JP7327855B2 - レチノイドとがん治療薬との併用療法が有効ながん患者の選択方法およびレチノイドとがん治療薬との併用医薬 - Google Patents
レチノイドとがん治療薬との併用療法が有効ながん患者の選択方法およびレチノイドとがん治療薬との併用医薬 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[1]レチノイドとがん治療薬との併用療法が有効ながん患者を選択する方法であって、間質中にがん関連線維芽細胞の浸潤を伴う悪性腫瘍を有するがん患者を選択する工程を含む方法。
[2]前記がん患者を選択する工程が、被験がん患者から得られた悪性腫瘍組織において、少なくとも1個のがん関連線維芽細胞を検出することを含む、前記[1]に記載の方法。
[3]前記がん患者を選択する工程が、被験がん患者から得られた悪性腫瘍組織の病理組織標本を作製し、顕微鏡観察下で少なくとも1個のがん関連線維芽細胞を検出することを含む、前記[1]または[2]に記載の方法。
[4]前記がん患者を選択する工程が、被験がん患者から得られた悪性腫瘍組織の病理組織標本を顕微鏡観察し、がん細胞領域と間質領域が含まれる任意の強拡大視野中に1個以上のがん関連線維芽細胞を検出することを含む、前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[5]がん関連線維芽細胞の検出が、ヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色を行った病理組織標本を顕微鏡観察することにより行われる、前記[3]または[4]に記載の方法。
[6]がん関連線維芽細胞の検出が、がん関連線維芽細胞のマーカー分子に対する免疫組織化学染色またはin situ hybridizationにより行われる、前記[3]または[4]に記載の方法。
[7]前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、レチノイドとがん治療薬とを組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする医薬。
[8]がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、前記[7]に記載の医薬。
[9]レチノイドがタミバロテンである、前記[7]または[8]に記載の医薬。
[10]レチノイドが先行投与されるように用いられる前記[7]~[9]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[11]前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、レチノイドを有効成分とする、がん治療薬の作用増強用および/またはがん治療薬の標的腫瘍組織への送達促進用医薬。
[12]がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、前記[11]に記載の医薬。
[13]レチノイドがタミバロテンである、前記[11]または[12]に記載の医薬。
[14]前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、腫瘍組織の細胞にメフリンを過剰発現させる組成物を有効成分とする、がん治療薬の作用増強用医薬。
[15]メフリンを過剰発現させる組成物がメフリン遺伝子を含有するウイルスベクターである、前記[14]に記載の医薬。
[16]がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、前記[14]または[15]に記載の医薬。
[17]前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤とがん治療薬とを組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする医薬。
[18]がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、前記[17]に記載の医薬。
[19]がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤が先行投与されるように用いられる前記[17]または[18]に記載の医薬。
[20]前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤を有効成分とする、がん治療薬の作用増強用および/またはがん治療薬の標的腫瘍組織への送達促進用医薬。
[21]がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、前記[20]に記載の医薬。
本発明は、レチノイドとがん治療薬とを組み合わせて投与されるがん治療用医薬を提供する(以下、「本発明の第1の医薬」と記す)。本発明の第1の医薬の投与対象は、間質中にがん関連線維芽細胞の浸潤を伴う悪性腫瘍を有するがん患者である。間質中にがん関連線維芽細胞の浸潤を伴う悪性腫瘍を有するがん患者は、以下で説明する方法により選択することができる。このようなレチノイドとがん治療薬との併用療法が有効ながん患者を選択する方法も、本発明に含まれる。
本発明は、腫瘍組織の細胞にメフリンを過剰発現させる組成物を有効成分とする、がん治療薬の作用増強用医薬を提供する(以下、「本発明の第2の医薬」と記す)。本発明の第2の医薬の投与対象は、本発明の第1の医薬の投与対象と同じ、間質中にCAFの浸潤を伴う悪性腫瘍を有するがん患者である。したがって、本発明の第2の医薬の投与対象は、上述の本発明のがん患者選択方法によって選択することができる。
本発明は、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤とがん治療薬とを組み合わせて投与されるがん治療用医薬を提供する(以下、「本発明の第3の医薬」と記す)。本発明の第3の医薬の投与対象は、本発明の第1の医薬の投与対象と同じ、間質中にCAFの浸潤を伴う悪性腫瘍を有するがん患者である。したがって、本発明の第3の医薬の投与対象は、上述の本発明のがん患者選択方法によって選択することができる。
(1)上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択されたがん患者に、レチノイドとがん治療薬とを組み合わせて投与することを含む、がん治療方法。
(2)上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択されたがん患者に、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤とがん治療薬とを組み合わせて投与することを含む、がん治療方法。
(3)上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者に、レチノイド、腫瘍組織の細胞にメフリンを過剰発現させる組成物、または、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤を投与することを含む、がん治療薬の作用増強方法。
(4)上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者に、レチノイド、または、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤を投与することを含む、がん治療薬の標的腫瘍組織への送達促進方法。
(5)がん治療用医薬を製造するための、レチノイド、または、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤の使用であって、上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者を対象とする使用。
(6)がん治療薬の作用増強用医薬を製造するための、レチノイド、腫瘍組織の細胞にメフリンを過剰発現させる組成物、または、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤の使用であって、上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者を対象とする使用。
(7)がん治療薬の標的腫瘍組織への送達促進用医薬を製造するための、レチノイド、または、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤の使用であって、上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者を対象とする使用。
(8)レチノイドおよびがん治療薬を含むがん治療キットであって、レチノイドとがん治療薬が別の容器に入っており、上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択されたがん患者を治療対象とする、キット。
(9)上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者のがん治療に使用するための、レチノイド。
(10)上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者のがん治療に使用するための、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤。
(11)上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者におけるがん治療薬の作用増強のための、レチノイド、腫瘍組織の細胞にメフリンを過剰発現させる組成物、または、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤の使用。
(12)上記本発明のがん患者選択方法により選択され、がん治療薬を投与されている患者におけるがん治療薬の標的腫瘍組織への送達を促進するための、レチノイド、または、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤の使用。
手術または生検で得られる腫瘍組織から、定法に従って組織標本を作製し、HE染色を行う。病理診断医がHE染色標本を顕微鏡で観察し、形態学的にCAFの有無を判定する。
手術または生検で得られた腫瘍組織から作製した組織標本に対して、CAFのマーカー分子に対する抗体を用いるIHCまたはCAFのマーカー分子のmRNAにハイブリダイズするプローブを用いるISHを行い、顕微鏡で観察して陽性シグナルの有無により判定する。本実施例では、CAFのマーカー分子としてメフリンを採用し、抗メフリン抗体を用いるIHCとメフリン遺伝子のmRNAにハイブリダイズするプローブを用いるISHを行う。
(1)実験方法
BALB/c-nu雌性ヌードマウスにヒトすい臓がん細胞BxPC-3(1.0×106個)を皮下移植し、がん細胞単独移植群とする。また、BALB/c-nu雌性ヌードマウスにヒトすい臓がん細胞BxPC-3(1.0×106個)とヒト膵星細胞(5.0×106個)を皮下移植し、共移植群とする。膵星細胞は膵臓の線維芽細胞であり、CAFの起源細胞と考えられている。がん細胞単独移植群および共移植群をそれぞれゲムシタビン(Gem)とタミバロテン(AM80)を投与する群(Gem+AM80群)およびGemとDMSOを投与する群(Gem+DMSO群)の2群に分ける。AM80(3.0mg/kg)またはDMSOは移植後3日目より14日目まで連日経口投与する。Gem(50mg/kg)は移植後6日目より3日に1回腹腔内投与する。移植後15日目に腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図25に示す。
結果を図26に示す。(A)はがん細胞単独移植群の結果、(B)は共移植群の結果である。がん細胞単独移植群では、Gem+AM80群とGem+DMSO群との間に有意差は認められない。共移植群では、Gem+AM80群で有意に縮小効果が得られる。この結果は、間質中にCAFの浸潤を伴う悪性腫瘍では抗がん剤の腫瘍縮小効果をAM80が増強することを示す。
(1)実験方法
初代ヒト膵星細胞は、東北大学・正宗博士から分与を受けたものを使用する。初代マウス間葉系幹細胞はCyagen株式会社より購入したものを使用する。膵星細胞および間葉系幹細胞は、どちらもCAFの起源細胞と考えられている。レチノイドは、SCREEN-WELL Nuclear Receptor ligand library(ENZO)に含まれるレチノイドを使用する。培養液は、DMEM+10%FBSを使用する。コラーゲンコートディッシュに細胞を播種して100%コンフルエントになるまで培養し、各種レチノイドを濃度が1μMとなるように添加する。48時間後に細胞を回収し、RNeasyPLUS KIT(QIAGEN)を使用しRNAを抽出し、ReverseTra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix(TOYOBO)を使用してcDNAを合成する。Gene expression assay(Thermo Fisher scientific)を使用して、qPCRでメフリン遺伝子(ISLRおよびIslr)の発現量を測定する。
初代ヒト膵星細胞の結果を表1に示す。ISLR発現量は、コントロール(DMSO処理細胞)のISLR発現量を1としたときの相対発現量で示している。用いたレチノイドは、すべてISLR発現量を上昇させる。ここで、がん促進性CAFのマーカーはαSMA(遺伝子名:ACTA2)であり、がん抑制性CAFのマーカーはメフリン(遺伝子名:ISLR)であり、CAFにおける両マーカーの発現量は反比例することがわかっている。したがって、この結果はレチノイドがヒトのがん促進性CAFをがん抑制性CAFにリプログラミングすることを示す。
(1)実験方法
実施例4の初代マウス間葉系幹細胞を用いた実験と同じ方法で行う。レチノイドとしてATRA、AM80およびAM580を用いる。メフリン遺伝子(Islr)、アクチン遺伝子(Acta2)、I型コラーゲン遺伝子(Col1a1)およびIII型コラーゲン遺伝子(Col3a1)の発現量をqPCRで測定する。
結果を図27に示す。(A)がメフリン遺伝子(Islr)、(B)がアクチン遺伝子(Acta2)、(C)がI型コラーゲン遺伝子(Col1a1)、(D)がIII型コラーゲン遺伝子(Col3a1)の結果である。コントロール(DMSO)では、Acta2、Col1a1およびCol3a1の発現量が高く、Islrの発現量が低い。一方レチノイド(ATRA、AM80、AM580)処理群は、Islrが高くなり、Acta2、Col1a1およびCol3a1の発現量が低くなる。この結果は、がん促進性CAFが、レチノイドによりがん抑制性CAFにリプログラミングされることを示す。
(1)実験方法
コールド・スプリング・ハーバー研究所のDavid Tuveson博士から分与を受けた、すい臓がん細胞mT5を使用する。mT5は、すい臓がん自然発症モデルであるKPCマウスに発症したすい腫瘍から樹立したすい臓がん細胞である(Organoid models of human and mouse ductal pancreatic cancer. Cell. 2015 Jan 15;160(1-2):324-38. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2014.12.021. Epub 2014 Dec 31.)。
(2-1)腫瘍体積
腫瘍体積の推移を図29に示す。各群間に有意差はなく、いずれの濃度のAM80を投与しても、すい臓がん細胞の増殖を抑制しない。また、AM80の投与はマウスの体重に影響を及ぼさない。
腫瘍標本におけるIslrの発現をISHで検出した結果を図30に示す。(A)はコントロール群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像、(B)はAM80の3 mg/kg/day群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像、(C)はコントロール群およびAM80の3 mg/kg/day群における強拡大視野(400倍)あたりのIslr陽性シグナルのドット数を比較する図である。AM80投与により、抑制性CAFのマーカーであるIslrの発現は上昇しており、AM80の3 mg/kg/day群のIslr陽性シグナルのドット数は、コントロール群より有意に多い。
腫瘍標本におけるActa2の発現細胞をISHで検出した結果を図31に示す。(A)はコントロール群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像、(B)はAM80の3 mg/kg/day群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像、(C)はコントロール群およびAM80の3 mg/kg/day群における強拡大視野(400倍)あたりのActa2陽性シグナルのドット数を比較する図である。AM80投与により、促進性CAFのマーカーであるActa2の発現は減少しており、AM80の3 mg/kg/day群のActa2陽性シグナルのドット数は、コントロール群より有意に少ない。
腫瘍標本を抗CD31抗体で免疫染色した結果を図32に示す。(A)はコントロール群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像、(B)はAM80の3 mg/kg/day群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像、(C)はコントロール群とAM80の3 mg/kg/day群の血管内腔面積を比較する図である。AM80の3 mg/kg/day群の血管内腔面積は、コントロール群の血管内腔面積より有意に増加している。
C57BL/6J雌性マウスの皮下にマウスすい臓がん細胞mT5を移植して形成された腫瘍は、CAFマーカーであるIslrまたはActa2が発現していることから、間質中にCAFの浸潤を伴う悪性腫瘍と判定される。実施例6の結果は、がん促進性CAFがある状態(コントロール群、Acta2陽性)では間質内圧が高く血管は圧により押しつぶされていると考えられ、AM80投与によりがん抑制性CAFにリプログラミングされると(Islr陽性)、コラーゲン産生等が変化して間質のリモデリングが起こり、間質内圧が低下して押しつぶされていた血管が開くと考えられる。これにより、腫瘍へのドラッグデリバリーが改善されると考えられる。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。8日後(Day8)に、腫瘍体積が均等になるようにコントロール群、ゲムシタビン投与群(Gem群)およびゲムシタビンとタミバロテン投与群(Gem+AM80群)の3群に群分けする(各群n=8)。Gem+AM80群には、Day8から1日1回17日間、タミバロテン(3.0mg/kg)を経口投与する。また、Gem群およびGem+AM80群には、ゲムシタビン(50mg/kg)をDay15、Day18およびDay21に各1回ずつ腹腔内投与する。コントロール群には、タミバロテンの代わりにDMSOを経口投与し、ゲムシタビンの代わりに生理食塩水を腹腔内投与する。AM80投与開始前(Day8)、Day12、Day15、Day18、Day21、Day24に腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図33に示す。
結果を図34に示す。図34は、Gem群はコントロール群より有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制し、Gem+AM80群はGem群より有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。この結果は、タミバロテンがゲムシタビンの腫瘍増殖抑制作用を顕著に増強することを示す。
(1)実験方法
BALB/c-nu雌性ヌードマウスに、ヒトすい臓がん細胞BxPC-3(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。腫瘍体積が50~150 mm3に達した時点で、腫瘍体積が均等になるようにコントロール群、ゲムシタビンとナブパクリタキセル投与群(Gem+nabPTX群)、およびゲムシタビンとナブパクリタキセルとタミバロテン投与群(Gem+nabPTX+AM80群)の3群に群分けする(各群n=7)。Gem+nabPTX+AM80群には、群分け日(Day1)から1日1回17日間、タミバロテン(3.0mg/kg)を経口投与する。また、Gem+nabPTX群およびGem+nabPTX+AM80群には、ゲムシタビン(50mg/kg)をDay7、Day10およびDay13に各1回ずつ腹腔内投与し、ナブパクリタキセル(5mg/kg)をDay7、Day10およびDay13に各1回ずつ静脈内投与する。コントロール群には、タミバロテンの代わりにDMSOを経口投与し、ゲムシタビンの代わりに生理食塩水を腹腔内投与し、ナブパクリタキセルの代わりに生理食塩水を静脈内投与する。AM80投与開始前(Day1)、Day4、Day7、Day10、Day13、Day16に腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図35に示す。
結果を図36に示す。図36は、Gem+nabPTX群はコントロール群より有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制し、Gem+nabPTX+AM80群はGem+nabPTX群より有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。この結果は、タミバロテンがゲムシタビンとナブパクリタキセル併用の腫瘍増殖抑制作用を、さらに顕著に増強することを示す。
(1)実験方法
マウスすい臓がん自然発症モデル(KPCマウス)(S. R. Hingorani et al., Trp53R172H and KrasG12D cooperate to promote chromosomal instability and widely metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in mice. Cancer Cell 7, 469-483 (2005).)において腹部エコー検査で膵腫瘍長径が1mm以上になったことを確認した時点(Day1)から、1日1回17日間、タミバロテン(3.0mg/kg)を経口投与する。ゲムシタビンとタミバロテン投与群(Gem+AM80群、n=5)には、ゲムシタビン(50mg/kg)をDay7、Day10およびDay13に各1回ずつ腹腔内投与する。コントロール群(Gem群、n=5)には、ゲムシタビン(50mg/kg)をDay7、Day10およびDay13に各1回ずつ腹腔内投与するが、タミバロテンは投与しない。AM80投与開始前(Day1)、Day8、Day15、Day22に腫瘍長径を測定する。プロトコールを図37に示す。
結果を図38に示す。図38は、Gem+AM80群はコントロール群(Gem群)より有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。KPCマウスはCAFの浸潤を伴うより多くの豊富な間質を有しておりヒト膵腫瘍に最も近いマウスモデルである。この自然発症モデルにおいてもタミバロテンがゲムシタビンの腫瘍増殖抑制作用を顕著に増強することを示す。
(1)実験方法
ゲムシタビンに代えて抗PD1抗体または抗PDL1抗体を用いる以外は、実施例9と同じ方法で実験を行う。その結果、タミバロテンと抗PD1抗体または抗PDL1抗体との併用群はコントロール群(抗PD1抗体単独投与群または抗PDL1抗体単独投与群)より有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制する。
(1)実験方法
メフリン欠失マウス(Maeda K. et al., Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 29;6:22288. doi: 10.1038/srep22288.)に、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。8日後(Day8)に、腫瘍体積が均等になるようにゲムシタビン単独投与群(Gem群、n=6)、ゲムシタビンとタミバロテン投与群(Gem+AM80群、n=6)の2群に群分けする。Gem+AM80群にはDay8から1日1回17日間、タミバロテン(3.0mg/kg)を経口投与する。Gem群およびGem+AM80群には、ゲムシタビン(50mg/kg)をDay15、Day18およびDay21に各1回ずつ腹腔内投与する。AM80投与開始前(Day8)、Day12、Day15、Day18、Day21、Day24に体重と腫瘍体積を測定する。Day24にマウスを安楽死させて腫瘍を摘出し組織標本を作製して、アクチン遺伝子(Acta2)の発現を検出するためにin situ hybridization(ISH)を行い、それぞれ陽性シグナルをカウントする。プロトコールを図39に示す。
(2-1)腫瘍体積
腫瘍体積の推移を図40に示す。両群間に有意差はなく、ゲムシタビンとタミバロテンの併用は、メフリン欠失マウスに移植されたすい臓がん細胞の増殖を抑制しない。両群間の体重にも有意差はない。
腫瘍標本におけるActa2の発現細胞をISHで検出した結果を図41に示す。(A)はGem群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像、(B)はGem+AM80群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像、(C)は両群の強拡大視野(400倍)あたりのActa2陽性シグナルのドット数を比較する図である。両群の陽性シグナルのドット数に差は認められない。この結果は、タミバロテンはメフリンを介して併用抗がん薬の効果を増強することを示す。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。腫瘍体積が50~100 mm3に達した時点で、腫瘍体積が均等になるように2群に分ける(各群n=7)。群分け日(Day1)、Day5およびDay9に、感染細胞にメフリンを過剰発現させるセンダイウイルス(SeV-Meflin)、および、感染細胞にGFPを過剰発現させるセンダイウイルス(SeV-GFP)をそれぞれ腫瘍内投与する。Day17に腫瘍体積を測定した後、マウスを安楽死させて腫瘍を摘出して組織標本を作製し、メフリン遺伝子(Islr)の発現を検出するためにin situ hybridization(ISH)を行う。プロトコールを図42に示す。
ISHの結果を図43に示す。(A)SeV-GFP群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像であり、(B)はSeV-Meflin群の代表的な顕微鏡観察像である。SeV-Meflin群ではメフリンが過剰発現している。腫瘍体積の推移を図44に示す。両群間に有意差はない。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。腫瘍体積が50~100 mm3に達した時点で、腫瘍体積が均等になるように2群に分ける(各群n=8)。群分け日(Day1)、Day5およびDay9に、感染細胞にメフリンを過剰発現させるセンダイウイルス(SeV-Meflin)、感染細胞にGFPを過剰発現させるセンダイウイルス(SeV-GFP)をそれぞれ腫瘍内投与する。また、ゲムシタビン(50mg/kg)をDay5、Day8、Day11およびDay14に各1回ずつ腹腔内投与する。Day17に腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図45に示す。
結果を図46に示す。SeV-Meflin群にゲムシタビンを投与すると、SeV-GFP群にゲムシタビンを投与するより有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制する。この結果は、腫瘍にメフリン遺伝子を導入してメフリンを過剰発現させることにより、抗がん剤の効果が増強されることを示す。
(1)実験方法
コントロールのFlp-In-293細胞またはマウスメフリンを安定して発現している細胞の培養上清を回収する(コントロールコンディション培地、メフリンコンディション培地)。次に、各コンディション培地を指定の濃度で組換えヒトLoxL2と混合し、LOX activity assay kit(Abcam社, ab112139)を用いてLOX活性を定量する。なお、組換えLOXは活性がないためLOXL2を使用する。
結果を図47に示す。この結果は、メフリンが有意にLOX活性を阻害することを示す。
(1)実験方法
マウスすい臓がん自然発症モデルであるKPCマウス(野生型)とメフリン欠失KPCマウス(Maeda K, et al. Identification of Meflin as a potential marker for mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2016;6:22288.)を使用する(各群n=6)。腫瘍による死亡直前のマウス(15~24週齢)を安楽死させてすい臓を摘出し、腫瘍の組織標本を作製する。腫瘍の組織標本からランダムに8~16枚の画像を選択し、第二高調波顕微鏡でコラーゲンの配列を測定し、曲率係数(coefficient of curvature)を算出してコラーゲンの直線性を解析する。
結果を図48に示す。(A)は野生型KPC群の代表的な第二高調波顕微鏡観察像、(B)はメフリン欠失KPC群の代表的な第二高調波顕微鏡観察像、(C)は両群のコラーゲンの曲率係数(coefficient of curvature)を比較した図であり、図中Nは観察視野数である。この結果はメフリン欠失KPC群において有意にコラーゲンの直線性が増加することを示す。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。8日後(Day8)に、腫瘍体積が均等になるように、コントロール群およびタミバロテン投与群(AM80群)の2群に群分けする(各群n=5)。AM80群にはDay8から1日1回7日間、タミバロテン(3.0mg/kg)を経口投与する。コントロール群には、タミバロテンの代わりにDMSOを経口投与する。Day15にマウスを安楽死させて腫瘍を摘出し、組織標本を作製する。腫瘍の組織標本からランダムに8~16枚の画像を選択し、第二高調波顕微鏡でコラーゲンの配列を測定し、曲率(直線性)を解析する。
結果を図49に示す。(A)はコントロール群の代表的な第二高調波顕微鏡観察像、(B)はAM80群の代表的な第二高調波顕微鏡観察像、(C)は両群のコラーゲンの曲率(直線性)を比較した図である。この結果は、コントロール群において有意にコラーゲンの直線性が増加することを示す。この結果から、AM80群ではタミバロテンの投与によりCAFのメフリン発現が誘導されて間質のLOXの活性を阻害することで、コラーゲンの直線性が低下することが示唆される。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。8日後(Day8)に、腫瘍体積が均等になるように、ゲムシタビン単独投与群(Gem群)、タミバロテン事前投与+ゲムシタビン投与群(AM80事前+Gem群)およびタミバロテン事前・同時投与+ゲムシタビン投与群(AM80事前&同時+Gem群)の3群に群分けする(各群n=5)。タミバロテン事前投与はDay8から1日1回7日間タミバロテン(3.0mg/kg)を経口投与する。タミバロテン同時投与はDay15から1日1回10日間タミバロテン(3.0mg/kg)を経口投与する。ゲムシタビン(50mg/kg)はDay15、Day18およびDay21に各1回ずつ腹腔内投与する。タミバロテン非投与マウス(Gem群)にはタミバロテンの事前・同時投与と同日にDMSOを経口投与する。AM80投与開始前(Day8)、Day12、Day15、Day18、Day21、Day24に腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図50に示す。
腫瘍体積の推移を図51に示す。この結果は、AM80事前+Gem群は、AM80事前&同時+Gem群と同程度に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。移植後8日目に腫瘍体積が均等になるように、抗PD-L1抗体投与群(PDL1群)および抗PD-L1抗体とタミバロテン投与群(PDL1+AM80群)の2群に群分けする(各群n=7)。群分けした日をDay1とし、Day1から1日1回7日間タミバロテン(3 mg/kg)を経口投与する。Day7にゲムシタビン(100mg/kg)、Day8、Day10、Day12、Day14、Day16およびDay18に抗PD-L1抗体(10F.9G2)250 μg/匹を腹腔内投与する。Day1、Day4、Day7からDay27まで1日おきに腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図52に示す。さらに、全部のマウスが死亡するまでの生存率を求める。
腫瘍体積の推移を図53に示す。この結果は、PDL1群と比較してPDL1+AM80群は有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。生存率の推移を図54に示す。この結果は、PDL1群と比較してPDL1+AM80群では有意な生存の延長が認められることを示す。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。移植後8日目に腫瘍体積が均等になるように、コントロール群、抗PD-L1抗体投与群(PDL1群)および抗PD-L1抗体とタミバロテン投与群(PDL1+AM80群)の3群に群分けする(各群n=7)。群分けした日をDay1とし、Day1から1日1回7日間タミバロテン(3 mg/kg)を経口投与する。Day8、Day10、Day12、Day14、Day16およびDay18に抗PD-L1抗体(10F.9G2)250 μg/匹を腹腔内投与する。コントロール群には抗PD-L1抗体に代えてIgGを投与する。Day8からDay26まで1日おきに腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図55に示す。さらに、全部のマウスが死亡するまでの生存率を求める。
腫瘍体積の推移を図56に示す。この結果は、PDL1群と比較してPDL1+AM80群は有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。生存率の推移を図57に示す。この結果は、PDL1群と比較してPDL1+AM80群では有意な生存の延長が認められることを示す。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウス膀胱がん細胞MB49(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する(Day1)。Day5に腫瘍体積が均等になるように、抗PD-L1抗体投与群(PDL1群)および抗PD-L1抗体とタミバロテン投与群(PDL1+AM80群)の2群に群分けする(各群n=5)。Day5から1日1回7日間タミバロテン(3 mg/kg)を経口投与する。Day12、Day15、Day18およびDay21に抗PD-L1抗体(10F.9G2)250 μg/匹 を腹腔内投与する。Day2からDay40まで3日に1回腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図58に示す。
腫瘍体積の推移を図59に示す。この結果は、PDL1群と比較してPDL1+AM80群は有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウス肺がん細胞株であるLewis lung carcinoma cell line(LCC)にルシフェラーゼ (Luciferase)を強制発現させた細胞LCC-luc(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する(Day1)。Day5に腫瘍体積が均等になるように、抗PD-L1抗体投与群(PDL1群)および抗PD-L1抗体とタミバロテン投与群(PDL1+AM80群)の2群に群分けする(各群n=5)。Day9から1日1回7日間タミバロテン(3 mg/kg)を経口投与する。Day16、Day19およびDay22に抗PD-L1抗体(10F.9G2)250 μg/匹 を腹腔内投与する。Day9からDay40まで3日に1回腫瘍体積を測定する。
腫瘍体積の推移を図60に示す。この結果は、PDL1群と比較してPDL1+AM80群は有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウス胃がん細胞株YTN5またはYTN16(1.0~5.0×106個)を皮下移植する(Day1)。Day5に腫瘍体積が均等になるように、抗PD-L1抗体投与群(PDL1群)および抗PD-L1抗体とタミバロテン投与群(PDL1+AM80群)の2群に群分けする(各群n=5)。Day5-9のいずれかにタミバロテンの投与を開始する。タミバロテンは1日1回7日間、3 mg/kgを経口投与する。タミバロテンの投与終了翌日から3日に1回、合計3回または6回PD-L1抗体(10F.9G2)250 μg/匹を腹腔内投与する。タミバロテンの投与開始から3日に1回腫瘍体積を測定する。PDL1群と比較してPDL1+AM80群は有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制する。
(1)実験方法
メフリン欠失マウス(Maeda K. et al., Sci Rep. 2016 Feb 29;6:22288. doi: 10.1038/srep22288.)に、マウスすい臓がん細胞mT5(1.0×106個)を皮下移植する。移植後8日目に腫瘍体積が均等になるように、コントロール群、抗PD-L1抗体投与群(PDL1群)および抗PD-L1抗体とタミバロテン投与群(PDL1+AM80群)の3群に群分けする(各群n=7)。群分けした日をDay1とし、Day1から1日1回7日間タミバロテン(3 mg/kg)を経口投与する。Day8、Day10、Day12、Day14、Day16およびDay18に抗PD-L1抗体(10F.9G2)250 μg/匹を腹腔内投与する。コントロール群には抗PD-L1抗体に代えてIgGを投与する。 Day8からDay26まで1日おきに腫瘍体積を測定する。プロトコールを図61に示す。さらに、全部のマウスが死亡するまでの生存率を求める。
腫瘍体積の推移を図62に示す。この結果は、腫瘍増殖を抑制効果に関し、PDL1群とPDL1+AM80群との間に有意差は認められないことを示す。生存率の推移を図63に示す。この結果は、生存率に関し、PDL1群とPDL1+AM80群との間に有意差は認められないことを示す。
(1)実験方法
C57BL/6J雌性マウスに、マウス胃がん細胞株YTN5(5.0×106個)を皮下移植する(Day1)。Day7に腫瘍体積が均等になるように、抗PD1抗体投与群(PD1群)および抗PD1抗体とタミバロテン投与群(PD1+AM80群)の2群に群分けする(各群n=6)。Day7にタミバロテンの投与を開始する。タミバロテンは1日1回6日間、3 mg/kgを経口投与する。タミバロテンの投与終了翌日から3日に1回、合計3回PD1抗体(10F.9G2)200 μg/匹を腹腔内投与する。タミバロテンの投与開始から3日に1回腫瘍体積を測定する。
腫瘍体積の推移を図64に示す。この結果は、PD1群と比較してPD1+AM80群は有意に腫瘍増殖を抑制することを示す。
Claims (20)
- レチノイドとがん治療薬との併用療法が有効ながん患者を選択する方法であって、間質中にがん関連線維芽細胞の浸潤を伴う悪性腫瘍を有するがん患者を選択する工程を含む方法。
- 前記がん患者を選択する工程が、被験がん患者から得られた悪性腫瘍組織において、少なくとも1個のがん関連線維芽細胞を検出することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記がん患者を選択する工程が、被験がん患者から得られた悪性腫瘍組織の病理組織標本を作製し、顕微鏡観察下で少なくとも1個のがん関連線維芽細胞を検出することを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記がん患者を選択する工程が、被験がん患者から得られた悪性腫瘍組織の病理組織標本を顕微鏡観察し、がん細胞領域と間質領域が含まれる任意の強拡大視野中に1個以上のがん関連線維芽細胞を検出することを含む、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の方法。
- がん関連線維芽細胞の検出が、ヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色を行った病理組織標本を顕微鏡観察することにより行われる、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- がん関連線維芽細胞の検出が、がん関連線維芽細胞のマーカー分子に対する免疫組織化学染色またはin situ hybridizationにより行われる、請求項3または4に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、レチノイドとがん治療薬とを組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする医薬。
- がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、請求項7に記載の医薬。
- レチノイドがタミバロテンである、請求項7または8に記載の医薬。
- レチノイドが先行投与されるように用いられる請求項7~9のいずれかに記載の医薬。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、レチノイドを有効成分とする、がん治療薬の作用増強用および/またはがん治療薬の標的腫瘍組織への送達促進用医薬。
- がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、請求項11に記載の医薬。
- レチノイドがタミバロテンである、請求項11または12に記載の医薬。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、腫瘍組織の細胞にメフリンを過剰発現させる組成物を有効成分とする、がん治療薬の作用増強用医薬であって、メフリンを過剰発現させる組成物がレチノイド、メフリン遺伝子を含有するウイルスベクターまたはメフリン遺伝子を含有する非ウイルスベクターである医薬。
- がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、請求項14に記載の医薬。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤とがん治療薬とを組み合わせて投与されることを特徴とする医薬であって、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤がLOX阻害薬、抗LOX中和抗体、レチノイド、メフリン遺伝子を含有するウイルスベクターまたはメフリン遺伝子を含有する非ウイルスベクターである医薬。
- がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、請求項16に記載の医薬。
- がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤が先行投与されるように用いられる請求項16または17に記載の医薬。
- 請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の方法により選択されたがん患者を対象とし、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤を有効成分とする、がん治療薬の作用増強用および/またはがん治療薬の標的腫瘍組織への送達促進用医薬であって、がんの間質におけるリシルオキシダーゼの活性抑制を誘導する薬剤がLOX阻害薬、抗LOX中和抗体、レチノイド、メフリン遺伝子を含有するウイルスベクターまたはメフリン遺伝子を含有する非ウイルスベクターである医薬。
- がん治療薬が化学療法剤、分子標的薬、免疫療法剤またはホルモン療法剤である、請求項19に記載の医薬。
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US20230301950A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
CN115997122A (zh) | 2023-04-21 |
TW202216133A (zh) | 2022-05-01 |
EP4173639A4 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
JPWO2021261601A1 (ja) | 2021-12-30 |
KR20230031285A (ko) | 2023-03-07 |
CA3184767A1 (en) | 2021-12-30 |
EP4173639A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
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