帯、骨髄、血液、骨膜、真皮、胎盤、羊膜、絨毛膜、脱落膜、筋肉、子宮内膜、真皮、歯小嚢、歯根膜、歯髄、歯胚等由来の間葉系幹細胞が挙げられ、好ましくは脂肪由来、臍帯由来、骨髄由来の間葉系幹細胞であり、より好ましくは脂肪由来、臍帯由来の間葉系幹細胞であり、さらに好ましくは脂肪由来の間葉系幹細胞である。ここで、「由来」とは、上記細胞が、供給源である組織から獲得され、成長、或いはin vitroで操作された細胞であることを示す。なお、本発明における間葉系幹細胞は、上記間葉系幹細胞の集合体であり、互いに異なる特性を有する複数種の間葉系幹細胞が含まれていてもよいし、実質的に均一な間葉系幹細胞の集合体であってもよい。ドナーの組織から分離したプライマリーの細胞であってもよいし、株化された細胞であってもよい。
間葉系幹細胞は、当業者に周知の方法により調製することができる。上述したとおり、ドナーの組織から分離したプライマリーの細胞であってもよいし、株化された細胞であってもよい。以下に、一つの例として、プライマリーの脂肪由来間葉系幹細胞の調製方法を説明する。脂肪由来間葉系幹細胞は、例えば米国特許第6,777,231号に記載の製造方法によって得られて良く、例えば、以下の工程(i)~(iii)を含む方法で調製することができる:
(i) 脂肪組織を酵素による消化により細胞懸濁物を得る工程;
(ii) 細胞を沈降させ、細胞を適切な培地に再懸濁する工程;ならびに
(iii) 細胞を固体表面で培養し、固体表面への結合を示さない細胞を除去する工程。
上述した間葉系幹細胞を、以下の方法によって培養して得られる上清、該上清から透析・限外濾過等の手段により不要な成分を除去したもの、該上清をカラム等で分画して得られる画分、特定の分子に対する抗体等を用いて選択した画分、遠心操作により取得した画分等を本発明の正常分化・成熟促進剤における間葉系幹細胞の分泌物とすることができる。
本発明の正常分化・成熟促進剤は、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲でその他の成分を含んでいてもよい。その他の成分としては、その他の有効成分や、一般的な医薬品、医薬部外品等が含むことができる有効成分以外の薬学的に許容される担体等の成分が挙げられる。上記得られた間葉系幹細胞の分泌物と、必要に応じて配合するその他の成分を、常法に従って混合し、本発明の正常分化・成熟促進剤とすることができる。
本発明の正常分化・成熟促進剤は、角膜上皮細胞等の重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化を促進させることができ、また細胞間のタイトジャンクション形成をも促進し、組織のバリア機能を上昇させることができるため、上皮疾患を予防及び/又は治療するために用いることができる。すなわち、本発明の正常分化・成熟促進剤自体を上皮疾患の予防及び/又は治療のために直接用いてもよいし、それぞれの上皮疾患の処置に適するように必要な成分を添加等して、適切な剤型とした上皮疾患治療剤に使用することもできる。
本発明の上皮疾患治療剤は、上述の正常分化・成熟促進剤を含むことを特徴とする。本発明の正常分化・成熟促進剤は、角膜上皮細胞等の重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化を促進させることができ、また細胞間のタイトジャンクション形成をも促進し、細胞のバリア機能を上昇させることができるため、これを含む上皮疾患治療剤も同様の効果を奏する。なお、正常分化・成熟促進剤についての具体的な説明は、上述の重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進剤の項の説明をそのまま適用できる。
本発明の上皮疾患治療剤は、上述の正常分化・成熟促進剤(間葉系幹細胞の分泌物を含む)とその他の成分を常法により混合して製造することができる。
本発明の上皮疾患治療剤は、重層扁平上皮細胞を有する組織が関与する疾患の予防及び/又は治療のために好適に用いられる。なかでも、重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化を促進したり、細胞間のタイトジャンクションの形成を促進したりすることで効果を奏する疾患に対してより好適に用いられる。このような重層扁平上皮細胞としては、例えば、角膜上皮細胞、結膜上皮細胞、表皮角化細胞、口腔上皮細胞、咽頭蓋上皮細胞、食道上皮細胞、膣上皮細胞、声帯ヒダ上皮細胞、鼻腔上皮細胞、鼻前庭上皮細胞等が挙げられる。
本発明の上皮疾患治療剤は、常法によって適宜の製剤とすることができる。製剤の剤型としては散剤、顆粒剤などの固形製剤であってもよいが、優れた予防・治療効果を得る観点からは、溶液剤、乳剤、懸濁剤などの液剤とすることが好ましい。特に点眼剤とする場合には、溶液剤であることがより好ましい。上記液剤の製造方法としては、例えば上述した間葉系幹細胞の分泌物をそのまま使用する方法、その他溶剤と混合する方法や、さらに懸濁化剤や乳化剤を混合する方法を好適に例示することができる。以上のように、本発明における上皮疾患治療剤の製剤においては、製剤上の必要に応じて、適宜の薬学的に許容される担体、例えば、賦形剤、結合剤、溶剤、溶解補助剤、懸濁化剤、乳化剤、等張化剤、緩衝剤、安定化剤、無痛化剤、防腐剤、抗酸化剤、着色剤、滑沢剤、崩壊剤、湿潤剤、吸着剤、甘味剤、希釈剤などの任意成分を配合することができる。
本発明は、間葉系幹細胞の分泌物を使用することを特徴とする、重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進方法も含む。間葉系幹細胞の分泌物を角膜上皮細胞等の重層扁平上皮細胞に添加することで、重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化や細胞間のタイトジャンクション形成を促進し、細胞を成熟させ、組織のバリア機能を上昇させることができる。間葉系幹細胞の分泌物、重層扁平上皮細胞の分化誘導等の具体的内容については、重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進剤の項における説明をそのまま適用できる。なお、正常分化と成熟とは関連のある事象であるので、本発明の正常分化・成熟促進方法は、正常分化促進方法とすることもできる。
本発明は、間葉系幹細胞の分泌物を使用することを特徴とする、重層扁平上皮細胞のバリア機能亢進方法も含む。間葉系幹細胞の分泌物を角膜上皮細胞等の重層扁平上皮細胞に添加することで、重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化や細胞間のタイトジャンクション形成を促進し、細胞を成熟させ、組織のバリア機能を亢進させることができる。間葉系幹細胞の分泌物、重層扁平上皮細胞のバリア機能亢進等の具体的内容については、重層扁平上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進剤の項における説明をそのまま適用できる。
間葉系幹細胞としては、脂肪由来間葉系幹細胞(AD-MSC,PromoCell)を使用し、培養液はヒト間葉系幹細胞専用完全合成培地キット(MSC-GMCD,Lonza)、又は増殖培地DXF(PromoCell)を用いた。AD-MSCを上記培養液中、2,500-5,000cells/cm2の密度で播種し、70-80%コンフルエントまで培養した。その後、MSC-GMCD又はDMEM/F-12基礎培地(Lifetechnologies)に交換し、2-3日間培養した。培養上清を回収し、300×gで遠心処理後、細胞を除去し、評価用の間葉系幹細胞分泌物(MSC-CM)として取得した。必要に応じて15μmのフィルターを通して滅菌し、使用時まで-80℃で保存した。
ヒトドナー角膜由来角膜上皮細胞を12well-plateのcell culture insertに播種し、コンフルエントになるまで培養した。培養液は、2%B27supplement(Lifetechnologies)、20ng/mL KGF(Wako)、10μM Y-27632(Wako)含有DMEM/F-12(Lifetechnologies)を用いた。コンフルエントに到達後、MSC-CMをインサート内に添加した。コントロールとしては、上記MSC-CM取得時に並行して同じ処理をして取得した、細胞なしの培地のみ、を用いた。調製した角膜上皮細胞のTERを、Endohm-12 chamberとEVOM voltmeter(World precision instruments)を用いて経時的に測定した。結果を図1及び2に示す。
上記2において調製したcell culture insert上の角膜上皮細胞シートをPBSで洗浄した後、QIAzol Lysis Reagent(QIAGEN)を用いてRNAを精製した。次に、SuperScript(商標) III First-Strand Synthesis SuperMix for qRT-PCR(Invitrogen)により逆転写を行い、作製したcDNAを鋳型に用いて、ABI Prism 7500 Fast Sequence Detection System (Life Technologies)により定量的リアルタイムPCR(qRT-PCR)を行った。発現解析を行った遺伝子は、KRT12、KRT13、KRT14、CLDN1、TJP1、CDH1である。なお、GAPDHを100%としたときのそれぞれの遺伝子の相対的な発現量(%)を図5に示した。
上記2において調製したcell culture insert上の角膜上皮細胞をインサートのメンブレンとともにスカルペルを用いてくり抜き、5%NST(5%normal donkey serum,0.3%Triton-X100)/TBSで室温にて1時間ブロッキングした後、一次抗体を加え室温で1時間又は4℃で一晩反応させた。TBSで3回洗浄した後、二次抗体を加え室温で1時間反応させた。一次抗体には、抗Claudin-1抗体(Mouse monoclonal:2H10D10)、抗K12抗体(Goat polyclonal;N-16、Santa Cruz Biotechnology)を用いた。二次抗体には、Alexa Fluor(登録商標)488又は567標識抗マウス、ヒツジIgG抗体(Invitrogen)を使用した。抗体はいずれも1%NST/TBS(1%normal donkey serum,0.3%Triton-X100)で希釈して使用した。核の染色は、100倍希釈濃度のHoechst 33342で室温にて10分間処理をすることで行った。観察・撮影にはLSM710(Carl Zeiss)を使用した。Zenソフトウェアを用いて共焦点画像の3次元構築を行った。結果を図6及び7に示す。カラー写真において、Claudin-1の発現(細胞間のタイトジャンクション)は緑で、KRT12の発現(正常分化した扁平な細胞)は赤で示されている。
上記2において調製したcell culture insert上の角膜上皮細胞シートを2%グルタルアルデヒドで固定後、PBSで洗浄した。エタノールにて脱水後、t-ブタノールで置換した。その後、凍結乾燥し、スパッタコーティングし、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いた観察した。結果を図8に示す。
上記2の方法で、ヒト角膜上皮細胞にMSC培養上清(CM)を添加し16時間培養した。得られたヒト角膜上皮細胞をQIAzol Reagentにて回収し、miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen)を用いて推奨通りの方法でRNAを精製した。ライブラリの調製は、TruSeq strand mRNA sample prep kit (Illumina, San Diege, CA)を用いて行った。RNAシーケンスはIllumina Hiseq 2500 で行った。Illumina Casava ver1.8.2 softwareを用いてベースコールし、TopHat (ver. 2.0.13)、Bowtie2 (ver. 2.2.3)、SAMtools (ver. 0.1.19.)を用いてヒト参照ゲノム(hg19)を基にマッピングを行った。Cuffnom (ver. 2.3.1)を用いてFPKM(the number of fragments per kilobase of exon per million mapped fragments)値を算出した。解析結果を表1に示した。
ドライアイモデルは、Fujiharaらの方法(Improvement of corneal barrier function by the P2Y(2) agonist INS365 in a rat dry eye model.Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001 Jan;42(1):96-100)に基づき、SDラット(雄)の眼窩外涙腺を片眼において摘出することで作製した。ドライアイモデルラットを麻酔後、皮膚を切開し、眼窩外涙腺を摘出した。涙腺摘出後に間葉系幹細胞分泌物(培養上清)の点眼を4週間行った。眼表面解析時には、麻酔後、フルオレセインにより染色し、角膜上皮障害を評価した。結果を図9に示す。図9の右の図は、MSC分泌物の点眼を行った眼球であり、左の図は、コントロールである。
Claims (3)
- 間葉系幹細胞の培養上清を含む、角膜上皮細胞の正常分化・成熟促進剤。
- 上記培養上清が、動物血清を含まない、請求項1に記載の正常分化・成熟促進剤。
- 上記間葉系幹細胞が、脂肪由来間葉系幹細胞、臍帯由来間葉系幹細胞又は骨髄由来間葉系幹細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の正常分化・成熟促進剤。
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CN114350603B (zh) * | 2022-01-23 | 2022-08-23 | 上海揽微赛尔生物科技有限公司 | 包含外泌体的间充质干细胞胞外基质及其制备和在细胞修复中的应用 |
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US6777231B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2004-08-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Adipose-derived stem cells and lattices |
EP2336298B1 (en) | 2003-06-27 | 2016-02-17 | DePuy Synthes Products, Inc. | Postpartum cells derived from placental tissue and methods of making and using the same |
WO2009046335A1 (en) | 2007-10-05 | 2009-04-09 | Ethicon, Incorporated | Repair and regeneration of renal tissue using human umbilical cord tissue-derived cells |
WO2010040262A1 (zh) * | 2008-10-10 | 2010-04-15 | 深圳市嘉天源生物科技有限公司 | 分离动物胚胎间质性干细胞并提取其分泌物的方法 |
KR20100054711A (ko) | 2008-11-14 | 2010-05-25 | 메디포스트(주) | 간엽 줄기세포 또는 이의 배양액을 포함하는 신경질환의 예방 또는 치료용 조성물 |
KR20130008594A (ko) | 2010-03-26 | 2013-01-22 | 고쿠리츠 다이가쿠 호우징 나고야 다이가쿠 | 손상부 치료용 조성물 |
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US20140199275A1 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2014-07-17 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Treating tear film disorders with mesenchymal stem cells |
US10195252B2 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2019-02-05 | University of Pittsburgh—of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education | Recruitment of mensenchymal cells using controlled release systems |
WO2017022809A1 (ja) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-09 | 国立大学法人大阪大学 | 間葉系幹細胞由来エキソソーム |
CN106265744A (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-01-04 | 广州赛莱拉干细胞科技股份有限公司 | 脐带间充质干细胞在制备治疗角膜损伤的干细胞制剂中的应用 |
CN107412266A (zh) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-12-01 | 天津普瑞赛尔生物科技有限公司 | 含人间充质干细胞分泌物的小型宠物滴眼液及其制备方法 |
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WO2019139137A1 (ja) | 2019-07-18 |
CN111565732A (zh) | 2020-08-21 |
EP3738598A1 (en) | 2020-11-18 |
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